2008年考博真题及答案详解

PartI．ReadingDirections：Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart．Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketsQuestions1-5arebasedonthefollowingMostofuswouldliketofeelwehavesomeinfluenceoverwhathappensaroundusandtous.Citizensspeakouttoinfluenceonuseofnuclearpower,conservingtheenvironmentandendangeredanimals，localandstatetaxes，theappropriateuseoffundsbyorganizationsofwhichtheyaremembers，properlanduseandthenatureofeducationinthepublicschools,andahostofotherissues．Someoftheseaffectthespeakers’immediateself-interest;othersareattemptstomakethesocialenvironmentconformmorecloselytotheirownideas.Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower．Eveninjobsrelyingontechnicalspecialization，theopportunitiesanddemandsforpublicspeakingskillsremainmorecommonthanmanycollegestudentsrealize.Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees,orhemustserveasaspokes forconsultantteamspresentingresultstoagenciesoutsidethe .Thecertifiedpublicaccountantfindsanopportunitytoteachclassesinherareaofspeculation.Thedentisthastogivespeechesasanofficerofhisdentalassociation．Sometimesyoumayhavetomakeaspeechaspartofyourdutiesinyourjobororganization.Perhapsmorefrequentlyyouwillhaveopportunitieswhereyouspeakvoluntarily,aswhenyouspeakoutinameeting．Someofthesespeakingsituationswillbeoflittleconsequence;youwillfeelbetterifyoudothespeechwell，butitwillnotreallymakemuchyoucandoatleastanadequatejob．Andyoumaynotbecontentmerelytogetthroughthetaskadequay.Tobeabletoincreaselisteners’understandingortopersuadethemisoneofthemostcivilizedwaysweasindividualshaveforaffectingourenvironment．Somebeginning—speechstudentsaresurprisedtodiscoverthattheycangiveapublicspeechatall，muchlesstheskillfulandeffectiveonestheywillbeproducingbytheendofthecourse．Theprimarypurposesofaspeechcoursearetoexpandyourunderstandingoftechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking，andtogiveyousomepracticesothatyouwillbemoreconfidentandeffectiveinmoresituations．Withskillandconfidenceyoudevelopapowertobenefityourselfandthesocietyaroundyou．Thetextintendstoshow theimportanceofspeakingbeforethethetechniquesandstrategiesinpublicthepurposesandaimsofaspeechthemostcivilizedwaystoexertourAccordingtothepassage，effectivespeakingabilitydoesbenefitpeoplealotexcepton A．environmentalconservationB．audienceawarenessD．careerpromotionYouneedtospeakeffectively youareayouareanyouwanttostudyyouwanttoinfluenceItisimpliedinthetext A．agoodspeakermayhavegreaterchanceinhiscareerB．makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineerC．speakingatameetingisoftenpartofone'sD．peopleoftenexercisetheirpowerbymakingSometimesyouarenotcontentwhenyoufinishyourspeechbecause youspeechmakeslittledifferencetothetheaudience'sbetterunderstandingismoreessentialtomakinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanthespeech-makingoccasionisnotimportantintheQuestions6-l0arebasedonthefollowingTheworldisundergoingtremendouschanges．Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld，hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury．Butaretheeffectsofglobalizationalwayspositive?Somesayno．MichaelTenet，headoftheInternationalInstituteforForeignRelationsinArian,isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization．“Eversincethe1980sandtheeconomiccollapseoftheAsianTigersinthelate1990s．therehasbeenare-evaluationoftheroleofglobalizationasa forgood,"hesaid．" esinmanycountrieshavedeclinedandthegapbetweenthemostrichandthemostpoorhasbeenaggravated,Withoutfurtherinterventionbyernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia．"YetGeorgeFrank，aninfluentialeconomistwhoworksonWallStreet，seesnosuchdanger．“Economicliberalization，increasedtransparencyandmarket-basedreformshavepositiveeffectinthelongrun，evenifmarketmechanismscanproducshort-termdestabilizationproblems，"hesaid.“Whatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforconsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelof Othersfeelthatglobalization'sculturalimpactmaybemoreimportantthanitseconomicimplications.JaniceYawed，anativeofAfrica，feelsstronglythatglobalizationisunderminingherlocalcultureandlanguage．“Mostoftheworld’sdialects eextinctunderglobalization.We'repavingtheworldwithMcDonald'sandEnglishslang．Ittearsmeupinside，"shesaid．ernmentsofdifferentcountrieshavehadmixedresponsestothewaveofglobalization．TheUnitedStatesisgenerallyseenasanactiveproponentofgreatertrade,anditcertainlyhasenormousculturalinfluencebyvirtueofitsnearmonopolyonworldwideentertainment．Butothercountries,mostnotablyinEuropeanddevelonations，havesoughttoreducetheimpactthatglobalizationhasontheirdomesticaffairs.