高二英语译林版选修六讲义UNIT2SECTIONⅣ

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(非谓语动词Ⅱ,,,,[语法初识])原句感知自主探究①IunderstandthatyouoftenusetheexampleofthegymnastSangLantoshowhowpeoplecanfindhappinessevenduringtimesofapersonalcatastrophe.②InspiredbySangLan'sstory,thestudentsdecidetoworkharderattheirlessons.③Turningtotheleftatthecrossroads,youwillseetherailwaystationonyourright.④Havingmadeourplan,we'llputitintopractice.⑤Notknowingwhattodo,sheturnedtomeforhelp.(1)①句中不定式作目的状语。(2)②句中过去分词(短语)作缘由状语；③句中现在分词短语作条件状语。(3)④句中现在分词完成式作条件状语；⑤句中现在分词的否认形式作缘由状语。[语法剖析](1)作目的状语：常用形式为todo,inordertodo和soastodo,其中soastodo不能用于句首。Weeattoliveratherthanlivetoeat.我们吃饭是为了活着，而不是活着为了吃饭。Inordertofindhardevidence,hesearchedthewholehouse.为了找到有力的证据，他搜查了整个房子。[即时演练1]单句语法填空/完成句子①(2017·6月浙江高考)Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringto_cook(cook)ameal.②(2017·北京高考改编)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlineto_save(save)theirvaluabletime.③(全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetalto_create(create)specialdesigns.④(北京高考改编)To_make(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.⑤(北京高考改编)To_catch(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.⑥鲍勃登记了我的号码以免遗忘。Bobtookdownmytelephonenumberso_as_not_to_forget_it.⑦为了通过考试，他努力学习。In_order_to_pass_the_exam,_heworkedhard.(2)作缘由状语：跟在某些表示心理变化的形容词，如：glad,surprised,amazed,delighted等后面。Weweresurprisedtofindeverythingchanged.发觉一切都变了，我们很惊异。(3)作结果状语：可以表示出人意料的结果，这时其前有时用逗号隔开或加副词only；也可以用于too...to...“太……而不能……〞，...enoughto...“足够……〞和so/such...asto...“如此……以至于……〞句型中。IhurriedtoProfessorWang'shouseonlytofindhewasout.我匆忙地赶到王教授的家可是却发觉他外出了。Hewassotiredastobeunabletowalk.他累得走不动了。[名师点津]动词不定式在作表语或补语的形容词后作状语时，常用主动形式表示被动含义，常见的此类形容词有easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,interesting,fortable,safe,dangerous,impossible,fit等，该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。Thepoemisnoteasytotranslate.这首诗翻译起来难。Themusicispleasanttolistento.这音乐听起来动听。[即时演练2]单句改错/单句语法填空①Hewastooexcitedtonotsayafewwords.去掉not②Hisspeechwaseasyunderstand.understand前加to③Helookedoutofthewindowto_find(find)theworldoutsidegreatlychanged.④I'msurprisedto_see(see)thatshehasgone.⑤Thewaterisnotfitto_drink(drink),soholdoutuntilwegettoashop.2．分词作状语(1)作缘由状语：分词用作缘由状语，通常可转换成缘由状语从句。Gettinguplate(＝Ashegotuplate),hemissedhisearlytrain.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。Greatlyencouraged(＝Asweweregreatlyencouraged),wemadeupourmindtocarryonthehardwork.由于受到极大鼓舞，我们决心将艰苦的工作连续下去。[即时演练3]单句语法填空/句型转换①(北京高考改编)Finding(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.②(天津高考改编)Absorbed(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.③(重庆高考改编)Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobeingafootballstar.④Heaskedtheteacherforhelp,becausehedidn'tknowhowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem.→Notknowinghowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.⑤Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.→Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade,heworksharder.(2)作时间状语：分词用作时间状语，通常可转换成时间状语从句。Hearingthegoodnews(＝Whenheheardthegoodnews),hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个好消息，他快乐地跳了起来。Seenfromthehill(＝Whenitisseenfromthehill),theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看，这个公园特别美丽。[即时演练4]句型转换Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.①Onhearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.②Whentheyheardtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.③Whenhewasaskedwhenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.→Askedwhenhewouldarrive,hesaiditwasuncertain.(3)作伴随状语或方式状语：分词用作伴随状语，通常可转换成并列谓语，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生。分词用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比拟接近，有时可以转换成bydoingsth.结构。Tomlayonthegrass,staringatthesky(＝andstaredatthesky)foralongtime.汤姆躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck(＝bydrivingatruck)．他靠开卡车谋生。Hehurriedtothehall,followedbytwoguards(＝andhewasfollowedbytwoguards)．他快步走向大厅，身后跟着两个卫兵。[即时演练5]单句语法填空①(全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,using(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.②(重庆高考改编)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.(4)作条件状语：分词用作条件状语通常可转换成条件状语从句。Workinghard(＝Ifyouworkhard),youwillsucceed.努力工作，你就会胜利。Givenanotherchance(＝IfIamgivenanotherchance),I'lldoitmuchbetter.假如再给我一次时机，我会做得好得多。[即时演练6]句型转换①Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.→Turningtotheleft,_youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.②Unitedwewillstand;dividedwewillfall.→Ifweareunitedwewillstand;ifwearedividedwewillfall.(5)结果状语：分词用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列谓语，它表示伴随谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果。Thefirelastedaweek,leavingnothingvaluable(＝andleftnothingvaluable)．大火持续了一周，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。[名师点津]不定式和现在分词均可表示结果，但有区分：不定式表示结果，其动作发生在谓语动词动作之后，常表示未曾料到的结果或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only;现在分词表示结果，是伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果。[即时演练7]单句语法填空/完成句子①(2017·天津高考改编)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing(allow)morepatientstobetreated.②(天津高考改编)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.③(全国卷Ⅰ改编)Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,throwing(throw)hard—edgedshadowsontheground.④他匆忙赶到订票处，结果被告知票已卖完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_to_be_toldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.⑤很多国家都踢足球，因此使得足球成了一种很流行的运动。Footballisplayedinmanycountries,making_it_a_popular_sport.(6)作让步状语：分词用作让步状语，通常可转换成让步状语从句。Althoughlivingmilesaway(＝Althoughhelivedmilesaway),heattendedthecourse.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeatedagain(＝Althoughhewasdefeatedagain),thescientistdidn'tgiveup.尽管再次被战胜了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。[名师点津]现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区分在于两者与其规律主语之间主动与被动关系的区分。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词与其规律主语即句子主语之间为主谓关系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门顺手关上。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词与其规律主语之间是被动关系。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.假如对这些树多关怀一些，它们原来会长得更好。[即时演练8]句型转换①Althoughthestoneweightedalmostonehundredjin,itwasmovedbyhimalone.→Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.②Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofstorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefield.→Warnedofstorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefield.3．“连词＋分词〞结构动词­ing或动词­ed可用在when,while,once,if和(al)though等的后面，构成“连词＋分词〞结构，该结构可看作是状语从句的省略形式。Whenwaitingforthebus,hesawanoldfriend.在等公交车时，他遇见了一位老伴侣。Oncecaught,peoplewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.