英语培训讲义虚拟语气

大学英语College

English虚拟语气语气直接语气祈使语气虚拟语气It

wasjust

aquestionof

havingthetimeto

re-adjust.这只是个需要时间重新适应的问题。The

medical

community

continues

tomake

progress

in

the

fight

against

cancer.医学界在抗癌的斗争中不断取得进步。Make

yourself

at

home.请随便，不要客气。Don’t

be

late.不要迟到。Bepatient.忍着点。/耐心些。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气的用法条件句中虚拟语气的倒装名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法if引导的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+did（were）主+would/should/could/might+动词原形If

I

were

in

your

shoes,

I

would

accepttheterms.如果我处在你的地位，我就会接受这些条件。

If

I

had

one

million

dollars,I

would

buythebus.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这辆车。if引导的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主

+haddone

sth.,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）If

we

had

left

earlier,

we

wouldn’t

havemissed

the

train.假若我们早点起身的话，我们是不会错过火车的。Ifhe

had

worked

hard,

he

would

havepassed

the

examination.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。if引导的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句If

+

主

+

did（were

to

/should

do）,主+would/should/could/might+动词原形If

you

lived

there

for

a

while,

you

wouldchange

your

mind

about

thatplace.假如你在那里住上一段时间，你就会改变对那地方的看法了。If

he

were

to

come

here

tomorrow,

Iwould

tellhim.如果他明天来的话，我会告诉他。If

you

dropped

the

glass,

it

would

break.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。If

he

were

to

come,

what

should

wesayto

him?假如他来了，我们对他说什么呢？If

I

were

you,

I

would

have

taken

his

advice.如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If

you

had

listened

to

me,

you

might

not

be

insuch

trouble

now.如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。If

it

hadn’t

been

raining

those

days,

we

shouldbe

going

on

with

the

works.如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。倒装的If虚拟句条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were,had,should时，可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他Were

you

in

my

position,

you

woulddo

thesame.Had

he

been

there

yesterday,

hewould

have

seen

thefilm.Should

they

attack

us,

we’ll

wipethem

out

completely.wish引导的虚拟句did/were现在had

done过去would/might/should

do

将来I

wish

I

remembered

the

address.我要是记得地址就好了。How

I

wishhe

had

not

left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。I

wishit

wouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。I

wish

I

wasn’tgoing

to

New

York我真希望我不是去纽约。We

wish

you

had

come

to

our

New

Yearsparty.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。Iwish

you

would

stay

a

little

longer.我希望你再待一会儿。wish引导的虚拟句If

only

但愿，只要=

Iwish=

aslongasIf

only

I

knew

his

name

now!Ifonly

we

had

followed

your

advice

lasttime!Ifonly

I

could

see

him

again

nextyear!If

only

our

parents

could

live

withus!Ifonly

I

hadn’t

missedthetrain!We

can

surely e

these

difficulties

if

onlywe

are

closely

united.如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难。You

can

make

progress

only

if

you

aremodest.as

if

/

as

thoughHe

speaks

English

as

if/though

heis

from

theUSA.He

speaks

English

as

if/though

hewere

from

the

USA.as

if

/

as

thoughdid/were

现在had

done

过去would+动词原形

将来She

loves the

baby

as

if

he

were

her

ownson.He

speaksas

if

he

had

been

to

theUnitedKingdom.He

acted

as

if

he

hadn't

heard

any

of

it.His

heart

was

pounding,

as

if

he

werefrightened.He behaved

as

if

nothing

had

happened.他表现得若无其事。Ifeel

as

if

I

had

been

born

again.我有一种再生之感。She

works

hard

as

if

she

never

knewfatigue.她工作努力，仿佛从不知疲倦似的。His

clothes

were

creased,

as

if

he

hadslept

inthem.他的衣服皱巴巴的，好像他是穿着衣服睡的。虚拟语气中的时态对现在的虚拟，谓语动词用过去时（系动词用were），意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生。He

looks

as

if

he

were

ill.He felt

as

if

he

alone

wereresponsible

for

what

had

happened.He

orders

me

about

as

if

I

were

hiswife.对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had+过去分词，意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前。虚拟语气中的时态She

spoke

English

well

as

if

shehadstudied

English

in

England.她英语说的很好就像是在英国学习的一样。I

remember

the

whole

thing

as

if

it

hadhappened

yesterday.记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样。对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would+动词原形，意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后。虚拟语气中的时态Mrs.Smith sobbed

as

ifher

heart

wouldbreak.史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了。He

felt

asifhe

would

faint

fromexhaustion.他感到精疲力尽得快要晕过去了。虚拟语气中的时态有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If

you

had

followed

my

advice,

youwouldbeable

to

finish

the

worknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。If

I

were

you,

I

would

have

gone

to

herbirthday

party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。If

you

hadn’t

lentmesome

money,I

couldn’t

have

bought

the

new

houseand

mostlikely

I

would

bestill

living

inthe

dangerous

house

now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,

request,desire,insist,require,advice引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以（should）

