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XX大学,XX年XX月XX日

Constructioncontrolandsafetyofpilefoundations

如何在桩基设计规范中定量考虑施工检测的作用

xxx

xx大学土木与环境工程系1HKUSTContentsIntegratedesignandconstructionqualityassuranceProposeaproceduretoinvestigatetheeffectofconstructioncontrolonthesafetyofdrivenpilesProvidetheoreticalbasistoderivefactorsusedtoconsidertheeffectofconstructioncontrolindesigncodes2HKUSTConstructioncontroltestsoranalysesManytypesofconstructioncontroltestsoranalysesareroutinelycarriedoutasameanstocopewithuncertaintiesFinalsettestsDynamictestsusingpiledrivinganalyzers(PDA)WaveequationanalyseswithmeasurementsBlowcountanddrivingenergymonitoringStaticloadingtests3HKUST4HKUSTPDAtest5HKUSTExample:aseven-stepprocessforselectingdrivingcriteria

(Belletal.2002)1

Evaluatesubsurfaceandperformstaticpilecapacityanalysis2Selectpreliminarydrivingcriterionusingwaveequationanalysis3Driveprobe(orindicator)pilesacrossthesiteareaanduseaPDAtoevaluatecapacity,drivingstresses,andhammerperformance,includingre-tappingofselectedpilesafterinitialset-up4EvaluateandadjustthedrivingcriterionbasedontheresultsofthePDA5

Drivestatictestpile(s)usingthereviseddrivingcriterion6

Loadtestthetestpile(s)7Performafinalevaluationofthedrivingcriterionfortheproductionpilesbasedonthestaticloadingtestresults6HKUSTAllowablestressdesign(ASD)GeotechnicalresistanceDeformationRn=Nominalresistance(nominalultimatebearingcapacity)FS=FactorofsafetyQi=Nominalloadeffectdi=Estimateddisplacementunderthenominalserviceloadeffectdn=Tolerabledisplacement

7HKUSTFactorofsafetyAfactortocompensateforalluncertaintiesindesign,notsimplyafactorofstrengthreserve.Allfoundationmayfail!Theproblemishowlikely.FOSdependson:

RequiredreliabilityConsequencesoffailureUncertaintiesinsoilpropertiesandappliedloads

LevelofconstructioncontrolCost-benefitconsiderations8HKUSTFactorofsafetyandlevelofconstructioncontrol(basedonLikins,2004)9HKUSTLimitstates

Alimitstateisaconditionbeyondwhichastructuralcomponentceasestofulfillthefunctionforwhichitisdesigned(Withiametal1997).Strengthlimitstates(ultimatelimitstates)GeotechnicalresistanceStructuralresistanceServicelimitstates(functionofstructureunderexpectedserviceloads)Deformations,vibration,cracking,localdamage,deterioration(durability)10HKUSTSomeultimatelimitstatesforfoundations11HKUSTProbabilitydensityfunctionfQ,fRQ,R_Q_RAreaprobabilityoffailureLoadeffectQResistanceRProbabilityoffailure,pf

=P(R<Q)ConceptofreliabilitybaseddesignMeanFS=/NominalFS=Rn/Sn_R_QQnRn12HKUSTLimitstatedesignUltimatelimitstates(MOC2002)Tobecheckedindesignofalltypesofstructures&loadcombinationsServiceabilitylimitstatesTobecheckedonlyforimportantordifficultfoundations

13HKUSTGeotechnicalresistance:

Servicelimitstate:

(sameasASD)

Rn=Nominalresistancef=Resistancefactor,asafunctionoflevelofconstructioncontrolQi=Loadeffect

gi=Loadfactor,definedinsuperstructuredesign=Factortoaccountforeffectsofductility,redundancyandoperationalimportance,>0.95di=Estimateddisplacementunderthenominalloadeffect(ServiceIloadcombination,gD=gL=1.0)dn=TolerabledisplacementLoadandresistancefactordesign(AASHTO)14HKUSTTargetreliabilityindex(MOC2001)

UltimatelimitstatesFailuretypeGeotechnicalcategoryCategoryICategoryIICategoryIIIDuctilefailureBrittlefailure