一旦被抓，破坏法律的人就会受到法律的惩处。Ifparedwiththatmovie,thisoneismoreinteresting.和那部电影比起来，这部更好玩。[即时演练9]句型转换①Ifrepairedwell,thewashingmachinecouldbeusedagain.→Ifitwasrepairedwell,thewashingmachinecouldbeusedagain.②WhileIwasreadingthearticle,IwasthinkingofhowIwouldwritethestory.→Whilereadingthearticle,_IwasthinkingofhowIwouldwritethestory.③Althoughshewasleftalone,shedidnotfeellonelyatall.→Althoughleftalone,shedidnotfeellonelyatall.1.不定式的一般式、进行式和完成式及其被动语态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone一般式：表示不定式的动作和谓语动词同时发生或稍后发生。进行式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动词发生时正在进行。完成式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。[即时演练10]单句语法填空①(重庆高考改编)Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseemsto_have_gone(go)wrongwithit.②Heseemsto_know(know)alot.③Heseemsto_leave(leave)forShanghaisoon.④Theboypretendedto_be_working(work)hardwhentheteachercamein.⑤Heispleasedto_have_e(e)acrosshisfriend.2．现在分词的一般式、完成式及其被动语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一般式：多表示与谓语动词同时进行的动作，有时也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前或之后的动作。完成式：表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。[名师点津]不定式的被动式表示将要发生的被动动作，现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示已经完成的被动动作。Lookingaround,Ifoundtherewasnoonenearby.环顾四周，我发觉四周没有人。Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwillbepletedinthreemonths.正在修建中的桥三个月之后完成。Havingbeentrappedinthetraffic,hewaslateforwork.因交通堵塞，他上班迟到了。[即时演练11](1)单句语法填空①(2017·江苏高考改编)ManyChinesebrands,having_developed(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.②(天津高考改编)Having_worked(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.③(江苏高考改编)LionelMessi,having_set(set)therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.(2)完成句子④已经看过两次了，我拒绝了他的邀请去看这部电影。Having_seen_the_film_twice,_Irefusedhisinvitationtoseethefilm.⑤虽然被告知过好屡次了，但他仍旧重复犯同样的错误。Having_been_told_many_times,_hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.⑥由于当众被称赞，这个小男孩心情低落。Being_laughed_at_in_public,_thelittleboywasinlowspirits.3．非谓语动词的否认式不定式nottodo现在分词notdoing/nothaving(been)done过去分词notdone[名师点津]不管不定式或分词是什么形式，其否认形式总是在它们的前面加not。Nottoarrivelate,hesetoffearly.由于不想迟到，他早早就动身了。Ihidbehindthedoor,notwantingtobeseen.我躲在门后，不想被别人观察。Notseen,Ifeltlucky.由于没有被观察，我感到很幸运。[即时演练12]完成句子①由于没有被选中，她感到很绝望。Not_having_been_chosen,_shefeltdisappointed.②为了避开交通堵塞，他们早就起来了。Inordernot_to_get_caught_inthetrafficjam,theygotupveryearly.③不认真认真阅读，你就不会学到新东西。Not_reading_carefully,_you'llnotlearnanythingnew.谈论文[技法指导]谈论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主见的文体，其根本结构是：提出问题(引论)；分析问题(本论)；解决问题(结论)。[黄金表达]★引出话题的常用句式1．Nowadays,...hasbeeaproblemwehavetoface.如今……已经成为我们必需面对的问题。2．Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleareconcernedabouttheproblemof...现在越来越多的人开头关注……的问题。3．Although...hasbroughtconveniencetous,manypeoplehavebeguntorealizethatitisthesourceoftroubleaswell.尽管……给我们带来了很多便利，但是很多人已经熟悉到它也会制造麻烦。★分析缘由的常用句式1．Herearemany/several/anumberof/avarietyofreasonsforit.First...Second...Finally...这件事的起因有很多，第一……其次……最终……。2．Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Foronething...Foranother...缘由有以下几点，一方面/一个缘由是……另一方面/另一个缘由是……。3．Whathaspossiblycontributedtothisproblem？Inthefirstplace...Inthesecondplace...是什么导致了这个问题呢？首先……其次……。★提出解决方案的常用句式1．Thefirstkeyfactortosolvethisproblemis...Anotherkeyfactoris...解决这个问题的第一关键是……另一个关键是……。2．Peoplehavefoundmanysolutions/approachestodealingwiththisproblem.