化妆品中使用的颜色添加剂

ColorAdditivesUsedinCosmetics课前回顾与预习Task1哪些化妆品会使用颜色添加剂？你能命名哪些颜色？你了解颜色添加剂的管理法规吗？1PART1[Overview概述]2PART2[Safety安全性]1PART1[Overview概述]2PART2[Safety安全性]01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT1[FullText全文阅读]Coloradditivesprovideconsumerswitheverythingfromtheredtintintheirblushtothegreenhueoftheirmint-flavoredtoothpaste.Theyaredyes,pigments,orothersubstancesthatcanimpartcolorwhenaddedorappliedtoafood,drugorcosmetic.Theycanbefoundinawiderangeofconsumerproducts—fromcoughsyrupandbreakfastcerealtocontactlensesandeyeliner.Moderndaycoloradditiveshavebeensafelyusedformorethan150yearstomakecosmeticandpersonalcareproductsdecorative,attractiveandappealing.Coloradditivesmaybeusedtocreateaproductimageorrecognition,the"mood"oftheproduct,orothervisualimpressions.Priortothedevelopmentofthewidecolorpalettecurrentlyavailable,productstendedtoappeardrabandcolorswereveryunstableandfadedquickly.Mixingcolorstoachievetheexactdesiredeffectrequiresgreatskillandknowledgeofthepropertiesoftheingredientsandproducts-itistrulyanartform.FacialMakeupProductsareproductsthatareusedtocolorandhighlightfacialfeatures.Theycaneitherdirectlyaddoraltercolororcanbeappliedoverafoundationthatservestomakethecolorevenandsmooth.01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT1[FullText全文阅读]Thevisualperceptionofcoloroccursprimarilybytheabsorptionand/orreflectionofvisiblelightbytheproductandcorrespondstohumansseeingred,yellow,blue,green,black,etc.Suchcolorderivesfromthedifferentwavelengthsoflightinteractingwiththelightreceptorcellsintheeyeandsendingamessagetothebrain.Coloradditiveshavelongbeenapartofhumanculture.Archaeologistsdatecosmeticcolorsasfarbackas5000B.C.,andancientEgyptianwritingstellofdrugcolorants.ManyofusarefamiliarwithandrecognizedrawingsofCleopatrawithherwonderfuleyemakeup.Historianssayfoodcolorslikelyemergedaround1500B.C.Beforethedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,colorsprimarilycamefromsubstancesfoundinnature,suchasindigo,turmeric,paprikaandsaffron.Butasthe19thcenturyapproached,newkindsofcolorsappearedthatofferedmarketerswidercoloringpossibilities.Thesecolors,madeinthelaboratory,werefoundtobemuchmorestablewithgreatercoloringintensity,meaningthatlesscolorantcouldbeusedintheproducttoaccomplishthesameeffect.Theyalsocouldbeproducedwithoutusingplantsharvestedinthewild.01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]ColorAdditiven.颜色添加剂FacialMakeupProductsn.面部彩妆产品01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]Hue/hjuː/n.色相，色泽Tone/toʊn/n.色调Shade/ʃeɪd/n.明暗度Tint/tɪnt/n.色调，明调/hue/01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]ColorTheorydefinesaTrueTintasanyHueormixtureofpurecolorswithonlyWhiteadded.Inotherwords,itremainsexactlythesamecolor,onlyapalerversion.(色彩理论将明调定义为，在任何色相或混合的纯色中只添加白色。换句话说，它还是原来的颜色，只是变浅了。)ColorTheorydefinesaTrueToneasanyHueormixtureofpurecolorswithonlyGrayadded.Thecolorremainsthesame,onlylessvibrant（色彩理论将色调定义为在任何色相或混合的纯色中只添加灰色。颜色没变，只是没那么鲜艳了。）ColorTheorydefinesaTrueShade​asanypureHueormixtureofpurecolorswithonlyBlackadded.AShadedarkensthecolor.ItremainsthesameHue,onlyadarkerversion.（色彩理论将明暗度度定义为，在任何色相或混合的纯色中只添加黑色。一个色块使颜色变暗。它保持了原来的色调，只是变暗了一些。）Whatabeautifulbluehue!Whatshadeofgreendoyoulike?Whichtonedoyouprefer?Thattintistoolight.Hue,Tint,ToneandShade/hue/01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]COLORisthegeneraltermweusetodescribeeveryhue,tint,toneorshadewesee.White,BlackandGrayareoftenreferredtoasacolor.（颜色是我们用来描述我们所看到的每种色相、色调、色调或阴影的通用术语。白色、黑色和灰色通常被称为一种颜色。）AHUEreferstothedominantColorFamilyofthespecificcolorwe'relookingat.White,BlackandGreyareneverreferredtoasaHue.（色相指的是我们所观察的特定颜色的主导色。白色、黑色和灰色不能被称为一种色相。）/hue/01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]Pigment/ˈpɪɡmənt/n.颜料Colorant/ˈkʌlərənt/n.着色剂Dye/daɪ/n.染料01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]Visual/ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj.视觉的，视力的visualimpression 视觉印像visualperception 视觉感知visualrffects 视觉效果visualfield 视野PaletteMixingcolor/ˈpælət/n.调色板；颜料调色Visible/ˈvɪzəbl/n.看得见的visiblelight 可见光01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]Absorption/əbˈzɔːrpʃn,əbˈsɔːrpʃn/n.吸收ReflectionWavelength/rɪˈflekʃn/n.反射/ˈweɪvleŋθ/n.波长Intensity/ɪnˈtensəti/n.强度01前缀：un- 无,不unreal不真实（un+real真实的）unfortunate不幸的（un+fortunate幸运的）unofficial非官方的（un+official官方的）unstable不稳定（un+stable稳定的）前缀：un- 打开，解开，弄出unlock开锁（un+lock锁）unbind解开（un+bind捆住）untomb掘墓（un+tomb墓）unearth从地下挖出（un+earth土地）PART1[SodiumLaurylSulfateandammoniumlaurylsulfate十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸铵]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]-ed 形容词后缀coloured有色的skilled熟练的dark-haired黑发的kinde-hearted好心的mint-flavored 薄荷风味的mint/mɪnt/薄荷flavor/ˈfleɪvər/风味01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]WordandPhrasefoundationblushtoothpastecontactlenseseyeliner粉底腮红牙膏隐形眼镜眼线笔01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]FacialMakeupProducts

