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非谓语动词复习——语法填空专项练习一、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下:

1.

不定式基本形式:todo(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:tobedone(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)进行式:tobedoing

(表示主动和进行)④完成时:tohavedone(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:tohavebeendone(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:tohavebeendoing

(表示主动和完成进行)

Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.

老师让我们做早操。

Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.

要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

Shepretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.

老师进来时,她假装正在读书。

Thethiefissaidtohaveescaped.

据说小偷已经逃跑了。

Thethiefissaidtohavebeenarrested.

据说小偷已经被抓住了。

Sheissaidtohavebeenworkinginthefactoryoverthelast20years.

据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。

2.动名词=1\*GB3①基本形式:doing(表示主动)②被动式:beingdone(表示被动)③完成式:havingdone(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:havingbeendone(表示被动和完成)

Travellinginspacebyordinarypeoplewillbecommoninthefuture.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

Freddyandhisbandcouldgonowherewithoutbeingfollowedbytheirfans.

Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。

Ihavenoideaofhishavingdonesuchathingagainstyou.

我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。

Manycustomerscomplainofhavingbeengivenshortweightatthatshop.

很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。

3.现在分词基本形式:doing(表示主动和进行)②被动式:beingdone(表示被动和进行)③完成式:havingdone(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:havingbeendone(表示被动和完成)

Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。

Theareabeingstudiedmayberichincoal.

这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

Havingfinishedmyhomework,IbegantowatchTV.

完成作业后,我开始看电视。

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,shestillcantrememberit.

已经被告诉了很多次,她仍然记不住。

4.过去分词:done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。

pollutedriver被污染的河流;fallenleaves落叶

注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来;发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。

二、非谓语动词的语法非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。

1.不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.(作主语)学会一门外语是很难的。

It’seasytoseetheiraunt.(作真正主语,it做形式主语)很容易见到他们的姑姑。

Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.(作宾语)汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。

Hiswishistobeadriver.(作表语)他的愿望是当一名司机。

Ihavenothingtosay.(作定语)我没有什么可说的。

Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.(作宾语补足语)老师让我们做早操。

Theywenttoseetheiraunt.(目的状语)他们去见他们的姑姑。

2.动名词:做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。

LearningEnglishisverydifficult.(作主语)学英语非常困难。

Ienjoydancing.(作动词宾语)我喜欢跳舞。

Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(作介词宾语)我已经习惯了住农村。

Hisjobisdrivingabus.(作表语)他的工作是开车。

3.现在分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语

Thestoryisinteresting.这个故事有趣。

Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.(作状语)他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。

Theareabeingstudiedmayberichincoal.(作定语)这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

Hesawthethief

stealingsomemoneyfromthebank.(作宾补)他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。

4.过去分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语

Heisinterestedinthenews.(作表语)他对这则消息很感兴趣。

pollutedriver(做定语)

被污染的河流

Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.(做状语)如果再被多给些时间,我会把工作做得更好。

Ifoundmywatchstolen.(做宾补)

我发现我的手表被偷了。

三、非谓语动词重难点

须用省去to的不定式(do)作宾补的动词。五看(see、watch、notice、observe、lookat)两听(hear、listento)三使(make、let、have)一感觉(feel)根据谐音记忆法,我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。

Isawabigbirdflyovertheroofofthehouseyesterday.

昨天,我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。

注意:以上动词,也可接现在分词和过去分词作宾补,但在时间和语态上有变化,以see为例来区分一下。

seesb.dosth.看到某人做了某事

seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事seesb./sth.done看到某人/某物被

Iseehimmakethephonecall.

我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)

Iseehimmakingaphonecall.

我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)

Weoftenseehimsurroundedbymuchwork.

我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.

2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的常用动词want、wouldlike、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse

3.只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的常用动词practice、consider、enjoy、finish、giveup、imagine、keep、putoff、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、

mind、miss、permit、prohibit

4.可接不定式也可接动名词的动词(含义不同)remembertodosth.记住要做某事(未做)

rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)

forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做) forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)

regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事(未做)

regretdoingsth.后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)

trytodosth.努力做某事 trydoingsth.尝试做某事

meantodosth.计划做某事 meandoingsth.意味着做某事

can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事

can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事

stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事 stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事情

5.所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语如tohavedone、tohavebeendone、tohavebeendoing、havingdone和havingbeendone。四、非谓语动词解题步骤

1.判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语,以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。非谓动词做定语时,其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。②非谓语动作做状语时,其逻辑主语是句子主语。③非谓语动作做宾补时,其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。

2.判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。和谓语动作同时发生表示进行,应用以上提到的进行式(tobedoing和doing);发生在谓语动作之后表示将来,应用(todo和tobedone);发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用(tohavedone、tohavebeendone、tohavebeendoing、havingdone、havingbeendone和done)。

高考真题专练1(2022新高考I卷)__________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.2(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.3(2022新高考II卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe__________(fall)child.4(2022新高考II卷)Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup________(see)them.5(2022年浙江卷1月)ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans____________(continue)thepractice."Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.",shesays,"areallypositivechange."6(2021新高考I卷)Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus_____________(astonish).7(2021新高考II卷)Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,________(think)itisfood.8(2021新高考II卷)Idecidedtodosomething________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.9(2021新高考II卷)Iwasso________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.10(2021浙江卷)Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.11(2021浙江卷1月)In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries________(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.12(2021浙江卷1月)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople________(live)inthecountryside,including(lowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.13(2020新课标I卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4__________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.14(2020新课标II卷)Theyrepresenttheearth___________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.15(2020新课标II卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.16(2020新课标II卷)Theyareeasy___________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.17(2020新课标III卷)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout__________(find)thewell-knownpainter.18(2020新课标III卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.19(2020年浙江卷)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology_________(change)lives.20(2020年浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,______(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.21(2020年浙江卷1月)Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected____________(increase)to42by2050.22(2020年浙江卷1月)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge____________(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulation23(2020年山东卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselves)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor__________(walk)througharainforest.语法填空专项练习1.

