2019年外研版高中英语Unit1ANewStart

2019年外研版高中英语2019年外研版高中英语Unit1ANewStartBook1Unit1ANewStartI.Newwordsandexpressionssenioradj.(地位、水平或级别)高的，高级的，资深的；年长的seniorhighschool高中 juniorhighschool初中AseniorWhiteHouseofficialsaidtheagreementisclose.白宫的一位高级官员说即将达成协议。ThePrimeMinisterhasthepowertodismissandappointseniorministers.首相有权任免高级部长。n.上级；毕业班学生；较年长者；curiousadj.好奇的,求知欲强的，注意：curious一般不用very修饰，不用于比较级和最高级。Theboywascuriousabouteverythinghesaw.那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。Iamcurious(about)howshewillreceivethenews.我很想知道她如何接受那消息。Iamcurioustoknowwherehestays.我很想知道她呆在哪。curiosityn.好奇心；好奇；稀奇的人或物Ihadtoexplainthereasonstosatisfyhiscuriosity.我只好解释原因来满足他的好奇心。Curiosityispartofthechildren’snature.好奇是儿童的天性。impressionn.印象Shemadeagood/bad/deepimpressiononhismother.她给他母亲留下了很好的印象。What’syourfirstimpressionofourschool?impressv.使...有印象WhatimpressyoumostwhenyougotoBeijing?您去北京时以下哪一项对您影响最深刻？Sheimpressedmeasascholar.她给我留下了学者的印象。IhadachancetoimpressherwithmyefficiencybutImuffeditup.我本来有机会使她对我的办事效率有印象,但是我错过了这个机会。impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的Yourworkisveryimpressive.您的工作真了不起。Thereportsoundsimpressivebutit’sreallynothingbutempty.这篇报告听起来冠冕堂皇，实际上空洞无物。campusn.校园traditionn.传统Theystillfollowthetraditionoftheirfathers.他们仍然继承着他们祖先的传统。Itisatraditionthatwomengetmarriedinlongwhitedresses.妇女结婚时穿白色长礼服是个传统风俗。traditionaladj.传统的Thetraditionalbreakfastinthisareaincludesbaconandeggs.这个地区传统的早饭包括火腿和鸡蛋。I’mnotfamiliarwithtraditionalsayings.facilityn.设施Theschoolhasexcellentsportingfacilities.这所学校有极好的体育设备。momentn.片刻；瞬间I’llbebackinamoment.我一会儿就回来。Hethoughtforamomentandthenspoke.他想了片刻，然后说。常见短语atanymoment随时HetoldmeIcouldcallhimatanymoment.他告诉我随时可以给他打电话。atthelastmoment在最后的时刻Toeverybody’sdelight,shearrivedatthelastmoment.使大家感到高兴的是,她在最后一刻赶到了。atthemoment止匕亥山目前，现在I’mafraidI’mtoobusyatthemomenttoseeanyone.很遗憾,我此刻太忙,不能去见任何人。foramoment一会儿IhadtothinkforamomentbeforeIrememberedhisname.我想了一会儿才记起他的名字。forthemoment暂时Sheisout,soyoumayusehercomputerforthemoment.她出去了,你可以暂时使用她的电脑。inamoment立亥|I’lljoinyouinthediscussioninamoment.我一会儿和你们一起讨论。themoment一 就(二theminute;theinstant;thesecond)Iwanttoseeherthemomentshearrives.她一到我就要见她。authorn.作者，作家eagernessn.渴望，热切Sheshowsgreateagernessforsuccess.她显得十分渴望成功。eageradj.Whenmyownsonwasfiveyearsold,Ibecameeagerforanotherbaby...我家儿子5岁的时候，我特别想再要一个孩子。RobertwaseagertotalkaboutlifeintheArmy.罗伯特很想谈谈陆军生活。explorev.考察，探险Theexpertsareexploringeverypartoftheisland.专家们正在勘查这个岛的各个部分。IjustwantedtoexploreParis.我就想逛逛巴黎。explorationn.探索,勘探onebyone=oneafteranother一个接一个地； 依次地Theylefttheclassroomonebyone.enginen.发动机，引擎engineern.工程师insectn.昆虫collectionn.收集；收藏品Thecollectionofthesestampstooktenyears.收集这些邮票花了十年时间。Thecollectionishousedinafinebuilding.这批收藏品存放在一座漂亮的房子里。collectv.收集；聚集；募捐；Heusedtocollectcards,butnowhelikestocollectstamps.他以前收集卡片,现在却喜欢收集邮票。organise=organizev.组织；安排；筹办Theyplannedtoorganizeascientificexpedition.他们计划组织一次科学考察。Themeetingwasbadly/wellorganized.会议组织得很糟/好。organizationn.机构；组织organizedadj.有组织的；系统的；有条理的；有安排的；nudgevt.轻推

