2023年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Someareasofthemoonaresofullofcraters（）anextremelyroughsurface.问题1选项A.thattheypresentB.presentingC.whichpresentD.topresent2.不定项选择题Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.Tosummonthesandtocomerushinginandpluguphisearswithitsroaringsilence.Meanwhile,themotherarmsherselfwithreturnsfromthelasttrip.HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.Onsummernights,whenit’slightuntilafterthefirefliesarrive,theairisheavyandmoist.Thedaughtersunrolltheirwindowsandstickthewholeoftheirheadsoutintotheslatebluesky,feelingfullforcethesweaty,honeysuckleair.Inthecoldmall,theirrubbersolessqueakonshinylinoleumsquares.Theyoungerdaughtertriesnottosteponanycracks.Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.Itisnotuntilthethirdor,onagoodnight,thefourtherrandthatthetroublebegins.Thegirlshavewanderedovertoexaminerainbowbeachtowels,perhaps,orsomekindofpinkruffledbedspread.Themother’svoicefindsthemfromafewaislesaway.Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.Theolderoneshakesherponytailsattheyoungerone.Herblueeyeshissthecareful-don’t-crywarning,buttheyoungerone’scheeksonlygetredder.Toebytoe,thedaughtersedgetowardshousewareswheretheyfingerlaceplacematsortracepatternsinthestorecarpetwithsneakeredsoles.Themother’svoicestillfindsthem,shakingwithrage.Finally,heelsslappinginhersandals,shestridestowardsthemandthenkeepsgoing.Theyfollow,catchingherword-trail,“Stupidpeople.Stupid,stupid,stupid.IHATEstupidpeople.”It’sthelittleskipsbetweenstepstheyoungeronetakestokeepupwithhermother’stong,angrylegs.It’sthecardoorslammingandtheseatbeltbuckleyankedintoplace.It’sthosethingsthattellthedaughtershowthenextfewhourswillgo.Inthecar,theolderonesighsandgrindsherbackteeth.Theyoungeronefeelsherfacegethotterandhereyesstarttoswell.Shestaresatanicecreamstainonthebackofthefrontseatandseesapony,aflower,andafairyinthatsplashofchocolatemintchip.Themotherbeginsonbothatonce.“Andwhenwegethome,ifyourshoesarestillintheTVroom,I’mthrowingthemout.Sameforbooks.Nomoreshithouse.Nomorelazy,ungratefulkids.”AndsoonandsoonthroughtheblackvelvetskyandacrosstheHersheybarroads.Onintothehousewithaslaportwo.“You’llbehappywhenI’minmygrave,”wailsatthemastheyputontheirnightgownsandbrushtheirteeth.Theolderonesetsastonejawandtheyoungeronetriesnottosobassheopenswide,engulfinghersmallhandandscrubbingeachandeverymolar.Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”Promisesforthatpinkruffledbedspreadormaybeanewstuffedanimal.Longfingersrakethroughtheyoungerone’scurls.“Tomorrowevening,we’llgetyousomekindoftreat.Rightafterdinner,we’llgotothemall.”1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,thetwodaughterseemto（）.3.Theword“squirms”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans（）.4.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoseNOTdescribethemother?5.