2022年甘肃省定西市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022年甘肃省定西市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Technologicalinnovation______causessecurityproblems.

2.

Whenemphasizingparticularaspectsofyourpersonality,insteadofstatingthem,youcan______.

3.Theexampleofkeepingadailygratitudejournalshowsthat______isveryimportant.

4.

Theaimofthepsychologicaltestsadministeredbymanyscientistsis______.

5.

Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis______.

6.

Manypeoplehaveweightlosssurgerypossiblybecauseoverweightmaygiverisetodeath.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

PeopleasktheGovernmenttopaymoreattentionto______.

8.

Disabilityinsurancecancompletelycoveryourloss.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Althoughthejobapplicantshavenotfinishedhighschool,theyarehighlylikelytobepromoted.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Inthecaseofdischarge,apatientcangetdischargeinstructionsexplainingmedications,othertreatmentsand______.

11.

InancientGreek,aftertheshortpeaceofOlympicGamesperiod,thecity-stateswouldreopenthewar.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

OnlylargecompaniesandbusinessesusetheInternettodobusiness.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Epidemicdiseasesusuallyspreadthroughpeople'ssneeze,humancontact,and______.

14.

Somesiteadministratorsmakeitpossibleforsiteuserstocommunicatewiththeironlinedatingcontactsprivately.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

IfacityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus",itmeansthatitslocalhealthteamscan______ontheirown.

16.Health

Healthcouldbedefinedtheoreticallyintermsofcertainmeasuredvalues;forexample,apersonhavingnormalbodytemperature,pulseandbreathingrates,bloodpressure,height,weight,acuityofvision,sensitivityofhearing,andothernormalmeasurablecharacteristicsmightbetermedhealthy.Butwhatdoesnormalmeanandhowisitestablished?Itiswell-knownthatifthetemperaturesaretakenofalargenumberofactive,presumablyhealthy,individualsthetemperatureswillallcomecloseto98.6°F(37℃).Thegreatpreponderanceofthesevalueswillfallbetween98.4°Fand98°F.Thushealthcouldinpartbedefinedashavingatemperaturewithinthisnarrowrange.Similarly,anormalrangecanbeestablishedforpulse,bloodpressure,andheight.Insomehealthyindividuals,however,thebodytemperaturemayrangebelow98.4°Forabove98.8°F.Theselowandhightemperaturesfalloutsidethelimitsdefinedaboveasnormalandareinstancesofbiologicalvariability.

Healthmightbetterbedefinedastheabilitytofunctioneffectivelyincompleteharmonywithone'senvironment.Impliedinsuchadefinitionisthecapabilityofmeetingphysically,emotionally,andmentally—theordinarystressesoflife.Inthisdefinitionhealthisinterpretedintermsoftheindividual'senvironment.Healthtotheconstructionworkerwouldhaveadimensiondifferentfromhealthtothebookkeeper.Thehealthyconstructionworkerexpectstobeabletodomanuallabourallday,whilethebookkeeper,althoughperfectlycapableofperforminghisownsedentarywork,wouldbetotallyincapableofsuchheavylabourandindeedmightcollapsefromthephysicalstrain;yetbothindividualsmightbetermedcompletelyhealthyintermsoftheirownwayoflife.

Thetermphysicalfitness,althoughfrequentlyused,isalsoexceedinglydifficulttodefine.Ingeneralitreferstothestateofoptimalmaintenanceofmuscularstrength,properfunctionoftheinternalorgans,andyouthfulvigour.Thechampionathletepreparedtocopenotonlywiththecommonplacestressesoflifebutalsowiththeunusualillustratestheconceptofphysicalfitness.Tobeingoodphysicalconditionistohavetheabilitytoswimamiletosaveone'slifeortosloghomethroughsnowdriftswhenacarbreaksdowninastorm.Someexpertsinfitnessinsistthatthestateofhealthrequiresthattheindividualbeinprimephysicalcondition.Theyprefertodividethespectrumofhealthanddiseaseinto(1)health,(2)absenceofdisease,and(3)disease.Intheirview,thosewhoarenotinprimeconditionandarenotphysicallyfitcannotbeconsideredashealthymerelybecausetheyhavenodisease.