“WhenIwasaboywehadverylittletospeakof,”saysoneSingaporeanresident．"Nowourcountryhasdevelopedaboominghubforinternationalfinance."Others，however,arenotsooptimistic．"Globalizationisanevilthatmustbehalted,"aunionofficialatacarntinDetroitrecentlycommented,"It'ssuckingawayjobsandkillingthespiritofourAsforglobalization，MichaelTenet'sattitudetoitismostprobablytobeinfirm C．great D．strongTheviewsofMichaelTenetandGeorgeFrankonglobalizationarequite WhenmentioningJaniceYawed，theauthoristalking herlocalcultureandtheculturalimplicationsofglobalizationC．McDonald'sandEnglishslangD．theeconomicimpactofAccordingtoparagraph5，differentcountriesconsiderglobalization A．amixedblessing B．anevilC．allactivestimulus 10．Thetitlewhichbestexpressesthemainideaofthetextwould A．DisadvantagesofGlobalizationinEconomicAreaB．People'sResponsestotheImpactsofGlobalizationC．InfluenceofGlobalizationontheEconomyandCultureD．DifferentRolesofGlobalizationintheDevelopmentofQuestions11-15arebasedonthefollowingInthedecadesbetween19l0and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouthwherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated，andmigratedtonorthernstates，withthelargestnumbermoving，itisclaimed，between1916and1918．Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved，thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors：thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingboll-weevilinfestation，whichbeganin1898，andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakofthefirstWorldWarinl914．Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant'ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration，noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities．In1910over600，000Blackworkers，ortenpercentoftheBlackworkreportedthemselvestobeengagedin"manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits"，thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector．TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies．Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove，butanexnationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouthAboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths，masons，carpenters--whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades，buttheywerecompettonechaniaionandurbanized，workedinnewlydevelopedindustries--tobacco,lumber，coalandironmanufacture，andrailroads．WagesintheSouth，however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware．throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress.thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth．Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation．urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus，amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed，andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion．TheauthorindicatestheGreatMigrationexplicitlyby ashersourceofImmigrationServicereportsinThefirstWorldWarinThefederalcensusinSouthernnewspapersinAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesinTheywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedTheybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralTheyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledTheyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheunderlinedphrase"easyconclusion"isbasedontheassumptionthat peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicmostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodosopeoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgroundsmostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisto A．introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformationB．supportanalternativetoanacceptedC．presentevidencethatresolvesacontradictionD．challengeawidelyacceptedexnationThematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldThereasonsforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatThetransitionforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatThetransitionoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingtheboll-weevilQuestions16-20arebasedonthefollowingHoweverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe，thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom．Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher．They estrongalliesoftheschool nelortheycanconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives．Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsinformedofthenewermethodsusedinschools．Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexiningsuchmattersasthereadingreadinessprogram，manuscriptwriting，anddevelopmentalmathematics.Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors，canalsoyanimportantroleinenlighteningparents．Themanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyearsaswillasnewwaysofreportingpupilsprogress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterybetweenschoolandhome.Toillustrate，supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight．Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels．HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget，buyingthefood，usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome，settingtheclock，calculatingageonatrip，andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalIfthefatherfollowstheadvice．itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematicsand，atthesametime，enjoyingthework.Toooften,however,teachers'conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtoPettyaccountsofchildren'smisdemeanors，comintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionsforpenaltiesandrewardsathome．Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,ntsideasinparents'mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinsinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters'Thecentralideaconveyedinthepassageis hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparentsteacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheparentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurriculartherearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedatTheauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat A．parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmeticB．principalshaveexinedthenewartprogramstoparentsC．afathercanhavehissonhelphimconstructarticlesatD．aparent'smisguidedeffortscanberedirectedtoproperchannelsthantheyareatItcanreasonablybeinferredthatthe believesthatschoolsarelackingin believespresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschoolarefeelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalfeelsthatparentteacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivel9．Theauthorimpliesthat A．participationininterestingactivitiesrelatingtoaschoolsubjectimprovesone'sachievementinthatareaB．schoolprincipalsdomorethantheirshareininterpretingthecurriculumtotheC．onlyasmallpartoftheschooldayshouldbesetapartfordrillinginD．toomanychildrenarelazyandhavepoorworkTheauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassageis lparentstopaymoreattentiontotheguidanceofteachersinthematterofeducationalactivitiesinthehomehelpensurethateverychild'scapacitiescanfullydevelopwhenheleavesurgeteachersandschooladministratorstomakeuseofamuchunderusedresourceoftheimprovetheteachingapproachinmathematicsinandoutsidethePartII．VocabularyDirections：Thereare30 pletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD．ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence．ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.DuringtheKing'sillness，thedoctor twiceaurgenciesB．emergenciesC．statements with attheairportwasarrivalB．encounterC．endeavorThewoodsatthisseasonare withdelicatescents Meetingnewpeoplewidenedtheyoungman's Wedon'tencouragethemto inanysolitaryamusements_ HeexpectedtheHousetopassthebillbya Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyis ofthe Weneedonehundredmoresignaturesbeforewetake tothe Whentherentwasdue，thepoorman formoretime．A．pleaded B．squashedC．exertedTheyhavehadonlyone togainthewealth．A．objectivism It'sdifficultformyfather withoutcane．A．talkback C．standoutD．getroundWe'dbetter thewholece incaseit'sbeenbugged．A．leave…alone C．take…downD．pull…downThetiger usbywalkingroundandroundour 34．Understandingisoneofthemostimportant ofahappymarriage. Thebanditsdemandedthatoneofthetravelersshouldstaywiththemas ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson．A．potential B．multitudeC．frontierD．leapTheengineershaveusedspecialmethods thebridgeagainstdangerfromhigh Hecollects ofallkindsofrocksandminerals．A．specimens This by1000timesthesampleonthe Sheisalwayslooking inwhatshe Marriedcouplescangetadivorceiftheyfindtheyare 42．Ahundreddollarswillbe tobuyahomecomputer．A．efficient Betty, inmostthings，spentalotofmoneyon Sincethepackage ，thedamagewaspaid Thepublicisvery abouttheernor'snsforataxcut．A．susceptible Ifnoonetakes andnsforthetrip，wewillneverleave Becauseofthe ofarchitectsandbuilders，thebuildingwascompletedaheadof Theshopmanagersaidthatheintendedto thelessefficientmembersofhisstaff．A．resign Hisdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlywillbea tohisnsto ealawyer．A．hesitation C．highlightD．handicapYouwillhavetoworkhard thetimeyoumakeuse B．makeup C．makeway D．makeroomPartⅢ．ClozeDirections：Foreachnumberedbracketinthefollowingpassage，fillinasuitablewordintheblankontheANSWESHEET．