areproductsthatareusedtocolorandhighlightfacialfeatures.面部化妆产品是用来着色和突出面部特征的产品。They

caneither

directlyaddor

altercolororcanbeappliedoverafoundationthatservestomakethecolorevenandsmooth.它们可以直接添加或改变颜色，也可以应用在粉底上，使色泽均匀和光滑。Coloradditives

provideconsumerswitheverythingfromtheredtintintheirblushtothegreenhueoftheirmint-flavoredtoothpaste.颜色添加剂为消费者提供了一切，从腮红的红色到薄荷味牙膏的绿色。They

aredyes,pigments,orothersubstances[thatcanimpartcolorwhenaddedorappliedtoafood,drugorcosmetic].它们是染料、颜料以及其他添加或应用于食品、药品或化妆品时能赋予颜色的物质。Theycanbefoundinawiderangeofconsumerproducts—fromcoughsyrupandbreakfastcerealtocontactlensesandeyeliner.它们存在于各种各样的消费品中，从止咳糖浆、早餐麦片到隐形眼镜和眼线笔。highlight突出；feature特征；alter改变;impart给予；cough咳嗽；syrup糖浆；cereal谷类01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]Moderndaycoloradditives

havebeensafelyusedformorethan150yearstomakecosmeticandpersonalcareproductsdecorative,attractiveandappealing.150多年来，现代颜色添加剂一直被安全地用于化妆品和个人护理产品，使其具有装饰性、吸引力和诱惑力。Coloradditives

maybeusedtocreateaproductimageorrecognition,the"mood"oftheproduct,orothervisualimpressions.颜色添加剂可用于创建产品形象或辨识，产品的格调，或其他视觉印象。Priortothedevelopmentofthewidecolorpalettecurrentlyavailable,products