Healthyinvolvesmorethanphysicalfitness,sinceitalsoimpliesmentalandemotionalwell-being.Shouldtheangry,frustrated,emotionallyunstablepersoninexcellentphysicalconditionbecalledhealthy?Certainlyhecouldnotbecharacterizedaseffectivelyfunctioningincompleteharmonywithhisenvironment.Indeed,suchanindividualisincapableofgoodjudgmentandrationalresponse.Health,then,isnotmerelytheabsenceofillnessordiseasebutinvolvestheabilitytofunctioninharmonywithone'senvironmentandtomeettheusualandsometimesunusualdemandsofdailylife.

Thedefinitionsofillnessanddiseaseareequallydifficultproblems.Despitethefactthatthesetermsareoftenusedinterchangeably,illnessisnottobeequatedwithdisease.Apersonmayhaveadiseaseformanyyearswithoutevenbeingawareofitspresence.Althoughheisdiseased,heisnotiii.Similarly,thediabeticpersonwhohasknowndiseaseandhasreceivedadequateinsulintreatmentisnotill.Thecancervictimisoftentotallyunawareofhisdisorderandisnotilluntilafterlongyearsofgrowthoftheturnout,duringwhichtimeitcausesnosymptoms.Thetermillnessimpliesdiscomfortor

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Watervaporplaysalmostnoroleinmoderngreenhousewarming.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

EnglishandAmericanjudgesaretryingtousealternativesentencingtopunishsomecriminals.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Wheatcerealsaresuggestedtogivetobabiesweanedfrombreastmilkinordertoobtainiron.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Fromthepassagewecaninferthistextbookiswrittenmainlyfor______toread.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(16)

A.Hecanhangafewmorepaintings.

B.Hecanpaintthewalltomatchthefurniture.

C.Hecanputupsomemorecheerfulpaintings.

D.Hecansavesomemoreroomforpaintings.

22.(28)

A.Bytakingitawaywithher.

B.Bycarryingitonherback.

C.Byputtingitonasafespot.

D.Bypressingitagainstherbody.

23.(29)

A.Writtenbychildrenthemselves.

B.Printedwithstandardthings.

C.Tellingstoriesaboutthereaderhimself.

D.Publishedwiththehelpofcomputers.

24.(25)

A.Expandingandsecure.

B.Contracting,yetstable.

C.Growing,yetuncertain.

D.Promising,yetshrinking.

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Sorry,IseemtohaveleftmystudentIDcardathome.

W:Doyouhaveadriver'slicenseorsomethingelsewithapictureonit?

Q:Whatdoesthemanneedtodo?

(12)

A.Filloutanapplicationform.

B.Getanewpicturetaken.

C.Takeadrivingtest.

D.Showproofofhisidentity.

26.(36)

A.Massachusetts.B.Texas.C.California.D.Connecticut.

27.听力原文：W:Soyouareuptosometennisthisafternoonorwhat?

M:Well,totellyouthetruth,I'mnotfeelingsohottoday.

W:Comeon.Howlonghasitbeensinceweplayed?

M:Acoupleofdays.

W:Acoupleofdays?Comeon.It'sbeenmorethanacoupleofdays.

M:Yeah.Iguessyou'reright.It'sbeenalmostaweek.

W:It'sbeenexactlyaweek.Andweusedtoplayatleastthreetimesthisweek.

M:Iknow.Playingrightafterclasswassomethingtolookforwardto.

W:Yeah.Anditwasrightbeforedinner.Sowebuiltupourappetite.

M:I'vejustbeenverybusy.Iguess.Andmystomachisbotheringmetoday.

W:ButyoulookOKtome.

M:Well,IwasuplatewithSteveinthelibraryworkingonaproject.Wegottodoitbytomorrow.We'vebeenworkingonitallweekend.AndIwasdrinkingalotofcoffee.Iguess,Ijustdranktoomuch.