人们已经找到了很多解决这个问题的方法。3．Wecanfigureoutmanywaystorelievethepresentcrisis.我们可以想出很多方法来缓解目前的危机。[写作标准][题目要求]当前我国政府和人民正努力把我国建设成一个社会关系和谐的国家，详细到同学而言，大局部同学与家庭成员以及同学关系的处理上总体是好的，但也存在着一些问题。学校正在调査高三同学与家庭成员和同学老师之间的关系状况，你作为一名高三同学请把实际的状况向学校反映一下并提出一些改良的意见。要点如下：1.目前的实际状况：好的方面和不好的方面；2．你个人的改良意见。留意：1.文章的开头已经给出；2．词数：100左右。NowadaysthegovernmentandpeopleofChinaaretryingtobuildacountrywithaharmoniousrelationship.[三步作文法]第一步：搜寻词汇1．一般而言generally_speaking2．和……一样as_well_as3．由于because_of4．更糟糕的是what's_worse5．在某人看来in_one's_opinion6．此外in_addition其次步：由词造句1．一般来说，我们同学和家庭成员、同学以及老师之间的关系是好的。①Generallyspeaking，the_relationship_between_us_students_andourfamilymembers，classmatesaswellasteachersisgood.②Generallyspeaking,westudentsget_along_well_withourfamilymembers,classmatesaswellasteachers.2．然而，存在一些问题。由于学习负担过重，我们班级的一些同学很简单发脾气。①However,therearesomeproblems.Somestudentsinourgradecan_easily_lose_their_temperbecauseofheavystudyburden.②However,there_exist_some_problems.Somestudentsinourgradecaneasilylosetheirtemperbecauseofheavystudyburden.(exist)3．更糟的是，他们有时与别人争吵，这是特别令人绝望的。①What'sworse,theysometimesquarrel_with_others,_andthisisverydisappointing.②What'sworse，theysometimesquarrelwithothers,which_is_very_disappointing.(定语从句)4．当我们感觉不好时，我们可以和我们的伴侣、老师或家长谈天。When_we_are_not_feeling_good，wecanchatwithourfriends,teachersorparents.5．很可能他们能更好地理解我们，给我们一些合理的建议。①Theyarelikelytounderstandusbetterandgiveussome_reasonable_advice.②It_is_likely_that_they_can_understand_us_betterandgiveussomereasonableadvice.(Itislikelythat...)第三步：连句成篇NowadaysthegovernmentandpeopleofChinaaretryingtobuildacountrywithaharmoniousrelationship.Generallyspeaking，westudentsgetalongwellwithourfamilymembers,classmatesaswellasteachers.However,thereexistsomeproblems.Somestudentsinourgradecaneasilylosetheirtemperbecauseofheavystudyburden.What'sworse，theysometimesquarrelwithothers,whichisverydisappointing.Inmyopinion，wemiddleschoolstudentsshouldmakeoureffortstoimprovethesituation.Firstofall,weshouldrespectourparentsandteachersaswellasourclassmates.Inaddition，whenwearenotfeelinggood,wecanchatwithourfriends，teachersorparents.Itislikelythattheycanunderstandusbetterandgiveussomereasonableadvice.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Themanager,having_made(make)itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.2．—Canyouhandinyourpositiontomorrow?—Sure.To_get(get)ithandedinontime,I'llstayuptonight.3．MikepretendednottoseeAlice,saying(say)nothingwithher.4．Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,trying(try)nottomissanypoint.5．Having_experienced(experience)somethinglikethisbefore,Ithinktheresultmightturnoutdifferentlynow.6．Thissentenceisverydifficultto_translate(translate).NobodycantranslateitintoChinesewithoutcertainprofessionalknowledge.7．Ifeelgreatlyhonoredto_be_weled(wele)intotheirsociety.8．Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobeefamous.9．Ifasked(ask)tolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.10．Not_having_read(notread)alltherequiredpapers,hedidn'tanswerthequestionsfluentlyinclass.Ⅱ.用非谓语动词完成句子1．Not_understanding_English(由于不懂英语),hedidn'tknowwhattheywanted.2．Hehurriedtotheofficeonly_to_find_that_the_boss_had_left(发觉老板已走了)．3．Taken_in_time(准时服用),themedicinewillbequiteeffective.4．Satisfied_with_what_he_had_done(对他所做的事情很满足),theteacherpraisedhiminclass.5．Havingfailedtwice(已经失败了两次),hedidn'twanttotryagain.Ⅲ.