ServiceabilitylimitstatesbT=0ifthedisplacements,cracks,localdamagesetc. causedbyloadeffectsarereversibleafterthe loadeffectsareremoved.bT=1.5iftheseserviceabilityindicatorsareirreversible aftertheloadeffectsareremoved.15HKUSTResistancefactorsforgeotechnicalstrengthlimitstateofaxiallyloadedsinglepiles(fromAASHTO1998)16HKUSTValuesoflvforvariousmethodsofpileconstructioncontrol(fromAASHTO1998)17HKUSTReliabilitymethodtoconsidereffectofconstructioncontrolEstimateempiricalstatisticsofadesignmethodReducethevariabilityofthedesignmethodgiventheoutcomeofacontroltestoraseriesofcontroltestsObtainnewstatisticsofthedesignmethodObtainnewpartialfactors/resistancefactorstoachievetargetreliability18HKUSTUncertaintyofdesignmethods19HKUSTBi告as榴f营ac嗓to蠢r遣an谢d习co数ef陈fi酸ci纵en拣t窝of尽v竖ar过ia邮ti城on献f火or绢v沫ar毯io们us踢d算es坑ig奶n连me英th槽od虏s*No他te幕:20HK浊US腐TWh仔at睬h哈ap牧pe悦ns吩i赵f偏te赔st周p挥il呢es蜘p岔as隶s刻co舟nt忽ro星l膊te眯st其s?筋–秃B访ay固es赖ia贸n甚re男gr扁es裙si猪on字a刃na染ly腰si绕sx=虹me朗as肢ur骄ed费p猜il备e爷ca辆pa吉ci训ty补/p枝re梯di炊ct崇ed描p技il柔e纪ca仿pa惑ci营tyxfo够ll浸ow觉s讽a牺lo欣gn盾or丧ma没l绕di适st崖ri坑bu子ti架onEm劈燕pi洪ri铁ca熊l挽st悉at赛is宰ti择ca并l岭va盼lu著es识o烘fxme恨anmst倡an美da脂rd拒d韵ev盯ia粗ti列onsTa吹ke己t倾he薯m帜ea秋nmas革a蛮v孩ar昨ia誓bl凯eA谎pi次le概p凭as馋se汁snco剑ns情ec氏ut众iv京e叔co魂ns暂tr慕uc烧ti灰on佛t菠es烧ts培a市tx=xT,址th匆en目t珍he率p帖ro享ba愁bi首li洋ty梨t镜ha盐t揉al姓l孩of吨t秃hente伙st丸p功il枪es牲d套o彻no找t帐fa河il女a脊txTis没(菊Zh惑an渔g,野2袄00镰4)撞i遇sTh味e火di光st付ri泄bu尝ti饭on物o未fxis紫t垦he劝n品up钱da因te疾dUp嫂da则te症d恶st显at留is奖ti链cs粉f转orx:脊la明rg紧erman艇d雾sm房诚al币le累rs21HK疫US停TEx购am丽pl勾e:钥D让es厨ig码n艰ba辞se誓d醋on放a宵S汁PT厉m强et今ho址d予(M博ey验er掩ho违f悄19弄76扔)哨an邻d性ve僚ri碗fi罩ed地b延y助pr傻oo思f女te男st抬s拥at疲t浆wi锅ce党t月he兴d打es季ig存n才lo装adlR=改1.拆30CO茅VR=氏0.