Inudgedherandpointedtothemanacrossthestreet.我用肘碰了她一下并指了指街对面的那个男的。butterflyn.蝴蝶；butterfliesinmystomach感到焦虑不安，感到忐忑不安Idon’tknowwhyI’mhavingbutterfliesinmystomachthesedays.我不知道为什么这几天总感到忐忑不安。Ialwaysgetbutterfliesinmystomachbeforeatest.我总是在测试前感到紧张。ThefirsttimeIdatedwithagirlIhadbutterfliesinmystomach.第一次和女孩子约会，我心里忐忑不安。IwenttotheteacherwithbutterfliesinmystomachbecauseIwaslate.breathevi.呼吸Fishcannotbreatheoutofwater.鱼离开水就不能呼吸。InthemorningIopenthewindowwideandbreatheindeeply.早晨我敞开窗户,做深呼吸。breathn.呼吸；气息panicn.惊慌；恐慌,v.使…惊慌；感到恐慌;adj.恐慌的，惊慌的Therewasapanicwhenthebuildingcaughtfire. 大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。Thechildrenpanickedwhentheyrealizedtheywerelost.当孩子们认为迷路的时候,他们惊恐不安。Everyonewaspanicwhenthepolicearrivedheretosearchthebuilding.警方来搜查大楼时人人感到恐慌。inpanic惊慌地Shephonedthedoctorinpanic.她在惊慌中打电话给医生。in+名词在句中作方式状语insurprise惊讶地inregretinsurprise惊讶地inregret遗憾地inhorror惊恐地insadness悲伤地inhappiness高兴地inexcitement 兴奋地indelight高兴地inpanic惊慌地insorrow悲伤地inwonder惊讶地incomfort安慰地Theyopenedtheireyeswidelyandlookedattheresultinsurprise.他们睁大了眼睛惊讶地看着结果。challengen.挑战；邀请比赛；盘问；质疑v.向...挑战；盘问；质疑Exploringouterspaceisachallengetomankind.探索外太空是一项向人类发出的挑战。Heacceptedhisfriend’schallengetoswimacrosstheriver.他接受朋友提出的挑战，游过这条河。Nowadaysnoonewillchallengethefactthattheearthisround.现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.我要求同他下盘棋。Hechallengedustotryagain.他向我们挑战,要我们再试试。challengingadj.挑战性的；Shefindshernewjobverychallenging.她感到新工作很有挑战性。I’mreadytodoallthosethingsthataremorechallenging.我愿意接受更大的挑战。pressuren.压强；压力；压迫Myfathersuffersfromhighbloodpressure.我父亲有高血压。Thepressureofworkwastoomuchforhim.工作的压力使他承受不了。pressv.按；压；逼迫；Pressthisbuttonincaseoffire.遇火灾时按下此钮。calmadj.平静的；冷静的；镇静的Youshouldkeepcalmeveninfaceofdanger.即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。v.使镇定；使平静；Beforetheperformanceeverybodyheldadeepbreathtocalmdownthemselves.上台表演前,每个人都屏住呼吸,让自己平静下来。Movedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardlycalmdown.由于被她那些话所感动,他很难平静下来。descriptionn.描述Thesceneryisbeautifulbeyonddescriptions.那风景美丽得难以形容。Hegaveadescriptionofwhathehadseen.他描述了他所见到的一切。describevt.描述；说成；形容Thepoliceaskedmetodescribeexactlyhowithappened.警察让我描述一下这事是怎样发生的。Hedescribeshimselfasadoctor.他自称是医生。Itisverydifficulttodescribemyjoyinwords.我的快乐难以用语言来形容。confidentadj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的beconfidentin对某人/某事有信心Iamconfidentinmyself.我对自己有信心!beconfidentof/about对做什么事情有信心Heisconfidentabouthisfuture.Heisconfidentofgettingthefirstplace.他对拿第一有信心。confidencen.postern.海报badmintonn.羽毛球draman.戏剧,戏曲；戏剧艺术bandn.乐队，乐团debaten.讨论，辩论vt.争论；思考vi.辩论Wehadalongheateddebateastowhetherweshouldspendsomuchmoneyonspacetechnology.至于我们要否花那么多钱在太空技术上,我们热烈地辩论了很久。Idon’twishtodebatemyopinionswithyou.我不想就我的看法同你辩论。Thisisaquestionthattheyhaveoftendebated.这是个他们常讨论的问题。gymn.体育馆，健身房pianon.车钢琴Sheislearningtoplaythepiano.她在学弹钢琴。pianistn.钢琴家stagen.舞台，阶段Shestoodaloneontheenormousstage.她孤零零地站在巨大的舞台上。Hewassufferingfromcancerwhichhadalreadyreachedanadvancedstage.他的癌症已经到晚期了。photographyn.摄影photon.照片inneradj.内心的；内部的；里面的Icouldnotguesswhathisinnerthoughtmightbe.我真猜不出他的内心想法。pm下午am上午arguev说服；争论；辩论Iarguehimintotakingarest.我劝他休息一下。Wearguedwiththewaiteraboutthepriceofthemeal.2019年外研版高中英语Unit1ANewStart我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱.argumentn.topicn.