tendedtoappeardrabandcolors

wereveryunstableandfadedquickly.在当前如此广泛的颜色被开发出之前，产品往往显得单调，并且颜色非常不稳定，褪色很快。Mixingcolorstoachievetheexactdesiredeffectrequiresgreatskillandknowledgeofthepropertiesoftheingredientsandproducts-itistrulyanartform.调色以达到理想的效果需要高超的技巧和对原料与产品特性的了解——这是一种真正的艺术形式。barrier屏障；unique独特的；silky丝滑的；temporary暂时的；recognition识别；drab单调；fade褪色01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]Thevisualperceptionofcoloroccursprimarilybytheabsorptionand/orreflectionofvisiblelightbytheproductand

correspondstohumansseeingred,yellow,blue,green,black,etc.颜色的视觉感知主要是通过产品对可见光的吸收和/或反射产生的，对应于人类看到红、黄、蓝、绿、黑等。Suchcolor

derivesfromthedifferentwavelengthsoflightinteractingwiththelightreceptorcellsintheeyeandsendingamessagetothebrain.这种颜色来源于不同波长的光与眼睛里的光感受器细胞相互作用，并向大脑发送信息。Coloradditives

havelongbeenapartofhumanculture.长期以来，颜色添加剂一直是人类文化的一部分。Archaeologists

datecosmeticcolorsasfarbackas5000B.C.,andancientEgyptianwritingstellofdrugcolorants.考古学家认为化妆品所用的颜色可以追溯到公元前5000年，古埃及著作中也提到了药物着色剂。Manyofus

arefamiliarwithandrecognizedrawingsofCleopatrawithherwonderfuleyemakeup.我们很多人都熟悉并认识画中带着迷人眼妆的克利奥帕特拉。receptor接收器；cell细胞；Archaeologist考古学家；01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]Historians

sayfoodcolorslikelyemergedaround1500B.C.历史学家说食用色素很可能出现在公元前1500年左右。Beforethedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,colorsprimarilycamefromsubstancesfoundinnature.在现代技术发展之前，颜色主要来自于自然界中的物质。Butasthe19thcenturyapproached,newkindsofcolors

appearedthatofferedmarketerswidercoloringpossibilities.但随着19世纪的到来，新的颜色出现了，为市场人员提供了更广泛的用色可能性。Thesecolors,madeinthelaboratory,werefoundtobemuchmorestablewithgreatercoloringintensity,meaningthatlesscolorantcouldbeusedintheproducttoaccomplishthesameeffect.这些在实验室中制造出来的颜色，在更强的着色强度下更加稳定，这意味着在产品中可以使用更少的着色剂来达到同样的效果。Theyalsocouldbeproducedwithoutusingplantsharvestedinthewild.它们也可以在不使用野生植物的情况下生产。emerge浮现；modern现代；accomplish实现1PART1[Overview概述]2PART2[Safety安全性]02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT1[FullText全文阅读]ColoradditivesaresubjecttoastrictsystemofapprovalundertheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(FD&CAct).Exceptinthecaseofcoal-tarhairdyes,allcoloradditivesusedincosmeticsmustbeapprovedbyFDA.ColoradditiveviolationsareacommonreasonfordetainingimportedcosmeticproductsofferedforentryintotheUnitedStates.AccordingtoFDAregulations,ifyourproduct(exceptcoal-tarhairdyes)containsacoloradditive,youmustadheretorequirementsfor:Approval.Allcoloradditivesusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)mustbeapprovedbyFDA.Theremustbearegulationspecificallyaddressingasubstance’suseasacoloradditive,itsspecifications,andrestrictions.Certification.Inadditiontoapproval,foranumberofcoloradditives,everybatchmademustbecertifiedbyFDAiftheyaretobeusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)marketedintheU.S.Identityandspecifications.AllcoloradditivesmustmeettherequirementsforidentityandspecificationsstatedintheCodeofFederalRegulations(CFR).02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT1[FullText全文阅读]Useandrestrictions.Coloradditivesmaybeusedonlyfortheintendedusesstatedintheregulationsthatpertaintothem.Theregulationsalsospecifyotherrestrictionsforcertaincolors,suchasthemaximumpermissibleconcentrationinthefinishedproduct.AccordingtoLindaKatz,M.D.,M.P.H.,DirectoroftheOfficeofCosmeticsandColorsinFDA'sCenterforFoodSafetyandAppliedNutrition,"Coloradditivesareverysafewhenusedproperly.”TheFDAconductsdetailedsafetyreviewsforcolorsusedincosmeticsandtheapprovalprocessmayinvolvenumerousstudiestoestablishsafety.FDAliststheapprovedcolorsintheCodeofFederalRegulations(Title21).Theseregulationsdescribetheidentityofthecolor,theallowedcomposition,theusesandrestrictionsandanyotherrequirementnecessarytoensuresafeuse.Colorsarealsoregulatedinothercountries.Forinstance,intheEuropeanUnion,colorsareidentifiedonalistofallowedingredientsforcoloringpurposes.ThecolorsareidentifiedbyaColourIndexnumberratherthanadescriptivenamesuchasYellow5orRed7.ManyothercountriesfollowtheEuropeanUnionmodelforcolorregulation.02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]Approval/əˈpruːvl/n.批准Approve

