非谓语动词讲解及练习

英语非谓语动词讲解概念：非谓语动词是指现在分词,过去分词、不定式三种形式，即：V-ing,V-ed,todo。当然它们有各自不同的改变形式非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的改变，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具出名词的特征；不定式具出名词、形容词和副词的特征。用法：非谓语动词主语宾语表语后置定语宾语补足语状语V-ing√√√√√√V-ed√√√todo√√√√√√动词不定式(todo)变形：todotobedoingtobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonea.明天要来的那个人是我的老师。Theperson(whois)tocometomorrowismyteacher.b.下个月要建的那座桥是由Mary设计的。Thebridge(whichis)tobebuiltisdesignedbyMary.c.妈妈进来的时候他假装睡着了。Hepretendedtohavealreadysleptwhenhismothercamein.Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.d.房间好像已经被打扫干净了。Theroomseemedtohavebeencleaned.e.我给她打电话的时候，她正好在逛街。ShehappenedtobeshoppingwhenIcalledher.否定nottodo先看几个例句，推断不定式在句中的成分。1．Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.2．Hiswishistobeadriver.3．Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.4．Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.5．Ihavenothingtosay.6．Theywenttoseetheiraunt.7．It’seasytoseetheiraunt.8．Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Iheardthemmakeanoise.1.动词不定式作主语。a.表示一种目的，将要，要去做什么Eg.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.Torealizeyourdreamisnoteasyifyoudon’tworkhard.b.it做形式主语，todo不定式作真正的主语itis\was+adj.(forsb.\ofsb.)todosth动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.及of连用的形容词有：good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible不定式作表语Mydreamistobecomeasinger.Thepurposeoftheprojectistoknowwhyhuman动词不定式作宾语后接不定式作宾语的动词有：remain,want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.须要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式干脆做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。sb+think\make\find\feel+it+adj.\n.+todosth.(easy\difficult\hard\necessary\right\wrong\possible\impossible\ashame\apity)Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.4.不定式作定语，应留意两种关系：1）动宾关系：Hehasalotofmeetingstoattend.Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.HeislookingforaroomtoliveHeislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).2）主谓关系：Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow.(逻辑主语不是I)a.明天要来的那个人是我的老师。Theperson(whois)tocometomorrowismyteacher.b.下个月要建的那座桥是由Mary设计的。Thebridge(whichis)tobebuiltisdesignedbyMary.5.不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：1）缘由Heisluckytogethereontime.Iamgladtohelpyou.这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.3)结果Ihurriedtogetthere,onlytofindhimout.Therainlastedaweek,causingseverefloodinalotofplaces.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.不定式作补足语ask\tell\allow\permit\command\request\wishsb.todosthEg.Mymotherallowedmetobuyamobilephonefinally.Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.能跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有：see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,noticeIsawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.注:当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to,如：Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.7.“to”是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to都是介词。agreetosth,objectto,becloseto,cometo(whenitcomestosth\doingsth),leadto,referto,beequalto,befamiliarto,pointto,thankto,bedevotedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,nextto,belongto,beusedtodoing,lookforwardto9．带to还是不带toIhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.（但是：Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.）二．V-ing及V-ed形式1.变形：doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneV-ed2.否定notdoingnotdoneLearningEnglishisverydifficult.学英语特别困难。Hisjobisdrivingabus.他的工作是开车。Ienjoydancing.我喜爱跳舞。Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.我已经习惯了住农村。Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。1.做主语1)Seeingisbelieving.Beingabletousecomputersishelpfultoyourfindingajob.2)Itis/wasnouse/nogood\nofun\awasteoftime+doingsth.Eg.Itisnousecryingafteraterribleresult.在坏的结果前哭是没有用的。2.做宾语只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：appreciate,admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,can’thelp,can’tstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,★下列动词后跟不定式及跟动名词作宾语意义有区分，forgettodo…遗忘要做某事forgetdoing…遗忘做了某事remembertodo…记住要做某事rememberdoing…记着做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味着做了某事regrettodo…对要做的事表示懊悔regretdoing…对做过去的事懊悔can’thelptodo…不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing…不由自主做某事trytodo…尽力去做某事trydoing试着做某事learntodo…学着去做某事learndoing…学会做某事stoptodo…停下来去做（另一件事）stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接着做（另外一件事）goondoing…接着做某事usedtodo…过去做某事beusedtodoing…习惯做某事3.做表语Myjobisteaching.Thestoryisinteresting.区分Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.这个故事有爱好，我对这个故事感爱好。V-ingVSV-edV-ing修饰物，令人……V-ed修饰人或者人的表情encouraging\encouragedsurprising\surprisedexciting\excitedpuzzling\puzzledfrightening\frightenedboring\boredanexcitingvoice令人兴奋的声音