主题（等于theme）；TheweatherisaconstanttopicofconversationinBritain.在英国，天气是交谈中永恒的话题。sharpadj.敏锐的，锋利的；突然的；灵敏的；Thegirlissharpatmusic.这个女孩对音乐的感受力很灵敏。Thisknifeisverysharp.这把小刀很锋利。Theroadisfullofsharpturns.那条路有许多急转弯。dinosaurn.恐龙dolphinn.海豚intelligentadj.聪明的；智能的Hewasanintelligentchild.他是一个聪明的孩子。Ifyouwanttomaketheintelligentchoice,trustmeonthis.如果你想做出聪明的选择，那就相信我吧。intelligencen.智力；investigatev.调查；研究TheITteamareinvestigatingthecauseoftoday'ssystemfailure.我们的技术团队正在调查造成今天系统故障的原因。investigationn.Theaccidentisunderinvestigation.这一事故正在调查之中。variousadj.各种各样的Hedecidedtoleaveschoolforvariousreasons.由于各种各样的原因,他决定离开学校。varietyn.多样；种类；多样化volunteern.志愿者，义务工作者Sheoftendoesvolunteerlabourduringholidays.放假时她常去参加义务劳动.voluntaryadj.自愿的，自发的； 志愿的Inhersparetimeshedoesvoluntarywork.她在业余时间做义工。gainv.获得Shegainedrichexperienceinteaching.她获得了丰富的教学经验。applyvt.应用；vi.申请；2019年外研版高中英语2019年外研版高中英语Unit1ANewStartWeshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsoknowhowtoapplyittopractice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。Morethan30peopleappliedfortheposition.有30多个人申请这个职位。Heappliedtostaythere.他申请留在那儿。Theyappliedtothegovernmentforfinancialhelp.他们向政府申请经济援助。applyoneselfto（专心致力于，专心从事），其中的to是介词，其后接名词或动名词SheappliedherselftolearningEnglish.她专心学习英语。applicantn.申请者Therearethreeapplicantsforthejob.有三个人申请这项工作。applicationn.申请（不可数）；申请书（可数）；Applicationmustbemadethisafternoon.申请必须在今天下午提出。Wereceived60applicationsforthejob.对这项工作我们收到60个人的求职申请。schedulen.时间表，日程表；一览表；计划表，Haveyoumadetheexaminationschedule?你已经安排了考试日程吗?awardn.奖品；奖Thechildsmiledathisteacherashereceivedtheaward.孩子接过奖品时朝老师微笑着。v.授予；给予；判给Thechampionwasawardedthegoldmedal.冠军被授予了金牌。Theuniversityawardedhimanhonorarydegree.这所大学授给他名誉学位。opportunityn.机会；时机Youmustgrasp/seizethisopportunity.你必须抓住机会。hintn.暗示；提示；示意;征兆；迹象subscribevt.订阅viewn.视野；见解；风景；检查,观看，眺望Hisviewoflifeisdifferentfromyours.他的人生观与你的不同。Ienjoytheviewofthebayinthestarlight.我喜欢星光下的海湾风景。v.考虑；看；把...视为Wecanviewtheprobleminmanyways.我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。formeradj.前者的；前任的；以前的Mr.HeathistheformerPrimeMinisterofBritain.希思先生是英国前任首相。IpaidavisittomyformerEnglishteacher.我拜访了我以前的英语老师。graduatev.毕业HewillgraduatefromtheschoolinMay.他将要在五月份毕业。n.毕业生HeisagraduateofTokyoUniversity.他是东京大学的毕业生。graduationn.毕业Aftergraduation,helivesonhisown.毕业后他就独立生活了。Johnwasaskedtodeliveraspeechonthegraduation.约翰被邀请在毕业典礼上发表演讲。orientationn.情况介绍；（学生）迎新会TodayisOrientationDayatmyschool.Unluckily,itisraining.However,thefreshmenarestillveryexcited.今天是我们学校的迎新日！frightenedadj.受惊的,害怕的Thefrightenedchildgrippedhismother’sarm.这个受惊的孩子紧紧地抓着妈妈的胳膊。frighteningadj.令人恐惧的；令人害怕的Ican'tforgetthatfrighteningexperience.我无法忘记那段令人恐惧的经历。frightenvt.使惊吓；使惊恐Thelittlebabywasfrightenedbythefiercedog.那个小孩被恶狗吓坏了。sightn.视力；看见Thetrainisstillinsight.火车仍在视线内。Hewaveduntiltheywereoutofsight.他挥手直到他们看不见了为止。Theyfellinloveatthefirstsight.他俩一见钟情。Heneverfleesawayatthefirstsightofdanger.他从不一见危险就跑。figuren.图形；数字；外形；体型Ourtextbookhasmanyfigurestohelpexplainthelessons.我们的教科书有许多图表帮助解释课文。Isawafigureinthedarkness.我看到暗处有一个人影.Wheredidyougetthosefigures?你从哪儿得到那些数字的?Shehasanattractivefigure.她有迷人的曲线.v.认为；演算；领会到Wefiguredthathewouldarriveataroundtwoo’clock.我们估计他将在两点钟左右到达。