W:Listen.Itookthatclasslastsemester.AndIcouldmeetyouinthelibrarylatertonightandhelpyouwithitifyouwant.Andthenyouhavetimetoplaytennisthisafternoon.

M:Yeah.Iguessmystomachdoesn'thurtthatbad.AndIcouldcertainlyuseyourhelp.Butit'salso...

W:Istheresomethingelsebotheringyou?

M:Well,tobehonest,I'mgettingtired.

W:OK,don'tworry.Youmaytakesometimetorest.Wewillmeetfortennissometimelater.

(20)

A.Whattheman'splansarefortonight.

B.Whythemandoesnotwanttoplaytennis.

C.Whytheydonothavetimetoplaytennisafterclasstoday.

D.Whattimetheycanmeetinthelibrary.

28.听力原文：Kuwaitisacountrywhichisquitesmall,butwhichisveryrich.Ithasapopulationofalittlemorethanamillion,anditissituatedattheNorthendofthePersianGulf.Thissmalldesertcountryisoneoftheworld'sleadingoilproducers,andithasapproximatelyfifteenpercentoftheworld'sleadingoilproducers,andithasapproximatelyfifteenpercentoftheworld'sknownpetroleumreserves.Sincethediscoveryofoilin1938,Kuwait'sruleshaveturnedthecountryintoaprosperouswelfarestate.Ithasfreeprimaryandsecondaryeducation,freehealthcareandsocialservices;andtheKuwaitisdonothavetopayanypersonalincometaxforthoseservices.Therateofliteracyishighandconstantlygrowing.TheUniversityofKuwaitwasopenedin1966,butmanyoftheKuwaitistudentsstillstudyincollegesanduniversitiesabroad,atstateexpense.Kuwaitis,needlesstopointout,anArabcountry,andabout99percentofthepeoplewholivethereareMoslems.ButfewerthanhalfoftheseMoslemsareactuallycitizensofKuwait.ThisisbecausetherearemanyMoslemimmigrantslivingandworkingthere.ManyoftheserecentimmigrantshavecomefromallovertheArabworld—fromplaceslikeEgypt,Syria,Lebanon，fromOman,andfromtheSudan.Indians,Pakistanis,andIraniansliveandworkinKuwait,too.Theotheronepercentofthepopulation,inotherwords,thenonMoslems,arerecentimmigrantswhowereattractedbytheopportunitiestoworkfortheoilcompanies.ThereareseveralthousandEuropeansandAmericansinKuwait.Manyofthemareemployedbytheoilcompanies.

(30)

A.13%B.16%C.14%D.15%

29.(46)

30.听力原文：W:Hello,ProfessorKristiva.MynameisAlbertHumphries,andIliveinLondon.

M:MissHumphries.Whatisyourquestion?

W:I'vebeenstudyingItalianforsomeyears.ButIfinditverydifficulttospeak,andwhenIwenttoMilanthissummer,Icouldn'tunderstandtheItalianpeopleatall.Igotreallydisheartened.

M:HowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingItalian?

W:Aboutfouryears.I'vebeengoingtoaneveningclassandI'vewatchedBBC.

M:DidyoubuytheBBChook?

W:No,weuseadifferentbookintheclass.

M:Yes,Isee,MissHumphries,Ialwaysthinkthatlearningalanguageisratherlikelearningtodrive.Now,youcouldn'tlearntodriveacarbysittinginaclassroomorwatchingtelevision.Ithinkwhatyouneedisalotofpracticeinusingthelanguage.

W:That'sallverywellifyouliveinItaly.

M:Yes,Iunderstandtheproblem.Youmightarrangewithanotherstudentorstudentstohaveregularconversationpractice.

W:ButtheotherstudentsmakethesamemistakesasIdo.

M:Ithinkyou'reconfusinglearningwithpracticing.Learningtospeakmeansbeingabletoputtogethertherightgroupsofwordsandtosaytheminareasonablyaccurateway.

W:AndwhataboutlearningtounderstandrealItalian?