重5022HK现US面TEx句am臣pl炼e:Up龟da归te及d隔bi艺as润f旷ac震to睛r史an衣d铁co被ef载fi瘦ci搞en袄t太of叛v葬ar飘ia于ti饰on勇a妻s结fu说nc辽ti舱on肆o捉f矮pi值le忙c锈ap淘ac秒it宁y23HK称US累TCa半lc百ul堂at旦in需g等re桑si塔st患an膛ce开f勉ac妙to拢r赵ba侧se声d朴on披u慌pd翻at字ed芹p在il炊e料ca马pa补ci拢ty亿s治ta畅ti特st台ic跨sCO扩VR,曾CO椅VQD,单an效d差CO屿VQL=贵co饺ef轨fi辨ci扩en展ts供o泳f兄va灾ri轰at清io坛n缎of师r龟es挡is虫ta进nc育e育R,松d生ea兆d材lo孟ad些QD,龄an偷d甜li谎ve厘l夏oa佳d马QL,扩re膊sp陶ec堡ti洪ve插ly盒;lR,lQD,费an洁dlQL=除bi邀as书f乌ac江to误rs品o幼f呼re握si碰st工an惑ce属,悲de键ad间l饭oa穷d,腹a颜nd拢l答iv脂e于lo修ad秋,祸re各sp籍ec贸ti星ve碰ly环;Dan际d歇L=文lo赵ad房诚f亡ac塞to呜rs争f漫or相d柱ea声d渔lo夜ad第a今nd免l刘iv左e宽lo炎ad道,党re界sp师ec枕ti侨ve麻ly受;bT=览ta产rg刮et候r历el枣ia叛bi信li筐ty轧i适nd和ex24HK仇US拾TEf黎fe疗ct扛o霸f招co秀ns孕tr册uc斯ti桨on丙c得on贯tr任ol论o万n训sa终fe朗ty谣f凑ac轻to柏rRe竿qu御ir否ed缠f时ac乌to牛r起of抚s宣af哈et诵y赵af批te阵r逆ve茶ri奶fi猪ca遵ti津on妈b烘y格di弃ff溪er贱en端t涂le羽ve决ls肃o说f伤co荡ns名tr盯uc淘ti目on键c愧on舰tr认ol邻a策tbT=违2.堤025HK良US炸TRe铅qu狗ir鸣ed哪f川ac戒to啦r狭of绘s猜af脆et闪y其af锻te陶r岁ve从ri吊fi滔ca咐ti倍on贵b刊y划di亦ff为er拥en想t隔le虽ve咐ls币o昌f效co侦ns探tr惕uc裹ti烈on筑c蹦on帅tr凑ol跌a续tbT=宪2.洁5Ef私fe乐ct崖o闲f胖co纺ns爹tr碎uc钞ti摔on件c抢on权tr乎ol温o羽n符sa戒fe森ty份f云ac间to渠r26HK熊US刺TTh过e跪re胳qu思ir垒ed示F仇S罪ca狭n香be宰s栗ub届st懒an既ti猎al择ly块r废ed自uc德ed剧t耽hr暮ou烧gh紧c够ar福ef睡ul释c把on凑st斜ru淘ct壳io手n梨co绿nt源ro免l.师T技he春r隙eq象ui既re饮d疮FS守c墙an驳b蛾e止re饺du位ce查d即fr银om童3靠.5林0达fo乞r掠th岔e膊st榆at能ic绩a贸na子ly耕si势s亚me元th窑od励b猎as兴ed主o势n技th敏e稿SP饺T欧to聋1技.4峡2斑atbT=笑2.占0,呀a乡丰nd筐t寄o枕1.腾80兔a早tbT=岩2.勒5孙fo脊r嫂th观e剃sa著me村a均na坑ly族si嘴s萝th沉at耳i舍s溉ve谣ri题fi施ed麻w妈it树h镰tw普o元CA躺PW敞AP向a醒na金ly该se工s提pl沾us爆t陵wo茶s迈ta后ti炉c民lo猾ad事in由g撞te徐st离s.Th园e千re蜂qu丈ir圣ed值F痕S列de朝cr助ea都se俊s剧wi注th副t糊he葱l艘ev零el绣o醉f液co农ns牺tr荷uc辉ti倾on吃c群on梅tr班ol辨.剧Fo绒r忙in秧st耳an轨ce喂,剖us评in诊g交th明e膏SP觉T缝me瓜th正od川,裳th辉e哄re坝qu予ir修ed筋F岔Ss承t拥o霸re哥ac杆hbT=位2.拿5印ar颈e答2.佛24茂,仅2.爷03好a痒nd落1斯.8财0,松r问es或pe菊ct次iv虎el撑y宽af先te税r南ve然ri秃fi火ca肯ti集on河b晓y焦tw骑o腊PD淘A疫te喜st眨s,衔t党wo效s宗ta虾ti摇c械lo径ad叼in蹲g福te抹st泊s,娃a尖nd尽t哨wo映P闲DA劲t赢es川ts亩p菊lu些s赏tw夸o稼st门at始ic翅l容oa捞di抖ng栋t寇es纯ts围.Th踪蝶e送re亦qu锁ir仔ed疤F咸Ss势f泰or氏d用if擦fe划re躁nt绸d枣es裤ig饺n池me喷th概od择s宰to僵r宁ea鸭ch恭t价he击r蚕eq受ui尼re帜d烈ta苦rg乒et探r袖el奥ia废bi哗li姥ty恰a烛re圾d滚if便fe茶re休nt永b呆ec阻au柱se酒e牲ac胶h禁me走th堂od牲i慢s尿as伸so籍ci袜at戴ed臭w袄it祥h铁di海ff刘er菠en硬t规bi纹as硬a义nd寒C观OV穴.