figureoutvt.算出；想出Theboycan’tfigureouttheproblems.这个男孩做不出这道题。goallout全力以赴Thepolicearegoingallouttostoptheviolence．警察们正全力以赴制止这场暴力。We'llgoallouttohelpyouthroughthickandthin（不顾艰难险阻；历尽千辛万苦）.我们将竭尽全力帮助你克服一切艰难险阻。selectv.选择;挑选;SheletshersonselecthisownChristmaspresent.她让儿子自己选择圣诞礼物。particularadj.特定的；特殊的；特别的；挑剔的Ihavenothingparticulartodothisevening.今晚我没有什么特殊的事要做。Shehasaparticularinterestinpainting.她特别爱好绘画。She’sveryparticularaboutwhatshewears.她对衣著很讲究。inparticular特别；尤其Ilikeoneofthemagazinesinparticular.我特别喜欢其中的一本杂志。Thedirectorstressedthatpointinparticular.厂长尤其强调了那一点。rainbown.彩虹Wesawabeautifulrainbowacrosstheskyaftertherain.雨后我们看到了一条五彩缤纷的彩虹横贯天空。neatadj.整洁的；简洁的；极好的Thepavementoneachsidewascrowdedwithneatsmilingpeople.人行道两旁满是衣着整齐、面带微笑的人们。Itwasaveryneatjob.干得真利索。specificadj.明确的，具体的；特殊的；特定的Hegaveusveryspecificinstructions.他给我们做了非常明确的指示。Wehaven’tfixedaspecificdateforourmeeting.我们会议的具体日期还没有定下来。refervt.把...提交；把...归因；归类Youshouldreferthismattertotheheadofficeforadecision.你应当把这事提交总部去决定。Hereferredallhistroublestobadluck.他将他的一切麻烦都归因于运气不好。vi.参考；谈及；咨询2019年外研版高中英语2019年外研版高中英语Unit1ANewStart 2019 2019年外研版高中英语Unit1ANewStartYoucanrefertoadictionaryifnecessary.如果有必要，你可以参考字典。Don’trefertothismatteragainplease.请不要再提这件事了。Thespeakerfrequentlyreferredtohisnotes.那位演讲者一再参考他的讲稿。journaln.日志；日记；期刊HekeptajournalduringhisvisittoJapan.他在访问日本期间坚持记日记。journal,diary这两个词的共同意思是“日记”。其区别在于:diary通常指“一天不漏地”；journal则倾向于“札记”，不一定每天都写，也不像diary那样有很大的隐私性，它往往指“对日常琐事的客观记录”和“读书随笔”。例如:Thepolicegoteverythingoutofhisdiary.警察从他的日记中知道了一切。Forthreemonthshehadkeptajournal.三个月来他写了一本札记。strugglevi.努力；奋斗；斗争；挣扎Hestruggledtocontrolhistemper.他努力控制住自己的脾气。Let’sjoinhandsandstruggletogether.咱们携起手来共同斗争。Peoplestruggleatthedead-line.人们在死亡线上挣扎。n.斗争；竞争；奋斗Hegaveupthestruggleindespair.他绝望地放弃了斗争。Afteralongstruggle,shegainedcontrolofthebusiness.她经过长期的努力，在业务上已能应付自如。memorizev.记住；Actorshavetomemorizetheirlines.演员们不得不记住台词。OfcourseyouhavetolearnalotandyouhavetomemorizealotofEnglishwords.当然必须学习很多东西，必须记下很多英语单词。Hecouldmemorizenothing.他什么也记不住。memorize,remember这两个词都可表示“记住”。它们的区别是：memorize通常表示本身需要加强记忆、记熟;remember表示的是事物较长时间留在记忆中，是可记得的、可想起的、可回忆起来的。Icanrememberhisaddress.skateboardingn.滑板运动；Skateboardingisachallengingdangeroussport.滑板运动是一项很有挑战性很危险的运动。forwardadv.向前地Shesteppedforwardinordertoseeclearly.她向前走了一步以便能看得更清楚。lookforwardto展望，期待（后接名词或动词的ing形式）Welookforwardtothereturnofspring.我们期待着春天的到来。Welookforwardtoseeingyouagain.我们期待着再见到你。committeen.委员会Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委员会已决定辞退他。Thecommitteewhowereresponsibleforthisdecisionwouldconsideritoveragain.对这一决定负责的委员会重新考虑它的。improvevt.改善；改进；提高IwanttoimprovemyEnglish.我想提高我的英语水平。Heofferedasuggestiontoimprovetheplan.他提出一个建议,以改进那项计划。vi.变得更好；改进IhopetheweatherwillimprovebeforeFriday.我希望星期五之前天气会好转。Wineimproveswithage.酒存放得越久越醇。ratev.认为；估价；Thenovelwasratedabrilliantperformance.这部小说被认为是一部出色的作品。Hishousewasratedatonemillion.他的房屋被估价为一百万英镑。performancen.表演；实行；表现；履行Thepianistgaveafineperformance.钢琴家演奏得很出色。performv.执行；履行；表演；运转；举行Theyalwaysperformtheirdutiesfaithfully.他们总是忠实地履行自己的职责。Heisgoingtoperformmagicattheparty.他将在晚会上表演魔术。exchangev.交换；兑换ThetwogirlsalwaysexchangedChristmasgifts.两个女孩经常交换圣诞礼物。