(encourage)bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.

2.

(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.

3.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,

(travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.

4.

(look)atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.

5.Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,

(keep)aneyeoutforbargains.6.Ihavealotofreadings

(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.

7.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,

(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.

8.Agreatnumberofstudents

(question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.

9.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps

(borrow)fromthelibrary.

10.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank

(buy)presentsformydad.

11.

(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.

12.Withthegovernment’said,those

(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.

13.

(complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.

14.Thenewsshockedthepublic,

(lead)togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.

15.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,

(send)suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.

16.

(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.

17.

(remind)nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.

18.

(give)therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowtheinternationalstars.

19.Thechildrenallturned

(look)atthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.

20.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,

(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.

21.Michael’s

new

house

is

like

a

huge

palace,

(compare)with

his

old

one.

22.—Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?—Yes.But

(find)it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.

23.

(throw)theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.

24.Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime

(allow).

25.Thetrees

(blow)downinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.

26.

(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.

27.I’mtiredout.Istayedupthewholenight,

(study)formymidtermmathexam.

28.

(raise)people’slivingstandards,thecentralgovernmentwilltakemoremeasuresinthecomingyears.

29.Hetoldmetostartearly,

(remind)methattheroadswouldbecrowded.

30.

(import)fromothercountries,sandpaintingisnowbeingrecognizedinChinaforitsuniquenessandcreativity.

31.

(live)inthecountry,wehadfewsocialactivities.

32.Sheseemstoprefer

(watch)AmericanTVShowstotalkingtome.

33.

(control)heremotion,sheburiedherfaceinherhands.

34.Thereporterapologizedforanymisunderstandings

(cause)byhisarticleonthatfilmstar.

35.

(lower)thehousingprice,severalmeasureshavebeenadoptedinthelasttwoyears.

36.Programmes,

(design)tobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.

37.

(gain)valuableexperience,heaskedtobesenttoremoteareas.

38.Theseats

(reserve)forchildrenandseniorsarerightatthefrontofthebuses.

39.Manythingssuchasgoingabroadandowningacar,

(consider)impossiblein

thepast,arenowverycommon.

40.Afteralongabsence,Iwentbacktocollege,

(hope)topickupwhereI’dleftoff.

41.Wasit

(hold)theinternationalconferencethatmadethecitythefocusofthisarea?

42.I’msorryIwaslate.

(make)upforit,letmetreatyoutoameal.43.

(save)power,turnoffthehotwaterafteryouaredoneshowering.

44.Aperson,when

(challenge),canoftendowhatisnormallybeyondhisability.

45.

(offer)abetterpositionatIBM,hebecamemoreandmoreconfidentofhisability.

46.Today,peoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontotheirhealth,

(make)booksonkeepinghealthyextremelyhot.

47.Morethanaquarteroftheenergy

(use)intheUnitedStatesgoestomovingpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.

48.Thereporterapologizedforanymisunderstandings

(cause)byhisarticleonthatfilmstar.

49.Someseeminglyharmlessblogsmightbecomeharmfulwhen

(read)ontheInternetbymillionsofpeople.

50.Not

(impress)withthequalityofyourgoods,Iwillcertainlynotadviseotherstobuythem.高考真题专练(答案解析)1(2022新高考I卷)__________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.答案:Covering解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语theGPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。2(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.答案:toincrease解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填toincrease。3(2022新高考II卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe__________(fall)child.答案:tofalling解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的holdout为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”,child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。4(2022新高考II卷)Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup________(see)them.答案:tosee解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climbup为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用todo不定式作目的状语。故填tosee。5(2022年浙江卷1月)ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans____________(continue)thepractice."Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.",shesays,"areallypositivechange."答案:astonished解析:考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plantodosth“计划做”,故填tocontinue。6(2021新高考I卷)Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus_____________(astonish).答案:astonished解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.7(2021新高考II卷)Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,________(think)itisfood.答案:thinking解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,____2____(think)itisfood.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语manyseaanimals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。8(2021新高考II卷)Idecidedtodosomething________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.答案:toeducate解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填toeducate。9(2021新高考II卷)Iwasso________(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.答案:excited解析:考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。10(2021浙江卷)Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.答案:toplant解析:考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为toplant。故填toplant。11(2021浙江卷1月)In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries________(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.答案:studied解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。12(2021浙江卷1月)Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople________(live)inthecountryside,including(lowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.答案:living解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词maybe,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。13(2020新课标I卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4__________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.答案:tofind解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填tofind。14(2020新课标II卷)Theyrepresenttheearth___________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.答案:coming解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comebackto之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。15(2020新课标II卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.答案:decorated解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orangetrees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。16(2020新课标II卷)Theyareeasy___________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.答案:tocare解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be+形容词+todo”结构。故填tocare。17(2020新课标III卷)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout__________(find)thewell-knownpainter.答案:tofind解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为setouttodosth。,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填tofind。18(2020新课标III卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.答案:surrounding解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,thesoftclouds69(surround)themountaintops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。19(2020

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