v.批准CertificationIdentity/ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n.认证Certify v.核证/ˈweɪvleŋθ/n.标识Identify v.确定Restrictionn.限制Restrict v.限制Requirementn.要求Requirev.要求AddressStatement/ˈædres/v.提出

n.规定，声明Statev.规定，声明Regulationn.条例

Regulate v.规定02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]Violation/ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn/n.违反Adhere/ədˈhɪr/v.遵守Coal-tar/ˈkoʊltɑːr/n.煤焦油02PART2[Safety安全性]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]Specification/ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n.规格，说明书BatchMaximumPermissibleConcentration/bætʃ/n.批n.最大允许浓度FinishedProductn.成品01PART1[Overview概述]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重点单词和短语]ColourIndex/Colorants(bothdyesandpigments)arelistedaccordingtoColourIndexGenericNamesandColourIndexConstitutionNumbers.ThesenumbersareprefixedwithC.I.orCI,forexample,CI15510.着色剂(包括染料和颜料)根据颜色索引通用名称和颜色索引组成编号列出。这些数字的前缀是C.I.或CI，例如，CI15510。02CONTENT3[SentenceParsing句子解析]PART2[Safety安全性]Coloradditives

aresubjecttoastrictsystemofapprovalundertheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct(FD&CAct).根据美国联邦食品药品和化妆品法(FD&C法)，颜色添加剂必须经过严格的批准。Exceptinthecaseofcoal-tarhairdyes,allcoloradditivesusedincosmeticsmustbeapprovedbyFDA.除了煤焦油染发剂，化妆品中使用的所有颜色添加剂都必须得到FDA的批准。Coloradditiveviolations

areacommonreasonfordetainingimportedcosmeticproductsofferedforentryintotheUnitedStates.

违反颜色添加剂规定是美国扣留进口化妆品的常见原因。AccordingtoFDAregulations,ifyourproduct(exceptcoal-tarhairdyes)containsacoloradditive,you

mustadheretorequirementsfor:根据FDA规定，如果你的产品(煤焦油染发剂除外)含有颜色添加剂，你必须遵守以下要求:subjectto遭受；strict严格的；Act法案；common通常的；detain扣留02CONTENT3[SentenceParsing句子解析]PART2[Safety安全性]Approval.Allcoloradditivesusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)mustbeapprovedbyFDA.Theremustbearegulationspecificallyaddressingasubstance’suseasacoloradditive,itsspecifications,andrestrictions.批准。所有用于化妆品(或任何其他FDA监管的产品)的颜色添加剂都必须得到FDA的批准。必须有专门的规定说明一种物质作为颜色添加剂的用途，其规格和限制。Certification.Inadditiontoapproval,foranumberofcoloradditives,everybatchmademustbecertifiedbyFDAiftheyaretobeusedincosmetics(oranyotherFDA-regulatedproduct)marketedintheU.S.认证。除了批准之外，对于一些颜色添加剂，如果要用于在美国销售的化妆品(或任何其他FDA监管的产品)，每一批次生产的颜色添加剂都必须得到FDA的认证。Identityandspecifications.AllcoloradditivesmustmeettherequirementsforidentityandspecificationsstatedintheCodeofFederalRegulations(CFR).标识和规格。所有的颜色添加剂必须符合联邦法规(CFR)中规定的标识和规格的要求。specifically明确的；Code法典；state声明02CONTENT3[SentenceParsing句子解析]PART2[Safety安全性]Useandrestrictions.Coloradditives

maybeusedonlyfortheintendedusesstate