MayIexchangeseatswithyou?我和你调一个座位好吗?Weexchangedouropinionsabouttheeventatthemeeting.在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。I’dliketoexchangesomepoundsfordollars.我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。II.Startingoutvideon.视频bedifferentfromTheirschoolisdifferentfromours.他们的学校与我们的不同。questionnairen.调查表；问卷Wegavethemsomequestionnairesforcollectingdata.为了收集数据我们发给他们一些调查表。share…withLiPingandIsharedthesameroomatcollege.上大学时，李平和我同住一室。MayIsharetheumbrellawithyou?Whatdoyouthinkof…？return…toHehasreturnedtoChinafromJapan.Whattimedoesyourhusbandreturnhomefromwork?你丈夫什么时候下班回家？YoushouldreturnthebooktothelibraryonMonday.formteacher班主任,年级主任TheEnglishpaperwassetbyourformteacher.英语试卷是我们的班主任出的。Iwasveryexcitedonmyfirstdayatseniorhigh.excited,nervous,happy,curious,proud,III.UnderstandingIdeasMyFirstDayatSeniorHighAfterIhadpictureditoverandoveragaininmymind,thebigdayfinallyarrived:myfirstdayatseniorhigh!Iwokeupearlyandrushedoutofthedoorinmyeagernesstogettoknowmynewschool.ThecampuswasstillquietwhenIarrived,soIdecidedtoexploreabit.IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.“Newhere？”Turningaround,Isawawhite-hairedman.“Yes,”Ireplied.“I’mwonderingwhatlifeisgoingtobelikehere.”“Don’tworry,”hegavemeasmile.“You’llsoonfindout.”Howtruethesewordswere!WhenmyEnglishteachersteppedintotheclassroom,IwassurprisedtoseethesamemanIhadmetearlier.“Goodmorning,everyone.Beforewestart,pleasecometothefrontonebyoneandintroduceyourselftotheclass.I’llgofirst...”“What？!”Itriedtoturnonmybrainbuttheenginejustwouldn’tstart.“Ishouldsaymyname,ofcourse.Butwhatelse?WhatcouldIsaytomakeagoodfirstimpression?Somethingaboutmyinsectcollection,perhaps.”Iwasorganisingmywordsinmyheadwhenthegirlnexttomegavemeanudge.“It’syourturn!”Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Ibreatheddeeply.“Hi,I’mMengHao.”Everyonestartedlaughing.Ilookedattheminpanic.“Nicetoknowwesharethesamename,”saidmynewteacher.Ihadbeentoonervoustopayattentionwhenheintroducedhimself!AlthoughIwasembarrassed,hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed!Whenwehadallintroducedourselves,Mr.Mengsaid,“Welldone,everyone!Iknowthisisn’teasyformanyofyou.Butthisisjustthekindofthingyouaregoingtofaceatseniorhigh.Challengeslikethismightsometimesputyouunderpressure.Butitalldependsonwhatyoudo.Keepcalmandbeprepared.Thatway,you’llmakethemostofyourtimeatseniorhigh.”Peoplesay,“Wellbegun,halfdone.”Iguessthiswasagoodbeginningtomynewschoollife.includein把…包括进Iwillincludeyouinmydiary.AfterIhadpictureditoverandoveragaininmymind,thebigdayfinallyarrived:myfirstdayatseniorhigh!.picturevt.想象(=imagine)；Ican’tpicturethelifewithouttheInternet..overandoveragain(二repeatedly)一再；再三； 反复不断地Wewillconsidertheproblemoverandoveragain.这个问题我们还需再三斟酌。.过去完成时：过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态(亦可以说是“过去的过去")。过去完成时由had加过去分词构成。Janehadjustleftwhenyourang.你打电话时简刚走。Afterwehadlanded,theplanewassearchedthoroughly.我们降落后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。Whensheheardthatherfatherhaddiedintheaccident,sheburstoutcrying.当她听说她父亲在那次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。Hesaidhehadbeentherebefore.他说他曾经去过那里。