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthetextbelongto?问题1选项A.thefatherisinertB.theirlifeisbustlingC.theeveningareexcitingD.themotherisconstantlynagging问题2选项A.enjoytheevening’sshoppinginthebeginningB.bereluctanttorunerrandswiththemotherC.enjoybrowsingvariouskindofitemsD.begladtohelptheirmotherwithhousework.问题3选项A.movesB.squirtsC.wrigglesD.digests问题4选项A.IrritableB.RemorsefulC.AmiableD.Discontented问题5选项A.NarrationB.DescriptionC.PersuasionD.Exposition3.单选题Briefly,thefunctionsofamilitarystaffaretoadvisethecommander,transmithisinstructions,（）.问题1选项A.alsothesupervisionoftheexecutionofhisdecisionsB.andsupervisingtheexecutionofhisdecisionsC.andsupervisetheexecutionofhisdecisionsD.andhavesupervisionoftheexecutionofhisdecisions4.不定项选择题Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividualperson.Itisconcernedwithdescribingandexplaininglanguageasamatterofhumanbehavior.Peoplespeakandwrite;theyalsoevidentlyreadandunderstandwhattheyhear.Theyarenotborndoingso;theyhavetoacquiretheseskills.Noteverybodyseemstodevelopthemtothesamedegree.Peoplemaysufferaccidentsordiseases,whichimpairtheirperformance.Languageisthusseenaspartofhumanpsychology,aparticularsortofbehavior,thebehaviorwhichhasasitsprincipalfunctionthatofcommunication.Thetroublewiththeterm“behavior”isthatitisoftentakentoreferonlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.Yetpartoflanguagebehavior—thatofunderstandingspokenorwrittenlanguage,forexample—haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns.Itistruewecansometimesinferthatunderstandinghastakenplacebythechangesthattakeplaceintheotherperson’sbehavior.Whensomeonehasbeenprohibitedfromdoingsomething,wemayinferthathehasunderstoodtheprohibitionbyobservingthatthereafterheneverbehavesinthatway.Wecannot,ofcourse,beabsolutelysurethathissubsequentbehaviorisaresultofhisunderstanding;itmightbeduetoalossofinterestorinclination.Sobehaviormustbetakentoincludeunobservableactivity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.Onceweadmitthatthestudyoflanguagebehaviorinvolvesdescribingandexplainingtheunobservable,thesituationbecomesmuchmorecomplicated,becausewehavetopostulatesomesetofprocesses,someinternalmechanism,whichoperateswhenwespeakandunderstand.Wehavetopostulatesomethingwecancallamind.Thestudyoflanguagefromthispointofviewcanthenbeseenasastudyofthespecificproperties,processesandstatesofthemindwhoseofoutwardwardmanifestationsareobservablebehavior;whatwehavetoknowinordertoperformlinguistically.Thisapproachtolanguage,asaphenomenonoftheindividual,isthusprincipallyconcernedwithexplaininghowweacquirelanguage.anditsrelationlogeneralhumancognitivesystems,andwiththepsychologicalmechanismsunderlyingthecomprehensionandproductionofspeech;muchlesswiththeproblemofwhatlanguageisfor,thatis,itsfunctionascommunication,sincethisnecessarilyinvolvesmorethanasingleindividual.