高考英语二轮复习主谓一致学案（学生版）

高中英语人教版高三二轮复习主谓一致【问题查找】单项选择Onethirdoftheareacoveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetreesbeenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;hasThenumberofteachersinourcollegegreatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschoolfromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;isWhatthepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulationworkershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;isNotonlyhebutalsoweright.Heaswellasweright.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;areWhathe,dlikeadigitalwatch.Whathe'dliketextbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;isHeisoneoftheboyswhohereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhohereontime.A.hascome;havecome B.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascome D.havecome;havecomeEitheryouorheinterestedinplayingchess.youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;IsManyaprofessorlookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientistsstudiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;areAknifeandaforkonthetable.Aknifeandforkonthetable.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areHerfamilymuchlargerthanminefouryearsago.HerfamilydancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were【要点精讲】精讲一：主谓一致概述 （3分钟）1）语法形式上要一致，即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致；2）意义上要一致，即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。精讲二：语法一致 （20分钟）语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。（1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Eg.Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm. TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。Eg.WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.★apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语Eg.Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.(2)“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：Eg.YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/the+单数名词(人)+and+单数名词(人)+单数谓语a/the+单数名词(人)+and+a/the+单数名词(人)+复数谓语Eg.Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式：Eg.Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条 thestarsandstripes星条旗FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.(3)主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式:Eg.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager;alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Theteacher;aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.(4)each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Eg.Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.(5)由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：Eg.Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.(6)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：Eg.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.试比较：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.★"oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数(7)如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：Eg.Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.【注意】★people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.(8)在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致：Eg.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.精讲三：逻辑意义一致 (15分钟)逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。)(l)what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定:Eg.Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell. AllhavegonetoBeijing.(2)表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eg.Eighthoursofsleepisenough. Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.(3)复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：Eg.TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheThameshasalargepopulation.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如：mathematics,politics,physics,以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式:Eg.Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.Physicswashermajor.“定冠词the+形容词或分词。表示某一类人时，动词用复数:Eg.Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.精讲四：就近原则 (5分钟)就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。(1)当两个主语由or;either---or;neither---nor;whether---or---;notonly---butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：Eg.GeorgeorIamwrong.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.(2)therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导的句子用法相同)Eg.Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.精讲五：特别注意的用法 (15分钟)umanya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数:Eg.Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.(2)表示鸟兽鱼群的词，如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语，谓语用单数:Eg.Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Eg.Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连用时,谓语用单数：Eg.Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：Eg.Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.【注意】"thenumberof十复数名词十单数谓语”，表示“…的数目”：Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.aquantityof和quantitiesof后既可接可数名词复数形式也可接不可数名词;aquantityof…作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面的名词是否可数；而quantitiesof…作主语时，谓语动词总用复数形式。Eg.Alargequantityofbookshavebeenbought.Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,alargequantityofgoodearthisbeingwashedawayeachyear.=Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,largequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.【查漏补缺】单句语法填空。Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,(be)invitedtoperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.Allweneed(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.Kathieisreadingthenotewhich(be)leftinthedrawertheotherday.NeitherInorAmy(be)toattendthebusinessconferenceifwearebusy.Ourschoolalongwithmanyotherbrothermiddleschools(be)totakeanotherjointtestnextmonth.Todayanewformofcommunication"WeChatv,which(own)aChinesenameWeixin,isbecomingthemostinfluentialtextandvoicingtoolallovertheworld.Morethanonedoctor(be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth(be)beingwashedawayeachyear.Thisisbecausetwothirdsoftheearth'ssurface(be)madeupofvastoceans.【梳理优化】【强化巩固】单项选择.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichsavedforotherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereOne-thirdofthecountrycoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensblackpeople.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;isItisreportedthatmanyanewhouseatpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuiltTraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercuttingatthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibitedBarbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwhoeveningdress.A.wear B.wears C.haswornD.havewornSuchpoetsasShakespearewidelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,somedifficulttounderstand.A.are;areB.is;isC.are;is D.is;areAtpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairportthatitwillbringalotofjobstothearea.A.is B.areC.w川beD.wereProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureonthewesternculture,butwhenandwhereyet.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.haven'tdecidedC.isn'tbeingdecidedD.aren'tdecided9.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweekgoodforone'shealth.A.show;areB.shows;areC.show;isD.shows;areNowadays,thenumberofpeoplewhohungrybeengreatlyreduced.A.goes;haveB.goes;hasC.go;hasD.go;haveThoughthereonlyasmallquantityoffoodandwaterleft,theymanagedtoarriveatthedestination,safeandsound.A.is B.was C.were D.areTherenothingtotalkabout,soeveryoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.was B.had C.is D.hasWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.hasnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.isnotdecidingD.hasnotbeendecided14.Betweenthetwobuildingsamountain.A.standB.stands C.standingD.isstandingDisplayingfeelings,atonepoint,expressingthosefeelingthroughafacialreaction.A.ismeantB.meanC.aremeantD.meansThepolicedeterminedtobringbackthemissingboywhenhisfamilyalmostgivenupallhope.A.is;hasB.are;haveC.are;hasD.is;haveEverypossiblemeanstriedbutwithoutmuchresult.A.is B.are C.hasbeen D.havebeenHisfamilyabigone.NowthefamilywatchingTV.A.is;is B.are;areC.is;areD.are;isTheLeaguesecretaryandmonitoraskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.hasB.have C.are D.isNobodyexceptBillandJohnenteredthesecondroundoftheinterview.A.haveB.has C.havebeenD.hasbeenToplaybasketballandtogotoswimmingusefulforcharacter-training.A.was B.isC.are D.wereWeeachstrongpointsandeachofus,ontheotherhand,weakpoints.A.have;haveB.has;haveC.has;hasD.have;has【课后练习】单项选择HowandwhyJackcametoChinanotknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrarynotbeendecided.A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;haveNowTomtogetherwithhisclassmatesfootballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplayingTwohundredandfiftypoundstoounreasonableapriceforasecond-ha