Werealizedwehadlostourway.我们意识到我们迷路了。Bysixo'clocktheyhadworkedfor8hours.到6点钟他们已经工作了8小时了。与过去完成时连用的时间状语：already（已经），yet（仍然），still（还），just（刚刚），hardly…when（刚 就），scarcely…before（刚 就），ever（曾经），never（从来没有）等，也可以是by（不迟于），before（在 之前），until（直到），assoonas（一……就）等引导的词组或从句：WhenIcamebackatmidnightshestillhadn'tfinished.我半夜回来时，她还没有做完。Thegamehadhardly/scarcely/barelybegunwhenitstartedraining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。ByTuesdayhehadn'tdoneit.到星期二他还没有做完。Iwokeupearlyandrushedoutofthedoorinmyeagernesstogettoknowmynewschool..wake-woke-woken.rushv.冲Donotrushoryoumayhaveanaccident.不要这么赶,否则你可能会出事。Aftertheaccidentthemanwhowashurtwasrushedtohospital.事故发生后，受伤者被急忙送往医院。Thereoughttobemorebusesduringtherushhour.高峰期间应该多开几趟公共汽车.Ifpossible,avoidtravelingduringthemorningrushhour.如果可能的话，最好不要在早高峰时间旅行。.inone'seagerness热切地Sheroseinhereagernesstointroduceherself.她异常激动地站起身来介绍自己。.gettoknowgettoknow和know的区另1」know形容一个事实/状态。cometoknow和gettoknow意思差不多，逐渐了解/开始了解。Wegottoknoweachotherfiveyearsago.Iknowthisperson.Heworksinmyoffice.HisnameisJohn.ThecampuswasstillquietwhenIarrived,soIdecidedtoexploreabit..decidetodo英语中有些动词要求后跟动词不定式作宾语。常见的有afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,hope,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want等。Idecidetoworkhardandgetdoctor’sdegree.Herefusedtoanswerthatquestion..abit口语,(时间,程度)稍微,常做副词使用。Waitabit.请等一下.That’sabittooexpensive.那有点太贵了。IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme..onthenoticeboard介词短语作后置定语，修饰thephotos.Thegirlinaredcoatismysister..过去进行时：主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，由was/were加现在分词构成。Allthepupilswerewritingtheirhomeworkintheclassroomatnineyesterdayevening.—Whatwereyoudoingatabout4o’clockyesterdayafternoon?—Iwaslisteningtomusic.过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，强调动作的连续性。一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，即用一般过去时只表示有过这件事或比较短暂的动作：Hetalkedtohisgirlfriendonthephoneyesterday.昨天他和女朋友通过电话。HewastalkingtohisgirlfriendonthephonewhenIcamein.我进来时，他在和女朋友通电话。.was/weredoingwhen…Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenshewalkedin.Tomwaslisteningtomusicwhentheteachercameintotheclassroomtoday.Turningaround,Isawawhite-hairedman..现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语。这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。作时间状语Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(=Whentheyheardthenews,they...)听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。Walkingslowlyacrossthegrass,hepointedthegunatthelionandfired.他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。Oneday,whilewalkingalongthesandstowardshisboat,Crusoesawinthesandthemarkofaman’sfoot.有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。作方式状语或伴随状语Butlater,peopledevelopedawayofprinting,usingrocks.但是以后，人们利用石块发展了印刷术。Heearnsalivingbydriving.他靠开卡车谋生。Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。Thesixblindmenstoodtherebeggingforameal.Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。作原因状语Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。Nothavingdone(=Ashehasnotdone)hishomework,hestayedathome.由于他没完成作业，只好呆在家里。.