M:Well,again,youneedpracticeinhearingtheItalianlanguagespokenbyItalianspeakers.GetoneofthemtoreadItaliannewspaperontoacassette.Thenyoulistentotherecordinguntilyoualmostknowthembyheart.Youdon'tneedahugevocabulary.Youneedasmallvocabularythatyoucanusereallyefficiently,andtobeabletodethatyouneedlotsandlotsofpractice.

(20)

A.HowtostudyItalianGrammar.

B.HowtoenlargeherItalianvocabulary.

C.HowtoimproveherspeakingandlisteninginItalian.

D.HowtoimproveherreadingskillsinItalian.

31.

【B9】

32.

【B10】

33.(35)

A.Aspecialmilkbottle.

B.Amethodtotakewateroutofmilk.

C.Awaytokillbacteriainmilk.

D.Machinestofillbottlesautomatically.

34.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：TheWorldSocialForummetforthefirsttimeattheendoflastmonthinPortoAlegre,Brazil.TheWorldSocialForumisanewinternationalconferencethatwillmeeteveryyear.Itsgoalistocreateandexchangesocialandeconomicprojects.Theprojectswillsupporthumanrights,socialjusticeanddevelopmentthatdoesnotwastenaturalresources.

MostoftherepresentativesattherecentWorldSocialForumopposeglobalization.Theydonotagreewiththeeconomictheoryofaworldwideeconomy.Somepeopleattendingtheforumwantedtoendthemovementtowardaglobaleconomy.Otherswantedtoreform.it.

ActivistsattheWorldSocialForumsayglobalizationpolicieshavecausedagreaterinequalitybetweenthepoorestandtherichestpeopleintheworld.TheForummettofindwaystosupporteconomicpoliciesbasedontheneedsofpoorpeopleandtheenvironment.

UnitedNationsstudiesshowthatthepoorest20%oftheworld'speoplehavelosthalfoftheirshareoftheworld'sincomesince1960.Theirsharedroppedfrom2.4%to1.1%.Duringthesameyears,incomeincreasedfortherichesttwentypercentofthepopulation.Therichpeopleincreasedtheirshareofworldincomefrom69%to86%.

(27)

A.Tofightagainstsocialinjustice.

B.Todevelopandexchangesocialandeconomicprojects.

C.Tolaunchacampaignagainstenvironmentalpollution.

D.Topreservenaturalresources.

35.(22)

A.Shedoesn'tknowhowtoswim.

B.Thewaterwastoodeep.

C.Thewaterwastoocold.

D.Shedidn'thaveenoughthe.

36.听力原文：M:Areyoufreethisafternoon,Mary?Ifyouhavesparetime,willyoujoinusinplayingvolleyball?Lilyhasgotabadcoldsoshecouldn'tplay.

W:I'dliketo.Anywaymybasketballlessonwascancelled,soaslongasIcangoswimmingat7p.m.that'sOK.

Q:Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?

(16)

A.Shewillplaybasketball.

B.ShewillgotoseeLily.

C.Shewillgoswimming.

D.Shewiltplayvolleyball.

37.听力原文：W:Oh,hi,Daniel.Areyougoingtothein-servicegainingtoday?

M:Youbet.Imissedthetrainingsessionlastmonth,soIhavetobesuretomakethisone.Aren'tyouexcitedabouttheprogram?

W:Notreally.BeforeIbecameanurseIdroveanambulanceandhadalotofemergencymedicaltraining.Practicingbasicfirstaidtechniquesisakindofboringforme.

M:WellIcanunderstandthat.Butyouknow,it'samazinghowquicklyyougetoutofpractice.Asnursesinahospital,wehaveallthefancyequipmentformedicalemergencies-andplentyofdoctorsaround,sowehardlyevergetachancetopracticebasictechniques.They'rereallyeasytoforget.Andyouknowthatpracticemakesperfect.

W:Icanseeyourpoint,anditneverhurtstoreviewwhatyou'realreadysupposedtoknow.Bytheway,who'steachingtheclassthistime?

M:Dr.Huston.She'sthenewemergencyroomphysician.