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?3.Whatdoestheterm“behavior”inthesecondparagraphespeciallyrefertointhispassage?4.Whatdoes“internalmechanism”(Line3,Para3)mean?5.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?问题1选项A.LanguageasMeansofCommunicationB.LanguageandPsychologyC.LanguageandtheIndividualD.LanguageasaSocialPhenomenon问题2选项A.Languageisoftenregardaspartofhumanpsychology.B.Peopledeveloplanguageskillsofdifferentdegreesasaresultofdifferentpersonalexperiences.C.Languageisaspecialkindofpsychologicalbehaviorthatisbornwithanindividual.D.Peoplelearntospeakandwritethroughimitationandtraining.问题3选项A.Itreferstoobservableandphysicalmovementsandacts.B.Itreferstothepartoflanguagebehaviorthatinvolvesunderstandingorinterpretation.C.Itreferstoboththeovertandtheunobservablelanguagebehaviorsincommunicating.D.Itreferstoactsofspeakingandwriting.问题4选项A.Secretmachine.B.Mentalprocesses.C.Oversystem.D.Mechanicoperation.问题5选项A.Itsindividualisticapproachtolanguageismeanttostudythepsychologicalprocessesoflanguageacquisition.B.Theindividualisticapproachtolanguageismainlyconcernedwithhowlanguagefunctionsinsociety.C.Thestudyoflanguageissuretoinvolvemorethanasingleindividual.D.Psychologicalapproachtolanguageisconcernedwiththecomprehensionandproductionofspeech.5.翻译题Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10points)春暖花开之日，人们的视野里满是粉桃白李，绿野芳踪；秋风瑟瑟之际，人们的视野里尽为衰草枯枝，黄叶遍地。因此而引发了多少伤春悲秋的感叹。但这些感叹却实际出于心灵的视野，超乎眼睛看到的范围。一个热爱生命的、富于想象的人，他的心灵“看”到、更感受到的，远远超过他的目力所及。这样的话，即使他是盲人，也能拥有一个绚烂多姿的世界。反之，有的人虽耳闻目睹人间百态，却不会用心去体察、领悟，那么他心灵的视野就只是一片茫茫的白色。如果处在心灵的荒漠中，谁都会为这无际的空虚而感到寂寞、孤独甚至恐惧。其实，这荒漠只是视野中的“海市蜃楼”。“外面的世界”歌声依旧悦耳，花草依旧芳艳，热情的朋友们正向你走来。只要你自己能够拨开眼前的迷雾，仔细审视“视野”中的景象，正视内心的细微感动，就会发现视野中的美景，自然而然地摆脱这无援的境地。6.单选题Theamountofgravitationalattractionbetweentwoobjectsdependsonthemassoftheobjectsand（）betweenthem.问题1选项A.whatisthedistanceB.thedistanceisC.thedistanceD.thedistancewhatis7.单选题Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.问题1选项A.harmoniousB.energeticC.capableD.harsh8.单选题ThelargestmeteoriteondisplayisintheAmericanMuseuminNewYorkCity（）over34tons.问题1选项A.anditweighsB.itweighsC.itsweightisD.whichitweighs9.单选题Knowntoeveryman,woman,andchildinthetown,（）.问题1选项A.friendswereneverlackingtomygrandfatherB.mygrandfatherwasnotlackingtowardhisfriendsC.mygrandfatherwasnotlackingnofriendsD.mygrandfatherneverlackedfriends10.单选题

Foragoodweek,bothsideshavebeenseekinganequitablesolutiontothisdispute.问题1选项A.potentialB.impartialC.balancedD.uneven第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】C【解析】考查从句。空格后anextremelyroughsurface（极其粗糙的表面）是修饰空格前名词craters（火山口），句意：月球的某些区域充满了环形山，呈现出极其粗糙的表面。因此C选项正确，构成定语从句，从句的引导词which在定语从句中做主语；A选项代入后成为同位语从句，同位语从句是解释说明之前的词，在这里不符合句意；现在分词作后置定语表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，表示被修饰名词的特征，B选项排除；动词不定式修饰物表示某物要做某事，D选项排除；因此C选项正确。2.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.（晚上，他们去购物中心。一周一次或更多。