语法与写作(用非谓语动词或短语作状语改写短文中画线局部)①When_my_tenth_birthday_was_ing_upIcouldn'thelpimagingwhatkindofpresentmyparentswouldgiveme.Tomysurprise,theygavemeabook,MyLifeStory,writtenbyanAmericanwriter—HelenKeller.Inthebook,shewrotethatshehadnotbeenabletosee,hearorspeak.Disabledasshewas,withthehelpofMissSullivan,shelearnedhowtowriteEnglishwordsandpublishedmanyfamousworks,②and_My_Life_Story_is_just_one_of_them.ItwasMissSullivan'scontinuousencouragementandinstructionthatinspiredhertoliveherlifetothefullest.③I_was_impressed_with_the_writer's_determination_and_Miss_Sullivan's_kindness_and_I_was_determined_to_work_hard_at_my_lessons.④Whenever_I_was_feeling_depressedbecauseoflearningdifficulties,Iwouldreadthebookoncemore.AlthoughitwastenyearsagothatIreadthebook,itshowsmeauniversaltruththatbooksareourfriends,⑤whichalwayspushustomoveon.答案：①My_tenth_birthday_ing_up②My_Life_Story_being_one_of_them③Impressed_with_the_writer's_determination_and_Miss_Sullivan's_kindness,_I_was_determined_to_work_hard_at_my_lessons④Whenever_feeling_depressed⑤pushing_us_to_move_on[对应同学课下力量提升(七)]Ⅰ.完成句子1．得知我们图书馆要买一些书，我想给出一些建议。Knowing_that_our_library_is_going_to_buy_some_books,_I'dliketogivesomesuggestions.2．由于写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。Written_in_a_hurry,_thisarticlewasnotsogood.3．参观艺术展时，我们争论了宏大的艺术家们的作品。While_visiting_the_art_exhibition,_wediscussedthegreatartists'works.4．由于没完成这个工程，他们将再工作两个多小时。Not_having_pleted_the_project,_theywillworktwomorehours.5．我很快乐被邀请在这里讲话。I'mpleasedto_be_invited_to_speak_here.Ⅱ.阅读理解Selfiesticks(自拍杆)arenowoftenused,asareselfiecamerasonphones,andtheword“selfie〞wasevenaddedtotheOxfordEnglishDictionaryin2013.Theresultsofarecentresearchhaveshowedthatabout93millionselfiesweretakenperdayin2014,countingonlythosetakenonAndroidphones.Whileselfiesareextremelymon,opinionsonselfiesaredivided,withsomeseeingthemasacreativeideaandawaytoconnectotherpeopleandothersseeingthemasnarcissistic(自恋的)andunreal.Asanewculturalpattern,selfiesareofinteresttopsychologists,intermsofhowpeoplethinkandfeelwhentakingandviewingboththeirownselfiesandthosepostedbyothers.Inarecentstudypublishedin“FrontiersinPsychology〞，SarahDiefenbach,ascientistatLudwig­Maximilians­UniversityMunich,carriedoutanonlinesurveytostudypeople'smotivation(动机)forpostingselfiesandmentswhentakingandviewingselfies.Atotalof238peoplelivinginAustria,GermanyandSwitzerlandpletedthesurvey.Theresearchersfoundthat77%ofthevolunteersregularlytookselfies.Interestingly,as77%ofthevolunteerstakingselfiesregularly,62－67%agreedonthelikelynegativeinfluencesofselfies.82%ofthevolunteersexplainedthattheywouldratherseeothertypesofphotosinsteadofselfiesonsocialmedia.Thisbehavior,thatmanypeopleregularlytakeselfiesbutmostpeopledon'tappeartolikethemhasbeencalledthe“selfieparadox(自拍悖论)〞byDiefenbach.Thekeytotheparadoxmaylieinthewaythevolunteersviewtheirownselfies,paredwiththoseofothers.Thevolunteersexplainedthattheirownselfieshavegreaterself­exhibitionandaremorebelievablewhenparedwithselfiestakenbyothers.“Thismayexplainhoweverybodycantakeselfieswithoutfeelingnarcissistic.Ifmostpeoplethinklikethis,thenitisnowonderthattheworldisfullofselfies，〞Diefenbachexplains.eq\x(语篇解读：自拍在社交媒体上极为流行，但你知道为什么人们爱自拍却不爱看自拍吗？)1．Whatcanweknowabouttherecentresearch?A．Selfiesmakepeopleclosetoeachother.B．Peoplewanttoshowtheworldtheirhappiness.C．Selfiesarequitemonandverypopular.D．