W:Well,shecertainlyoughttoknowwhatshe'stalkingabout.I'veheardshe'sareallygoodsurgeon.

M:That'sright.I'vebeentakingcareofsomeofthepatientssheworkedon,andtheyallthinkhighlyofher.

W:Whenareyougoingtoheadovertotheclassroom?

M:Immediately.I'mjustonmywaythere.Doyouwanttowalkovertogether?

W:Thatsoundsgoodtome.Let'sgoandprepareforthetraining.

(20)

A.Atadentistoffice.

B.Inaschool.

C.Inanambulance.

D.Atahospital.

38.听力原文：SomestudentsattheOpenUniversityleftschool20yearsago.Othersareyoungerbutallmustbeatleast21yearsold.ThisisoneexampleofhowtheOpenUniversityisdifferentfromallotheruniversities.Itsstudentsmusteitherworkfull-timeorbeathomeallday,forinstance,mothersoffamilies.Theydonothavetopassanyexaminationsbeforetheyareacceptedasstudents.Thisiswhytheuniversityiscalled"open".Theuniversitywasstartedinordertohelpaknowngroup-peoplewhomissedhavingauniversityeducationwhentheywereyoung.

ThefirstnamefortheOpenUniversitywas"TheUniversityoftheAir".Theideawastoteach"ontheair",inotherwords,onradioandtelevision.Mostoftheteachingisdonelikethis.Radioandtelevisionhavebroughttheclassroomintopeople'shomes.Butthis,onitsown,isnotenoughforauniversityeducation.TheOpenUniversitystudentalsoreceivesadviceatoneof283studycentersinthecountry.36weeksoftheyearhehastosendwrittenworktoa"tutor",thepersonwhoguideshisstudies.Hemustalsospend3weekseverysummerasafull-timestudent.Tutorsandstudentsmeetandstudytogether,asinotheruniversities.AttheendoftheOpenUniversity'sfirstyear,theresultsweregood.Threeoutofevery4studentspassedtheirexaminations.Iftheydothiseveryyear,theywillfinishtheirstudiesinfourorfiveyears.

(33)

A.Becausethestudentshavetopassallexaminationsbeforeenteringit.

B.Becausethereisnoexaminationbeforetheyareacceptedasstudents.

C.Becausethereisnogate.

D.Becauseitnevercloses.

39.(41)

40.

【B11】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

WhoshouldberesponsibleforthedeathofEverettEmersonHatcheraccordingtothepassage?

42.

Themorecivilizedearlymentendedto______.

A.makepracticaluseofmeteorites

B.preservemeteoritescarefully

C.havenointerestinmeteorites

D.recognizewhatmeteoritesactuallywere

43.Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavior.atitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehavior.moreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematte.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristine(未受外界影响的)eyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobingshecannotgobehindthesestereotypes(固定的模式);hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavior.oftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiessocialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thefigure(这种比喻)becomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhisculture,andbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.

Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat______.

A.customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior

B.thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom

C.peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlook

D.customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking

44.

WhydoestheauthorsayBritainhasgivenblessingtoFrance'snuclearambition?

A.BritishEnergywaschangedtoastate-ownedenergygiant.

B.BritishgovernmentwillnevercompetewithFranceinnuclearpower.

C.ThecompanyBritishgovernmentholdsshareswaspurchasedbyFrenchone.

D.BritishEnergy'sincorporationwillhavenonegativeeffects.

45.

Bysaying"nobodyundersellsAmerica"(Underlined),theauthormeansthat______.

A.noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproducts

B.nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommodities

C.nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoods

D.noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethanAmerica

46.

【C4】

47.

Thewritersaysthatprimatesshowlittlehostility______.

