北海公园建筑和园林分析

2021/5/91WiththeForbiddenCityandJingshanParktoitseast,ZhongNanHaitoitssouth,BeihaiParkisoneoftheoldest,largestandbest-preservedancientimperialgardensinChinalocatedinthecenterofBeijingTheoldestThelargestThebestpreserved2021/5/92HISTORYANDOVERVIEW1.accordingtoatraditionalChineselegend2.Actually,wasbuiltintheLiaoDynasty

3.0.71sqkm4.morethanhalf:lake2021/5/93总体布局Overalllayout主要建筑群：Main

buildings:琼华岛JadeIsle东岸 Eastshore北岸Northshore2021/5/94亮点小结Highlightssummary一、整体布局，山水镶嵌，构架精彩Overalllayout,hillsandlakemosaic,wonderfularchitecture全园用水，是大面积用水的典范之一，唯有颐和园与承德避暑山庄与之齐名Thewaterapplyofbeihaigardenisakindofmodelofwaterusingoflargearea.AsfamousasSummerpalaceandChengdeMountainResort.琼华岛占据视线最高点，而若视角位于琼华岛上，与远处的景山，故宫互为借景Jade

isle

occupies

thehighestpointof

viewofthegarden,but

ifyour

angle

isin

Jadeisle.The

Jingshan,theForbiddenCity

eachother

byJadeisle.2021/5/95亮点小结Highlightssummary二、琼华岛-园中有苑JadeIsle-Gardeninthegarden山南坡寺院沿南北中轴线对衬布局Alongthe

southernslopeof

thetemple

inthe

mountains

north-south

axis

ofthe

liningBoard

2021/5/96亮点小结Highlightssummary三、濠濮涧-大中有精Haopujian-a

fine

mediumandlarge位于东岸，基本上是一座爬山廊Locatedinthe

eastshore,

isessentially

a

mountain

Gallery

精妙的空间变化，层次丰富Sophisticated

spatialvariation,thelevelof

rich2021/5/97延伸思考Extended

Thinking一、皇家园林中的精妙“借景”Borrowed

sceneryin

theimperialgarden传统上认为，皇家园林的建造注重于气场和广阔的空间塑造。而精细程度却不如南方的私家园林。是否果真如此呢？Traditionally,

theimperialgardensfocuson

gas

fieldand

constructionof

vastspaceshape.

The

sophisticationis

notasgoodas

privategardensof

theSouth

.

Ifso

is

it?

2021/5/98延伸思考Extended

Thinking可见，即使是皇家园林，其造园构成依然会经常用到一些景观的精妙处理。Canbeseen,even

theRoyal

gardens,

the

garden

willstill

often

usesome

form

ofsubtle

landscape

treatment.并且从整体上，北海公园的借用了故宫和景山的景色，在大型配景方面，与园外形成互动，却成了皇家园林自身的特点Andfrom

thewhole,the

BeihaiPark,

ForbiddenCity

and

Jingshan

borrowed

scenery,inalarge

area

with

landscape,

interact

withthe

gardenoutside,butit

becamea

royalgarden

oftheirowncharacteristics

一、皇家园林中的精妙“借景”Borrowed

sceneryin

theimperialgarden2021/5/99延伸思考Extended

Thinking二、地形山水构件为造园的第一要素

the

terrain

landscape

components

as

thefirstelementof

thegarden造成多样的园林空间效果，仅靠放置假山等人为的变化是远远不够的Effect

causedby

avarietyof

gardenspace,

suchasartificial

rockery

placed

alone

isnotenoughto

change由图可见，无论是假山、路径、还是大树的相互配合，都以地形为基础。Thefigureshows,whetheritis

arockery,path,or

tree

of

eachother,

are

basedon

theterrain.

Therefore,the

topographic

landscape

components

as

thefirstelementof

thegarden2021/5/910延伸思考Extended

Thinking三、感人的建筑空间序列Moving

sequenceof

buildingspace北海公园几乎所有建筑都成为一个有序的状态，在体量大小、色彩、高差上都应用了强烈的对比关系，使建筑在造园空间中的空间效果达到最高Beihai

Park,

almostall

buildings

havebecome

anordered

state,

the

volume

size,color,heightdifference

applied

onboththe

strongcontrast

between

the

architecturalspace

in

thegarden

spaceinthe

effectof

thehighest2021/5/911

景点一览Attractions九龙壁现存三座九龙壁中最有特色的一座，全部用彩色琉璃砖砌成，长25.86米，高6.65米，厚1.42米。壁的两面各饰有九条蟠龙，戏珠于波涛云雾之中，造型生动，色彩艳丽，工艺高超，为我国琉璃建筑中的珍贵作品20