脑和脊髓的被膜血管课件整理

脑和脊髓的被膜血管聪明出于勤奋，天才在于积累脑和脊髓的被膜血管脑和脊髓的被膜血管聪明出于勤奋，天才在于积累脑和脊髓的被膜与血管

脑脊液循环

TheMeningesandBloodVessels

ofBrainandSpinalCord,

theCerebrospinalFluid

脑和脊髓的被膜

TheMeningesofBrainandSpinalCord

硬膜duramater蛛网膜arachnoid软膜piamater2、

脊髓蛛网膜Spinalarachnoidmater特点：缺乏血管和神经与脑蛛网膜相延续Subarachnoidspace蛛网膜下隙Terminalcistern

终池：

脊髓下端－S2水平内含马尾和终丝

腰穿蛛网膜下隙终池Lumbarspinalpuncture

3、Spinalpiamater

软脊膜特点：血管丰富，深入沟裂Filumterminale终丝Denticulateligament齿状韧带:齿状韧带脑的被膜

TheMeningesofBrain

Cerebralduralmater硬脑膜Cerebralarachnoidmater脑蛛网膜Cerebralpiamater软脑膜硬脑膜cerebralduralmater

1、特点坚韧、无弹性两层合成与颅盖骨连接疏松与颅底骨结合紧密2、形成结构：1）四个隔幕Cerebralfalx

大脑镰Tentoriumofcerebellum小脑幕Cerebellarfalx

小脑镰Diaphragmasellae

鞍隔2）Sinusesofduramater

硬脑膜窦

窦壁无平滑肌、内衬内皮、无瓣膜、Superiorsagittalsinus上矢状窦

Inferiorsagittalsinus下矢状窦

Straightsinus直窦

Confluenceofsinus窦汇Transversesinus横窦

Sigmoidsinus乙状窦Superiorpetrosalsinuses岩上窦inferiorpetrosalsinuses岩下窦Cavernoussinus海绵窦位置：蝶鞍两侧通过结构：颈内动脉动眼神经滑车神经眼神经上颌神经展神经与周围静脉的交通：蝶窦颈内动脉

Theflowingofthebloodinduralsinus硬脑膜窦的血液流注

Sup.sagittalsinus上矢状窦

Inf.sagittalsinus下矢状窦

Straightsinus直窦

Confluenceofsinus窦汇

Transversesinus横窦

Cavernoussinus海绵窦

Sup.petrosalsinus岩上窦

Inf.petrosalsinus岩下窦

Internaljugularvein

颈内静脉Sigmoidsinus乙状窦脑蛛网膜cerebralarachnoidmater特点：缺乏血管和神经、跨越沟裂（除外大脑纵裂和大脑横裂）Subarachnoidspace蛛网膜下隙Subarachnoidcisterns蛛网膜下池小脑延髓池脚间池桥池交叉池四叠体上池ABCDECerebellomedullarycistern

Arachnoidgranulations

蛛网膜粒上矢状窦硬脑膜脑蛛网膜软脑膜蛛网膜粒大脑镰软脑膜cerebralpiamater特点：富血管神经、深入沟裂脉络组织：在脑室的一定部位，软脑膜及其血管与室管膜上皮共同形成。

脉络丛Choroidplexus脑脊液循环

Circulationofcerebrospinalfluid(CSF)

CirculationofcerebrospinalfluidCSFdrainsfromlateralventricle侧脑室的脑脊液interventricularforamina室间孔thirdventricle第三脑室mesencephalicaqueduct中脑水管fourthventricle第四脑室medianandtwolateralapertures第四脑室正中孔和外侧孔subarachnoidspace蛛网膜下隙arachnoidgranulations蛛网膜粒superiorsagittalsinus上矢状窦Vein静脉脑和脊髓的血管

Bloodvessels

ofbrainandspinalcord

椎动脉脑的动脉的来源：Internalcarotidartery颈内动脉

供应：端脑前2/3、部分间脑Vertebralartery椎动脉

供应：端脑后1/3、部分间脑、脑干、小脑分支类型：皮质支、中央支颈内动脉颈内动脉

internalcarotidartery行径颈部、岩部、海绵窦部、前床突上部

虹吸部分支大脑前动脉

大脑中动脉

脉络丛前动脉后交通动脉大脑前动脉Anteriorcerebral皮质支中央支大脑中动脉Middlecerebralartery皮质支:中央支:大脑中动脉豆纹动脉后交通动脉脉络丛前动脉Anteriorchoroidalartery:后交通动脉Posteriorcommunicatingartery颈内动脉脉络丛前动脉椎动脉Vertebralartery脊髓前、后动脉

小脑下后动脉基底动脉basilarartery小脑下前动脉迷路动脉脑桥动脉小脑上动脉大脑后动脉

大脑后动脉PosteriorcerebralarteryCorticalbranches皮质支:Centralbranches中央支:大脑后动脉大脑前动脉Cerebralarterialcircle(circleofWillis)大脑动脉环Blockage

AreaofoxygendeprivesbrainThrombusPlaqueSubarachnoidhemorrhageMicroaneurysmLenticulostriatearteriesIntracerebralhemorhageArteriovenousmalformationVeinsofbrain

脑的静脉Superficialcerebralveins大脑浅静脉Drainbloodfromcortexandsubcorticalmedullarysubstanceandemptyintoadjacentsinusesofduramater脑的静脉无静脉瓣，不与动脉伴行，分浅、深组。Deepcerebralveins大脑静脉深组draindeeperpartsofhemispheres,basalnuclei,internalcapsule,diencephalonandchoroidplexus,ultimatelyformgreatcerebralvein大脑大静脉whichenterstraightsinusBloodvesselsofspinalcord脊髓的血管Arteriesofspinalcord脊髓的动脉来源

椎动脉：发出脊髓前、后动脉节段性动脉：Damagearea危险区:T1~T4,ventralpartofL1动脉冠

Spinalveins