过去分词作状语：过去分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。过去分词短语作状语一般都用逗号同其它成分隔开。.作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。Seenfromthetopofthehill(=Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill),theschoollookslikeabiggarden.从山上看，这个学校像个大花园。.作条件状语时，可转换为once,if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。Givenmoreattention(=Ifitwasgivenmoreattention),thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.如果多注意一些，这场大火本来能避免的。.作原因状语时，可转换为because,as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。Encouraged(=Asshewasencouraged)bytheteacher,thegirlwasveryhappy.由于被老师鼓励，这个女孩儿非常高兴。.作让步状语时，可转换为though,although或evenif引导的从句，常放在句首。Left(=Althoughshewasleft)aloneathome,Jennydidn’tfeelafraidatall.尽管被单独留在家里，但是珍妮一点都不害怕。.作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。Surroundedbyhisstudents,theteacherwentintothelab.（=Theteacherwassurroundedbyhisstudentsandhewentintothelab.）这个老师被学生们环绕着走进了实验室。.过去分词（短语）作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when,while,if,though,asif,unless等。Whengivenaphysicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.做体检的时候，你应该保持镇静。.white-haired是由形容词+名词+ed构成的复合形容词。常见的有warm-hearted热情的；bad-tempered脾气坏的； short-sighted近视的；kind-hearted好心肠的；warm-blooded动物温血的； cold-blooded动物冷血的；fresh-faced面带稚气的；middle-aged中年的I’mwonderingwhatlifeisgoingtobelikehere..现在进行时：表示说话时正在进行的动作。由be+现在分词（即动词ing形式）Look!Atrainiscoming.看，火车来了。Listen!Heisplayingthepiano.听，他在弹琴。其他用法①.表示现阶段正在进行的事情，不一定说话时正在进行。Whatlessonareyoustudyingthisweek?你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）②.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即用现在进行时代替一般将来时，动词一般多为表示位置移动的动词。如：go,come,leave等。Heisleavingtomorrow.AreyougoingtoTianjintomorrow?你明天去天津吗?Howmanyofyouarecomingtothepartynextweek?你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？③.现在进行时与always,forever等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。如：You’realwaysinterruptingme!你老打断我的话!（抱怨）Myfatherisalwayslosinghiscarkeys.我爸老丢车钥匙。（不满）She’salwayshelpingpeople.她老是帮助别人。（赞扬）.现在分词变化规则：①.一般情况，在动词词尾加上-ingo如：jump----jumping②.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing。如：have havingwrite writing make makingtaste tasting

come comingtake taking hope hoping③.以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。stop stop stoppingrun runningget getting run running cut cuttingshop shopping swim swimming set setting④.以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y加ing。die dying lie lying tie tying.what作介词like的宾语。.begoingto结构Don’tworry..祈使句的概念：表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形，不能用其他形式。如：Shutthedoor!把门关上!Haveacupofcoffee!喝杯咖啡吧!Letthemgobytrain.叫他们坐火车去吧。祈使句的主语通常为第二人称you，一般都省略，只有强调时才把主语you说出来。如：Youbequiet!你安静！Yougoandtellhim,Chris.克立斯，你去告诉他。Youwaithereforamoment.你在这儿等一会儿。有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody等不定代词。如：Standup,everybody!全体起立!Nobodymove.任何人都不许动。.祈使句的否定式构成祈使句否定式就在动词原形前加don't。如：Openthewindow.把窗户打开。-Don'topenthewindow.别把窗户打开。ComenextMonday.下周星期一来。一Don'tcomenextMonday.下周星期一别来。如果强调主语有，应该说Don'tyou…如：Don'tyoucomenextMonday.对于以letus或let's开头的祈使句，其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如：Let'stellhimthetruth.我们把实情告诉他吧。