+动词原形出现。He

suggested

that

we

should

leave

early.他建议我们早点动身。The

detectiveinsisted

that

he

shouldhave

a

look.警探坚持要查看。The

judge

ordered

that

the

prisonershould

be

remanded.法官命令被告还押候审。名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词It’s

suggested（ordered,

demanded,proposed,

commanded,

requested,desired,

insisted,

required

）that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以（

should）+动词原形出现。It's

suggested

that

you

should

bring

acell

phone

when

you

are

out

traveling

incase

ofemergency.外出时最好带上手机，以防出现紧急情况

It

is

requested

that

all

members

shouldbe

present

at

the

party.全体会员都被要求出席这次晚会。名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以should+动词原形出现。My

suggestion

is

that

he

should

be

sentabroad

for

further

education.我建议派他去国外入一步学习。My

advice

is

that

you

should

never

spendinexcessofyour

e.我劝你花钱不要超过你的收入。My

request

is

that

you

should

make

anapology

to

your

parents.我的要求是你向你的父母道歉。名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词当suggest

表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟。His

accent

suggests

he

comesfromHunan.His

silence

suggested

that

he

agreed

withmydecisionI

insist

that

he

was

wrong.He

insists

that

doing

morningexercisesdoes

good

to

people’s

health.虚拟语气特殊句型Iwould

rather

…

…I

would

rather

you

went

tomorrow我宁愿你明天去。I

would

rather

you

came

nextSaturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。I

would

rather

you

were

happy.我愿你快乐。I

would

rather

she

sat

next

to

me.我宁愿她挨着我坐。I

would

rather

Jack

left

on

anearliertrain.我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。You

always

go

without

me

and

Iwouldrather

youdidn’t.你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。I

would

rather

you

hadn’t

said

it.我真希望你没有这样说过。I

would

rather

you

hadn’t

done

that.我宁愿你没这样做。I

would

rather

you

had

been.我宁愿你当时在场。I

would

rather

he

hadn’t

told

me

about

it我宁愿他未告诉我这件事。虚拟语气特殊句型Without but

forbut

for

要不是Without

sunlight,

people’s

life

would

bedifferent

from

today.But

for

your

help,

I

wouldn’t

havefinishedthework.Without

your

help,

Iwould

have

failed.But

for

water,

it

would

be

impossibletolive

in

the

desert.But

for

your

help

wecouldn’t

havesucceeded

in

the

experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。But

for

the

rain

we

should

have

had

apleasant

journey.要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。虚拟语气特殊句型It’s

necessary

/strange

/natural/important+that从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形。It

is

importantthat

we

shouldmaster

a

foreign

language.It

is

necessary

that

everymembershould

inform

himself

of

these

rules.It’s

necessary

that

we

should

studyhard.虚拟语气特殊句型otherwisesupposingThe

storm

stopped,otherwise

thesailorswould

have

fallenintothesea.We

didn’t

know

you

were

in

trouble

atthat

time，otherwise

we

would

havegiven

you

ahand.Suppose（supposing）your

friends

knewhow

you

are

behaving

here,

what

wouldthey

think?虚拟语气特殊句型so

that in

order

thatmay

/

might

/

can

/

could

/etc.+动词原形He

goes

closer

to

the

speaker

so

that

hecan

hear

himclearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He

read

the

letter

carefully

in

order

thathe

should

not

miss

a

word.他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。虚拟语气特殊句型May+动词原形May

you

have

a

goodjourney!祝你一路顺风。May

your

youth

last

forever!祝你青春永驻。May

good

luck

be

yours!祝你好运！May

you

behappy!祝你快乐！May

you

do

evenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Long

live

the

people!人民万岁！Godblessyou愿上帝保佑你！含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。将条件隐含在不定式短语中I

would

write

to

her,

but

I

don’t

knowher

address.我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。

If

I

knew

her

address,

I

would

write

toher.But…To

have

studied

harder,

you

would

havepassed

theexamination.你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。If

you

had

studied

harder,

you…将条件隐含在分词短语中Born

in

better

times,

he

would

have

been

ascholar.如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。If

he

had

been

born

in

better

times,

he

would…Failing

this

time,

what

would

you

do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？If

you

failed

this

time,

whatwould…将条件隐含在分词短语中

Walking

alone

in

the

dark,Marywould

beterrified.要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。IfMarywalkedaloneinthedark,she…将条件隐含在介词短语中But

for

your

help

we

couldn’t

have

succeededin

theexperiment.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的If

it

hadn’t

been

for

your

help,

we…In

different

circumstances,

I

would

have

saidyes.在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。If

circumstances

had

been

different,

I

would…将条件隐含在名词短语中Any

person