(浙江省选考)10月高考英语专题一高频词汇分类集训与语篇训练话题十四热点话题

PAGEPAGE4话题十四热点话题1．accidentn．事故；偶然的事件，意外byaccident偶然地2．benefitv．有益于；有助于；受益n．优势；益处benefitfrom/by从……中受益beofbenefitto＝bebeneficialto对……有益forone’sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.为某人的利益3．challengevt.怀疑；挑战n．挑战；难题；质疑achallengeto对……的挑战challengesb.to(do)sth.向某人挑战(做)……4．competev．竞争；比赛competein...参加……的比赛competewith/against与……竞争competefor...为……角逐5．contributev．捐献；是……的原因之一；贡献；投稿contributeto有助于；导致；捐献makeacontribution/contributionsto对……做出贡献；捐款6．fortunen．财富；运气makeafortune发财；致富befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.在……方面运气好7．generaladj.普通的；大众的；总的；大体的ingeneral＝generallyspeaking总的来说；一般说来8．mercyn．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕showmercytosb./havemercyonsb.怜悯某人atthemercyof...任由……摆布；受……控制It’samercythat...……真是万幸。9．possibleadj.可能的；可接受的；合理的2．在失去引擎动力之后，船员们发现自己只能任凭风力摆布了。(mercy)Havinglostenginepower，theboat’screw.3．ThesestudentsarefortunatetohavesuchagoodEnglishteacher.(用it作形式主语改写)4．Thenewregulationwillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.①(用beneficial改写)②(用benefitfrom改写)③(用benefit改写)5．我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。(一句多译)①②(一)阅读理解Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone?AccordingtoastudyledbyNottinghamTrentUniversityinBritain，theaveragepersonlooksattheirphones86timesaday.Updatingtheirstatusonsocialmediaplatformsalsomadepeoplereachfortheirelectroniccompanionfrequently.Eventheparticipantsthoughtthatwasalot:thisfigureistwiceasoftenastheythoughttheydid.Ourphonesmightbeshapingourbehaviormorethanwerealize.Doyouactuallylookatyoursurroundingsmorethanatyourphone?Isitrudetocheckyourphonewhensomeoneistalkingtoyou?SherryTurkleinterviewedhundredsofcollegestudentsaboutthis.She’saprofessorofsocialstudiesattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theytalkedaboutsomethingtheycalled“theruleofthree”．Therulehastodowithbeingconsideratetoothersdespitetheallure(诱惑力)ofthelittleflatbox.Turkleexplains,“Ifyougotodinnerwithfriends，youdon’twanttolookdownatyourphoneuntilyouseethatthreepeoplearelookingupintheconversation.Sothere’sanewrulewhereyoudon’tlookdownunlessthreepeoplearelookingupinordertokeepalittleconversationalive.”Actually，ifyouarecleverenoughyoumightuseyourphoneasatooltoconnectwithpeoplenexttoyou.Sharingabitofyourlifewiththemcanbringyouclosertogether.Andyoucanalsoinviteeveryonetotakeaselfie(自拍照)withyou.Butthebestthingtodealwithmobilephoneaddictionistogocoldturkeyandleavethemachinebehindoccasionallyorjustswitchitoffandkeepitfirmlyinyourpocketforawhile.1．Whydoestheauthormention“Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone？”inthefirstparagraph?A．Tostresstheimportanceofmobilephones.B．Toencouragereaderstousemobilephonesmore.C．Tointroduceatopictobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs.D．Toknowhowreadersupdatetheirstatusonsocialmediaplatforms.2．IfJohnwasaparticipantusingthemobilephoneasoftenastheaverageinthestudy，howmanytimesdidhethinkhelookedathisphoneaweek?A．172. B．301.C．602. D．1204.3．What’sthepurposeof“theruleofthree”？A．Tokeepaconversationgoing.B．Tolookdownatyourphoneregularly.C．Totellreadershowtobeconsideratetoothers.D．Toremindreadersoftheimportanceofmobilephones.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherightwaytoavoidbeingaddictedtothemobilephone?A．Leavingithomesometimeswhenyougoout.B．GoingtoTurkeyforaholidayonceinawhile.C．Turnitoffonpurposenowandthen.D．Hideitsomewhereforthemoment.(二)七选五Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.5Ingeneral，theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.6Betweentheagesofabout12and50，womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility(生育能力)．Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact，womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.7Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women，onaverage，getfewercoldsthanmen.8Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging，buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.9A．However，women，onaverage，livelonger.B．Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C．Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D．Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E．Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F．Therefore，womenarehealthierthanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G．Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.(三)完形填空AsIwastakingawalkwithmymom，Iaskedher，“Haveyoutakentheseniorbusyet？”IheldmybreathasIwaitedforher10.“Oh，yes.Ihave，”shesaid.“Howwasit？”Isaidthewordsas11asIcouldtoshowmyexcitement，eventhoughIsensedtheanswerwasnotgoingtobe12.Shesighedheavily，“Nooneever13onthatbus.Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.Ionlyseeaboutthirteen14oldladiesandmen.”My15forhersituationgraspedmystomach.Mydadhadrecentlypassedaway，andhissuddenleavemademymother16andfrightened.Forfifty­sevenyears，mydadhadwalkedbyherside.Momneverlearnedto17，soDaddrovehereverywhere.Now，herwheelsweregone，asonegrandchildsoproperly18hersituation.Iknewsheneededgreat19tomakethedecisiontotaketheseniorbus.However，Ifirmlybelievedthe20wouldn’tlasttoolong，forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.Severaldayslater，whenIcametovisither，Iasked，“Dotheytalktoyounow？”She21andtherewasasparkle(火花)inhereyes.Itdidn’ttakeageniustofigureoutthatthe22hadchanged.“Itwassillythatallofusjustsatthere23sayingaword.SoonemorningwhenI24，Igreetedthemandthenremarkedthatwhatanicedayitwas.Soon，theybeganto25andwechattedhappily.Nowwearefriendsandalwayshavesomegood26onthebus，”shereplied.Mymotherheldthekeytothe27oftheotherlonelypeopleonthatbus.Asmileandsome28wordswereallittook.Shesowedtinyseedsof29forherselfandherfriendsonthebus.10．A.order B．instructionC．answer D．request11．A.fluently B．cheerfullyC．patiently D．quietly12．A.typical B．reasonableC．similar D．positive13．A.talks B．eatsC．drinks D．sleeps14．A.conservative B．depressedC．surprised D．cautious15．A.anger B．excitementC．sympathy D．forgiveness16．A.stubborn B．selfishC．acute D．lonely17．A.drive B．cookC．dance D．paint18．A.planned B．describedC．copied D．handled19．A.support B．expectationC．patience D．courage20．A.silence B．friendshipC．argument D．impression21．A.complained B．smiledC．sobbed D．appeared22．A.situation B．hardshipC．decision D．topic23．A.for B．byC．without D．after24．A.passedby B．gotonC．stoodup D．setout25．A.apologize B．escapeC．bother D．respond26．A.conversations B．suggestionsC．examples D．analysis27．A.fortune B．heartsC．remarks D．relationship28．A.sensitive B．responsibleC．friendly D．official29．A.honesty B．happinessC．imagination D．freedom完形填空题所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短语、句子或段落，还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可以利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正向逆合联合推断法寻找相关信息。正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这儿所指的上文已知信息并不仅仅是靠近空格的上文已知信息，也包括离空格较远的甚至文章开头的上文已知信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息，当然这里所说的下文信息不仅指离空格较近的信息，还指离空格较远的甚至文章结尾处的下文信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。

答案解析话题词汇梳理与对应训练Ⅰ.1.retirement2.losing3.tostop4.Ipetition8.challenging9.beneficial10.by11.It12.that13.tohaveknown14.from15.survivalⅡ.1.①Hewaspraisedbecauseheriskedhislifetoputoutthebigfire.②Hewaspraisedbecausehetook/rantheriskoflosinghislifetoputoutthebigfire.2．foundthemselvesatthemercyofwind3．ItisfortunatethatthesestudentshavesuchagoodEnglishteacher.4．①Thenewregulationwillbebeneficialtoeveryoneconcerned.②Everyoneconcernedwillbenefitfromthenewregulation.③Thenewregulationwillbenefiteveryoneconcerned.5．①Wehadnotrouble(in)findinghisoffice.②Wefoundhisofficewithouttrouble.话题语篇训练(一)eq\x(语篇解读你每天会查看手机多少次？你是不是玩手机上瘾了？如何避免手机上瘾？)1．C[写作意图题。作者开篇就以一个问题“Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone？”问读者，其目的是引出下文将要讨论的话题。]2．B[数字计算题。根据第一段第二句及第二段第一句可知，据调查他们每天看手机的次数是86次，而这一实际数据是他们所认为的次数的两倍。因此他认为的一周看手机的次数应为：86÷2×7＝301。]3．A[细节理解题。结合第四段中Turkle的解释“Sothere’sanewrulewhereyoudon’tlookdownunlessthreepeoplearelookingupinordertokeepalittleconservationalive.”可知，“三原则”的用意是使会话活跃地进行。]4．B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者对避免手机上瘾的建议是快速戒除(gocoldturkey)使用手机成瘾的嗜好；偶尔不带手机或关机并放在你的衣兜里一会儿不拿出来。故排除选项A、C和D。](二)5.A6.G7.D8.C9.E(三)语篇解读本文讲述的是作者的妈妈在公交车上遇到公交车上的人都很忧伤，妈妈通过自己的行动把快乐的种子散播在人的心里。10．C[order订单；instruction指导；answer答案；request请求。此处指的是作者在等待妈妈的答案。故选C。]11．B[fluently流利地；chee