-Let'snottellhimthetruth.我们不要把实情告诉他。.祈使句与please连用为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉，我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please——若加在句首，其后不用逗号；若加在句末，则通常会在please前加一个逗号。如：Stepthisway,please.请这边走。Pleasetypeyourletter.请把你的信打出来。Openthewindow,please.请把窗户打开。如果是否定祈使句，则通常将please加在don,t之前。如：Pleasedon’tgetangry.请不要生气。Pleasedon’ttelephonebefore8a.m.早8点以前请不要打电话。④.祈使句的时间概念祈使句所表示的时间总是指将来，所以与它连用的句子原则上要用将来时态来与它呼应。如：Givemeahand,willyou?帮我一个忙，好吗?Tryagainandyouwillsucceed.你再试就会成功。Don’tdothatagainoryou’llbeintrouble.别再干那个了，否则你会有麻烦。You'llsoonfindout..findout(尤指通过努力)发现，找出，查明；TheteacherfoundoutthatTomhadcheatedintheexam.老师发现汤姆考试作弊。Theyhavefoundoutthetruth.他们已经查明了真相。.一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作。经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours,time等表示将来的词联用。结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.注意：①.变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?②.变否定句在助动词后面加not。willnot缩写为won,t。IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.③.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill./No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill./No,hewillnot.④.特殊疑问句Whatwillyoudo?Howtruethesewordswere!感叹句由what和How引导。.以what引导的感叹句，一般有三种形式。①.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！如：Whatagoodgirlsheis!她是个多么好的一个女孩啊！②.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：Whatbadweatherisit?多么糟糕的天气啊！③.What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语。如：Whatgoodstudentstheyare!他们是多么好的学生啊！.how引导的感叹句也有三种结构形式。此时how是副词，用来修饰其后的形容词或副词，也可以修饰动词。①.How+形容词+主语+谓语！如：Howhotitistoday!今天多么热呀！②.How+副词+主语+谓语！如：Howfastheruns!他跑得多么快呀！③.How+主语+谓语！如：Howtimeflies!光阴似箭！WhenmyEnglishteachersteppedintotheclassroom,IwassurprisedtoseethesamemanIhadmetearlier..stepinto=walkinto.besurprisedtodosth.Shewassurprisedtofindshewaslost..时间状语从句在主从复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when,while,as,after,before,since,until等词弓I导。.when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。如：Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。（瞬时动词）WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。并列连词when常用与以下句型中：⑴…was/weredoing…when…（正在做…突然）IwastakingawalkwhenIcameacrosshim.⑵…was/wereabouttodo…when…（刚要做…突然）Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantotrain.⑶…was/wereonthepointofdoing…when…（刚要做…突然）Hewasonthepointofleavingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.⑷…hadjustdone…when….（刚一…就）Ihadjustfallenasleepwhenthedoorbellrang.⑸Hardly/Scarcelyhad…done…when…（刚一…就）Hardlyhadheseenmewhenheranaway.他一看见我就跑了。.while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。如：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）.as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：Wealwayssingaswewalk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边 一边”）Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）.由before和after引导的时间状语从句，表示两个动作一前一后发生。如：Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他们要过四天才能回来。Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。如：Ididn'tgotobeduntil(till)myfathercameback.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。.由si