MostselfiesintheresearcharetakenonAndroidphones.解析：选C细节理解题。依据第一段的“theword‘selfie’wasevenaddedtotheOxfordEnglishDictionaryin2013...Theresultsofarecentresearchhaveshowedthatabout93millionselfiesweretakenperdayin2014”可知，依据一项争论结果显示，2014年每天大约产生九千三百万张自拍照，2013年“selfie〞2．Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?A．Theauthorhasadifferentopinionaboutselfies.B．Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutselfies.C．Thevolunteersweredividedintotwodifferentteams.D．Thereweretwodifferentpatternsofselfies.解析：选B句意理解题。依据其次段的“someseeingthemasacreativeideaandawaytoconnectotherpeopleandothersseeingthemasnarcissisticandunreal.〞可知，不同的人对自拍有不同的看法。3．Whichstatementabouttheresearchof238volunteersisTRUE?A．TheGermanstookupahalfamount.B．Allthevolunteersarefromthesamecountry.C．Themenstudiedspentlesstimetakingselfies.D．Morethanhalfofthevolunteersprefertoseeothertypesofphotos.解析：选D细节理解题。依据倒数其次段的“82%ofthevolunteersexplainedthattheywouldratherseeothertypesofphotosinsteadofselfiesonsocialmedia.〞可知，82%的志愿者表示他们更情愿在社交媒体上看其他类型的照片，而不是自拍的照片。4．AccordingtoDiefenbach,thereasonwhytheworldisfullofselfiesisthat________.A．selfiesonsocialmediashouldbechangedregularlyB．fewpeoplerealizethattheytakeselfiestoooftenC．thevolunteersbelievetheirownselfiesaremorebelievableD．peoplewholiketotakeselfiesdon'tconsidertheyarenarcissistic解析：选D细节理解题。依据倒数其次段内容以及最终一段的最终一句可知，迪芬巴赫把这种现象——很多人定期自拍但大多数人好似不喜爱看别人的自拍——称作“自拍悖论〞。他认为“这可能就解释了为什么每个自拍的人都不感觉自己是自恋的。假如大多数人都这么想，这个世界上布满自拍就缺乏为奇了。〞由此可知答案。Ⅲ.阅读七选五Ifyouworkhardtohaveapositiveattitude,youmightbesurprisedbyhowmuchbetteryoufeelaboutyourselfandlifeingeneral.__1__Thelessstressyoufeel,thebetteryouwillfeeloverall.Soifyou'vebeenfeelingtired,thinkaboutthegood,putonahappyfaceandyoujustmightfeelbettersoon.Buthowcanyouhaveapositiveattitudewhenlifeishard?It'smorethanjustturninglife'slemonsintolemonade.__2__Butit'sworthit.Herearesomewaysyoucandevelopandmaintain(保持)apositiveattitudeeveninthemidstoflife'stroubles.__3__Itjustmeansbeinganoptimistandlookingforthegoodinthings,ratherthanbeingapessimist(悲观者)andfocusingonthebadinthings.Sometimesyourviewcanmakeallthedifferenceintheworld.Identify(确认)thoseareasofyourlifethatmightnotbegoingsowell.__4__Focusononeareaatatimeandthinkofwaysyoucanfindthepositiveinthem.Smileandlaugh!Yes,itcanbethatsimple.Learntolovelife,nomatterwhat'sgoingon.Smileatothersandtheywillsmilebackatyou.__5__Sometimeslaughterreallyisthebestmedicine.Exercise!Getoffthecouchandgetmoving.Beingactiveandhealthycangiveyouapletelydifferentoutlookonlife.A．Havefunandfindthehumorinlife.B．Youmayfindithardtostaypositiveinyourlife.C．Havingapositiveattitudecantakesomehardwork.D．Apositiveattitudedoesn'tmeanignoringlife'stroubles.E．Havingapositiveattitudecanalsoreduceyourstresslevel.F．Thesearetheareaslikelytomakeyouthinknegativethoughts.G．Gotobedearliersoyougetthesleepyouneedtofeelpositive.语篇解读：乐观的心态能够使你保持乐观向上的精神面貌，本文介绍了保持乐观态度的一些方法。1．解析：选E依据空后的“Thelessstressyoufeel,thebetteryouwillfeeloverall〞可知，乐观保持的心态可以减小你的压力。2．解析：选C依据空后的“Butit'sworthit〞可知，拥有一个乐观的心态需要付出努力。3．解析：选D依据空后的“Itjustmeansbeinganoptimistandlookingforthegoodinthings...〞可知，拥有乐观的心态并不意味着忽视生活中的麻烦。4．解析：选F依据空前的“Identify(确认)thoseareasofyourlifethatmightnotbegoingsowell〞可知，这些领域可能会让你产生消极的心态。5．解析：选A依据上文“Smileatothersandtheywillsmilebackatyou〞可知，应当快乐一些，去查找生活中的幽默。Ⅳ.语法填空Flyingcarsmaysoonbeea__1__(real)．TherideshareserviceUberhasasked__2__expertfromNASA,theAmericanspaceagency,__3__(hel