Rabiesisallordinarilyinfectiousdiseaseofthecentralnervoussystem．Itiscausedbyaand，51chieflybydomesticdogsand52flesh-eatinganimals.ManandallWarm-bloodedanimalsaresusceptible53rabies．Thepeopleof54Egypt，GreeceandRomeascribedrabiestoevilspirits55ordinarilygentleandfriendlyanimalssuddenlybecamevivaciousandviolent56evidentCauseand，57aperiodotmaniacalbehaviorbecameParalyzedanddied．Experiments58outinEuropeintheearlynineteenthcenturyofinjectingsalivafromarabiddog59anormaldogprovedthatthediseasewasinfectious.Preventivesteps，60asthedestructionofstraydogs，weretakenand611862thediseasewaspermanentlyeliminatedinNorway，SwedenandDenmark．ThoughurbancenteronthecontinentofEuropewereclearedseveraltimesdaringthenineteenthcentury，62soonbecamere-infectedsincerabieswasuncontrolledamongwildanimals．Anti-rabiesvaccineiswidelyusednowadaysintwoways．Dogsmaybegivethree-yearprotection63thediseasebyonepowerfulinjection swhohavebeen65byrabidanimalsaregivenacourseofdailyinjectionsovera66tendays.Themortalityratefromall67ofbitesfromrabidanimalshasdroppedfrom9%to0.5%.Inrare68,thevaccinewillnotpreventrabiesinhuman69becausethe producesthediseasebeforethe 'sbodyhas70tobuildupenough .Becauseofthis,immediatevaccinationisessentialforanyonebittenbyananimalobservedactingstrangelyandtheanimalshouldbecapturedcircumspectly,andexaminedprofessionallyordestroyed．Part Directions：Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto ontheANSWERTwomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen'semancipationinWesternsocieties．Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe"relational"feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof"equalityindifference".orequityasdistinctfromequality．Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweentheesresultinanecessaryualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen'sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen．71)Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women'squestforalautonomy,whiledownyingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities．Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement，oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual．72)Between1890and1920，however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhichstillpredominates．amongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates．BecausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywellestablishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition，individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime，thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable．Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsfora11．Relationalfeminists，whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen，toemphasizewomen'sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers，state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits，andpaidcompensationforhousework．Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall：becausetheyunderlinewomen'sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness，theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege．73)Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificance，ofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutions ashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen．Iftheindividualistframework，withitsclaimforwomen'sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists．amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge．PartV.-English干这项工作的最佳人选;大多数人在面试中采取策略，尽全力回答问题；一种更好的方法是控局面，使面PartⅥ．WritingDirections：Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonPrivateSchoolsin．TheessayshouldbebasedontheOutlinebelow：Title：PrivateSchoolsinTheTheYourPartI．Reading1【答案】2【答案】【解析】细节题。选项A“environmentalconservation”在第一段中有提到，选项B“audienceawareness”句话，只有选项C在文中并未写道。故正确答案为C。3【答案】【解析】推理题。文中第二段列举了engineer、certifiedpublicaccountant和dentist等若想取得各自的所需则要能得当。由此可推出选项B是错误的，并不是说你是engineer，就需要得当，而重点在于有所需，即如果你想对他人产生影响。故选项D更具概括性，即为正确答案。4【答案】【解析】推理题。在第二段中提到engineer要想拓展自己的事业，就要能得当，以及后面提高的certifiedpublicaccountant和dentist等。这些例子实际上告诉了我们得当，机会就更好。故正确答5【答案】【解析】细节题。该题的信息出现在第三段的最后两句上。最后一句是对前一句中“youmaynotbecontentmerelytogetthroughthetaskadequay.”的解释，即完成并非我们的最终期望，我们期望通过“increaselisteners’understandingortopersuadethem”，显然听众的理解才是最重要的。故正确【难句1Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercise看到的“toexercisepower”。此外，句中的“enoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothers”是用来修饰主语的。【难句2解析】Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees,orhemustserveasaspokes forconsultantteamspresentingresultstoagenciesoutsidethe.充当”【难句3解析】Tobeabletoincreaselisteners’understandingortopersuadethemisoneofthemostcivilizedwaysweasindividualshaveforaffectingourenvironment．