机Th大us瞒i拘t旦is涝n患ot汁r票ea证so冒na篇bl若e相to闭s补pe觉ci避fy划t序he蕉s森am既e枯FS扑f特or冤d枪if衣fe窜re嫂nt侄d泉es胀ig税n识me附th通od索s茄if嘉t括he潜se责d决es坝ig贩n茄me匠th也od员s巨ar雀e需no竹t态su标ff俗ic每ie临nt懒ly凭v蜻er搞if指ie立d厘by谱c旁on筹tr糠ol楼t底es铺ti刮ng胞.Af纽奉te勇r赤ve炸ri摇fi融ed尺b绵y鼓su畜ff从ic俊ie毕nt支c厉on狼st抄ru富ct描io喝n亿co异nt扇ro研l兔te年st纠in汗g,椒t们he站r蜜eq其ui碧re降d蜡FS蓬s谋fo乞r复di迎ff井er祸en描t胜de菊si霜gn席m辩et白ho谈ds驰a浆re诉n方ot母s腥en密si划ti晨ve摇t龄o磨th琴e土ac汁cu多ra劳cy晓o吗f插th栏e港in池di总vi繁du城al戴m震et桶ho全ds咽.驰Fo菠r详ex毒am驱pl瓦e,塘t纱he瓦r让eq笋ui阻re病d炒FS币s臂fo验r浅th疮e敢fi见ve道d拐es扰ig例n革me趋th打od桑s辟af蛙te赵r恒ve的ri袍fi沙ca态ti素on暑b尖y使tw究o对PD诸A窗te烂st垦s共pl趣us荐t努wo既s交ta泻ti挑c侦lo凭ad运in打g勤te近st悲s脑fa共ll努i色nt款o住na庸rr谜ow拳r召an氧ge质s肢1.渠44符-1浮.5刮5窝an源d竞1.刑80严-1晕.8别8.27HK盛US起TEf访fe厉ct烛o巴f说co犯ns利tr矛uc染ti惊on母c粥on顽tr胶ol油o房诚n纠re甲si瓦st炮an僵ce育f土ac础to序rRe扯qu掘ir吊ed劝r秘es贝is虽ta秋nc管e税fa炼ct掏or过a牌ft讯er痒v振er求if米ic览at刮io满n骨by域d晋if灰fe姿re照nt名l征ev艺el短s弱of抚c欠on两st烦ru茎ct眉io森n竞co诞nt胜ro司l煤atbT=柄2.跪528HK牺US厌TTh哥e垮re拆qu事ir策edfin右cr坐ea果se器s铅wi钟th喜t旦he恳l但ev割el熄o报f桨co鹿ns昌tr铁uc葡ti抛on皱c闸on投tr恼ol豆.臣Fo奋r卖th丑e孝de创si扬gn题b盾as叠ed优o顶n叫th轰e猛SP择T玻me弦th科od筐,计th售e间re柱qu你ir车edfaf机te土r漫ve挂ri红fi你ca模ti屑on赶b隔y怀tw还o殃PD杂A艇te妨st颈s恶on距ly星,怕tw减o分st久at执ic用l滔oa蕉di线ng震t俩es臣ts丘o搭nl亦y,础a厅nd末t皂wo需P铺DA愈t刷es粪ts罩p勿lu泉s鹅tw云o故st抓at运ic隐l桨oa谅di庙ng暴t貌es规ts记a咏re熟0县.6笑1,肾0任.6回9,爽a攀nd材0冷.7桶5,担r惠es调pe阀ct纷iv攻el臣y.Af饲te甘r盒sa爆ti誉sf耐yi宽ng冤s变uf扶fi消ci饼en袭t简co指ns养tr膏uc友ti秋on换c拆on贵tr薄ol原t谁es熄ts毯o烦r被an烛al齿ys桑es矛,腰th粱e封re摔qu识ir新edfva违lu蹈es卖f葵or遵t僚he皂f每iv淋e敞de夺si盐gn菜m探et老ho扛ds较a壮re蹄n红ot救s礼en篮si幼ti失ve情t类o播th卸e恼ac障cu笑ra归cy没o晃f壤th诸e蛮in谅di驰vi玩du凤al道m曲et裕ho昨ds筹.宿Fo桥r沫in碰st宵an含ce梦,性af闪te久r报ve梦ri坟fi炒ca表ti趁on驰b签y疯tw种o沫PD生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