有时，他们甚至把晚餐的碗碟放在水槽里，这样他们就有足够的时间完成所有的差事）可以得知B选项“他们的生活是忙碌的”正确，他们去购物中心还需要挤时间，代表他们的生活是忙碌的；根据题干可以定位到第一段Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.（父亲从不来——他讨厌购物，尤其是和妻子一起。相反，他待在家里看报纸，在他的书房周围。做其他爸爸晚上必须做的事情）可以得知A选项“父亲是懒惰的”错误，根据这些内容我们只能判断出父亲不喜欢购物，无法判断出父亲是否懒惰；C选项以及D选项未在第一段内提及。因此B选项符合题意。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.（现在，在她们晚上闲逛商场的时候，出现了“如果我现在就吐出来”吗?还是“哪里有让我掉进的兔子洞?”的感觉）可以判断出B选项“不愿意和母亲一起跑腿”正确；根据第二段第二句HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.（她的两个年幼的女儿忘记了手电筒标签游戏或最喜欢的电视节目，系上网球鞋和安全带：然后她们就出发了）以及最后一句Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.（大女儿直视着前方；每做完一件事，她就用阴沉的眼睛数着）可以得知A选项“一开始就享受晚上的购物”和C选项“享受浏览各种各样的商品”错误；D选项在文章内没有提到；因此B选项符合题意。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。A选项“移动；感动”；B选项“喷射，喷出，挤”；C选项“扭动；蠕动”；D选项“消化；吸收”。根据关键字squirms可以定位到第四段Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?（晚餐在女儿们的胃里蠕动着。现在感受到了“如果我现在就吐出来”吗?）可以推测squirms是蠕动的意思，因此C选项符合题意。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”（父亲没有幸免。易怒的母亲转而对父亲生气：“他妈的糟糕的丈夫。懒惰的父亲。”就这样持续了一个多小时。然后，在夜晚最黑暗的时候，她会光着脚，用凉的手捂着孩子那布满汗珠的小前额。亲吻、爱抚，并说道：“对不起，妈妈有点生气了。”）得知A选项“易怒的”，B选项“懊悔的”以及D选项“不满的”可描述母亲，而C选项“和蔼可亲的”不可，因此C选项符合题意。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。Narration即记叙文，把人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程表达出来的一种表达方式。它是写作中最基本、最常见，也是最主要的表达方式，记叙文有六要素：人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果；Description即描述文，是对人物的外貌、动作，事物的性质、形态和景物的状貌、变化所作的具体刻画和生动描摹；Persuasion不属于表达方式；Exposition即说明文，是用简明的语言、客观而准确地解说事物或阐述事理的一种表达方式；本文不属于说明文，也没有记叙文的六要素，属于描述文，通过文章描述了一位暴躁易怒又容易懊悔的母亲的形象，以及一个压抑的家庭。因为B选项正确。3.【答案】C【解析】考查连词。and连接意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相同的语法结构，此处空格是和and前的toadvise以及transmit并列，因此C选项正确。4.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividualperson.（首先，我们可以把语言看作是个体的一种现象。）C选项“语言与个人”，通读全文可知，文章主要写“语言和个体”，由此可知C选项符合题意。A选项“语言是交流的手段”，B选项“语言和心理”，在文章第一段最后一句有提及，但不是文章的主要内容，D选项“语言是一种社会现象”，也可排除。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。A选项“语言常被认为是人类心理的一部分”。A选项在文章第一段最后一句有所提及，“语言被看作是人类心理的一部分”，故A选项排除。B选项“由于个人经历的不同，人们语言技能的发展程度也不同”。B选项在第一段第五、六句有所提及，并不是每个人都能达到同样的程度。人们可能会遭遇事故或疾病，从而影响他们的表现。故B选项排除。C选项“语言是个体与生俱来的一种特殊的心理行为”，C选项在文章没有提及。D选项“人们通过模仿和训练来学习说和写”，D选项在第一段第三句可推理出来，人们不会天生获得这种技能，由此可推测是后天的学习来进行说和写，可排除D选项。因此C选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“behavior”可定位到原文第二段Thetroublewiththeterm“behavior”isthatitisoftentakentoreferonlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.Yetpartoflanguagebehavior—thatofunderstandingspokenorwrittenlanguage,forexample—haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns…Sobehaviormustbetakentoincludeunobservableactivity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.（“行为”一词的问题在于，它常常被认为仅仅是指或多或少明显的、可描述的身体运动和行为。然而，语言行为的一部分——例如理解口语或书面语言——很少或根本没有物理上可观察到的迹象……所以行为必须包括不可观察的活动，通常只能从其他可观察的行为中推断出来）可知文章中所提到的“behavior”特别指的是明显的、可描述的身体运动和不可观察的语言活动，即C选项“交际行为是指交际中显性的和不可见的语言行为”正确；A选项“它指的是可观察到的物理运动和行为”，B选项“它是指语言行为中涉及理解或解释的部分”太过片面；D选项“它指的是说和写的行为”不符合原文。因此C选