第一个to表示目的，“beableto是一个短语，意为“能够，会”，句中的“as”是“作为”的意思。整个句子是一个宾语从句，在“weas…”前省略了引导词which或that。6【答案】【解析】分析题。根据第一句中的isworriedaboutcurrentresentmentthroughouttheworldtowardtheriseofglobalization.”可分析出，MichaelTenet对全球化的态度是焦虑不安的。故正确答案为C。7【答案】的观点是和第二段的内容是相悖的，而第二段正是MichaelTenet的观点，他们的观点是相反的。故正8【答案】的JaniceYawed显然是一个佐证。故正确答案为B。9【答案】【解析】细节题。第五段的第一句就是该题的答案，其中的“mixedresponses”与选项A“amixedblessing”同义，故正确答案为A。10【答案】就基本可推知，本文是讲人们对全球化冲击的不同反应。当然也可从后面各段不同人的观点可知正确答案为C。【难句1解析】Theriseofglobalization,bothaneconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughouttheworld，hasforgednewgroundasweenterthe21stcentury．分句“bothaneconomicandculturaltrend…”是主语“Theriseofglobalization的补足语，是对主语的进一步说明，同时它本身又有that引导的主语【难句2解析】Withoutfurtherinterventionbyernments,wecouldseeatragedyexpressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia．这是一个典型的条件状语从句，引导词是without。后面的“expressedinanincreasedlevelofpovertythroughouttheLatinAmericaandAsia”是一个宾语补足语，说明了“tragedy”指得是什么。【难句3解析】Whatismostimportantisthatbarrierstotradecontinuetofallsothatactivecompetitionforconsumergoodsreducespricesandinturnraisestheaveragelevelof e.这是一个主语从句，真正的主语是that后面引导的从句。该句中有两个重要短语，“sothat”意为“以至于，以使”，“inturn”意为“反过来，反之”。11【答案】【解析】细节题。根据第二段的第三句“In1910over600,000Blackworkers,...,thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.”可知，正确答案为C，即其依据是的一次人口12【答案】ofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.”，其中undercut意为降低，即因竞争工资是在降低的。故可判断正确答案为A13【答案】【解析】逻辑推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，“easyconclusion”是指“有乡村背景的人容易14【答案】15【答案】【难句1解析】Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved，thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors.该句中，It引导的是一个主语从句，真正的主语是that引导的从句，主语较长。“whathascometobecalled【难句2解析】Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant'ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.urbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills”是一个宾语补足语，对“ruralbackground【难句3解析】Thus，amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed，andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion．subsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgrounds”。“comeintoquestion这里意为“成为值得讨论的问16【答案】enlighteningparents.Themanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyearsaswellasnewwaysofreportingpupilsprogress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterybetweenschoolandhome.”，由此可推知，18【答案】误，抱怨他们的懒惰和欠佳的劳动技巧，并建议在家里予以处罚或。”，而应让老师作为职业的19【答案】【解析】推理题。根据第四段的末尾“HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget，buyingthefood，usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome，settingtheclock，calculatingageonatrip，andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.”和第五段“Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice．itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematicsand，atthesametime，enjoyingthework.”可知，让孩子参入和算术有关的让人感的活动能提高他们的算术能力。这意味着“participationininterestingactivitiesrelatingtoaschoolsubjectimprovesone'sachievementinthatarea.”，故正确答案为20【答案】述了老师对父母的合理引导能使孩子得到全面发展。因而，作者的初衷正是选项C所描述的内容，故【难句1解析】Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe，thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom．However是连接副词，引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterhow，这里用了表语倒装的形式。【难句2解析】HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget，buyingthefood，usingayardstickormeasuringcupathomesettingtheclockcalculatingageonatripandengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis．【难句3解析】Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,ntsideasparents'mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutofthethat引导了一个宾语从句，“themanyhours作“spends”Part21【答案】【解析】“urgency”意为“迫切，紧急”，“emergency”意为“紧急，突发”，“statement”意为“，陈述”，“bulletin”意为“简报，公告”。根据后面的“twiceaday（一天两次）”可推出，医生的应是简报，即对国王的病情一天两次的报告。故正确答案为D。22【答案】【解析】“arrival”意为“到来，到达”，“encounter”意为“遭遇，邂逅”，“endeavor”意为“努力，尽力”“refreshment”意为“爽快，提神物品”。根据题干中的语境，在机场和总统，可推知这里应是偶遇，邂23【答案】【解析】“flagrant”意为“非常的，的”，“small”意为“小的”，“barren”意为“缺乏的，贫瘠的”，“bright”意为“明亮的”。四个选项中只有选项C能与题意构成合理的搭配，即“这个树林在这个24【答案】25【答案】26【答案】【解析】“maple”意为“枫叶”，“marble”意为“大理石”，“marsh”意为“沼泽，湿地”，“margin”意为“余地，边缘”。“byacomfortablemargin”意为“时间充裕地，以较大多数的。”，正用在此处，译为“他27【答案】意为“命运，天意”。题干的意思是“许多人认为家庭是社区的”，即正确答案为A。28【答案】【解析】“panel”意为“面板”，“kernel”意为“，精髓”，“petition”意为“请求，祈愿”，“paragraph”【解析】“plead”意为“恳求，辩护”，“squash”意为“压扁，”，“exert”意为“发挥，运用”，“curse”意为“”。其中“plead”可与“for”搭配，即“pleadfor”，意为“为…辩护，恳求得到”，符合题意。故正30【答案】【解析】“objectivism”意为“客观主义”，“objection”意为“，异议”，“objective”意为“目标，目的”，“objectivity”意为“客观性”。可将四个选项分别代入，只有选项C比较合理，意为“他们只有一个目的，就是获取。”故正确答案为C。31【答案】【解析】“talkback”意为“顶嘴”，“sitin”意为“参加”，“standout”意为“站出来，突出”，“get32【答案】33【答案】【解析】“trap”意为“诱捕，使陷入困境”，“transnt