A.towardssoldiersandotherhumanbeings

B.excepttowardsanimalssuchaslions,leopards,tigersorwildcats

C.unlesstheirownparticularareaisinvaded

D.towardsothergroupsofthesamespeciesofmonkeyorape

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

workingpeoplecansupporttheirfamilies.It'samyththathasbecomesodivorcedfromrealitythatitmightaswellbeginwiththewords"Onceuponatime."Today1.6millionNewYorkerssufferfrom"foodinsecurity,"whichisafancywayofsayingtheydon'thaveenoughtoeat.Somearethepeoplewhocomeinatnightandcleantheskyscrapersthatglitteralongtheriver.Somepourcoffeeandtakecareoftheagedparentsofthepeoplewholiveinthosebuildings.TheAmericanDreamforthewell-to-dogrowsfromthebowedbacksoftheworkingpoor,whotoooftenhavetochoosebetweengroceriesandrent.

Inanewbookcalled"TheBetrayalofWork",BethShulmansaysthateveninthebooming1990soneoutofeveryfourAmericanworkersmadelessthan$8.70anhour,anincomeequaltothegovernment'spovertylevelforafamilyoffour.Many,ifnotmost,oftheseworkershadnohealthcare,sickpayorretirementprovisions.

Weeaseourconsciences,Shulmanwrites,bydescribingthesepeopleas"lowskilled,"asthoughthey'renotimportantorintelligentenoughtodeservemore.Butlow-skilledworkerstodayarebettereducatedthaneverbefore,andtheyconstitutethelinchpin(关键)ofAmericanindustry.Whenpoliticianscrow(得意洋洋地说)happydaysarehereagainbecausejobsareontherise,it'sthesejobsthey'rereallytalkingabout.Fiveofthe10occupationsexpectedtogrowbiginthenextdecadeareinthelowest-payingjobgroups.Andbeforewesitbackanddecidethat'sjustthewayitis,it'sinstructivetoconsidertherestoftheworld.Whilethebottom10percentofAmericanworkersearnjust37percentofouraveragewage,theircounterpartsinotherindustrializedcountriesearnupwardsof60percent.Andthosearecountriesthatprovidehealthcareandchildcare,whicheasestheeconomicpinchconsiderably.

Almost40yearsago,whenLyndoJohnsondeclaredwaronpoverty,afamilywithacarandahouseintheSuburbsfeltprosperous.Todaythatsamefamilymaywellfeelpoor,becomethebackboneofAmericanlife.Whenthemiddleclassfeelpoor,thepoorhavelittlechanceforchange,orevenrecognition.

Bysaying"itmightaswellbeginwiththewords'Onceuponatime'"(Para.1)theauthorsuggeststhattheAmericanmythis______.

49.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthemassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaigns?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Indifference.

50.FreshwaterlifeitselfhasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversinceTheOldTestament(旧约全书),Godpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain.Watersuppliesherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.

Theregion'sacceleratingpopulation,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementwasteit.SaidJoyceStartoftheGlobalWaterSummitInitiative,basedinWashington,D.C."NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyaresuingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened."

Icameheretoexaminethiscrisisinthemaking,toinvestigatefearsthat"waterwars"areimminent,thatwaterhasreplacedoilastheregion'smostcontentiouscommodity.FormorethantwomonthsItraveledthroughthreerivervalleysandsevennations—fromsouthernTurkeydowntheEuphratesRivertoSyria,Iraq,andontoKuwait;toIsraelandJordan,neighborsacrossthevalleyoftheJordan;tothetimelessEgyptianNile.

Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichin1990hadfreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmeters(2.6milliongallons)ayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhad5,500,Turkeyhad4,000,andSyriahadmorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialwasonly1,100.Israelhad460.Jordanhadameager260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.

Scarcityisonlyoneelementofthecrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifnationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligiousrivalries,waterseldomstandsaloneasanissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromtrustingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Here,wherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterandsupplyitsowntruth.

AsIsraelihydrologyprofessorUriShamirtoldme:"Ifthereispoliticalwillforpeace,waterwillnotbeahindrance.Ifyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillnotbeahindrance,lfyouwantreasonstofight,waterwillgiveyouampleopportunities."

Whydoestheauthorusethephrase"fornextNovember"(Line3,Para.1)?

A.AccordingtotheOldTestamentfreshwaterisavailableonlyi