anexcitedvoice兴奋的声音apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情

apuzzledlook困惑的表情4.作定语1)drinkingwater,walkingstickrunningwater,sleepingboy,fallingleaves,boilingwaterfallenleaves,boiledwater2)修饰的n及从句动作之间是主动或者正在进行的关系；被动或完成的关系。Thegirl(whois)talkingwiththeteacherisanewcomer.Theproblembeingdiscussedisquitepuzzling.Theroomcleanedyesterdayisdirtynow.★不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区分：Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.(将来)ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.（正在进行）Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.（过去）5.做状语V-ing,V-ed★分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必需及句子的主语保持一样。分词作状语必需和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能运用分词作状语。选择哪个分词由逻辑主语及从句动作的关系来确定，主动V-ing，被动V-ed分词做状语表示时间、缘由、让步、条件、方式、伴随等Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.（时间）从句动作发生于主句动作之前，明显先后关系BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.（缘由）Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（条件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.（伴随）Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(让步)Iwon’tgotothepartyevenif(Iam)invited.练习：1.Mostofthepeople_____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting2.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.HavingbeingtoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold3.TheOlympicGames,_____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplaysuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mr.Greenwenttothemarket,________somebananasandvisitedhercousin.

A.bought

B.buying

C.tobuy

D.buy6.独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Generallyspeaking…一般说来

Franklyspeaking…坦白地说Judgingfrom…依据……来推断

Considering…考虑到……Totellyouthetruth…说实话7.做宾语补足语1）感官动词see\hear\watch\find\noticesb.+do\doing\V-ed2)make+宾语+宾语补足语makesbdosthmakesbdonemakeyourselfunderstood\heard\known3)leave\keep\havesbdoingsth.让某人保持……状态4）留意的四种结构：havesomethingtodo有某事要做havesomethingdone使某事被做havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事havesomethingdoing让某事始终做着1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoice,buthestillcouldn’tmakehimself________.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Theboywasseen__________ontheriverbankthistimeyesterday.A.toplayB.playedC.playingD.play3.Iwillgototheshoptohavemycomputer______________.A.repairB.repairedC.repairingD.torepair8.须要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat,prepare,hide,dress如：Iseatedmyselfonthechair.Iwasseatedonthechair.9.动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的全部格形式。动名词的逻辑宾语为代词或名词宾格形式例如：His\Tom’scomingmadeusveryhappy.Theteacherwasangryforhis\himnotcomingtoschooltoday.1._______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.

A.youtocall

B.youcall

C.yourcalling

D.you'recalling10.动名词主动形式表被动的状况：need\want\requiredoing\tobedone例如：Thisroomneedspainting\tobepainted.这个房间须要粉刷11．There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下单词替换:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime1、 Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketball,______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.AthinkingBthinkCtothinkDthought2、 Therehavebeenseveralnewevents______totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.AaddBtoaddCaddingDadded3、 Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.Aworking;stoppingBtowork;stoppingCworking;tostopDtowork;tostop4、 Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft______.AunsatisfiedBunsatisfyingCtobesatisfyingDbeingsatisfied5、 Nomatterhowfrequently______,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.AperformedBperformingCtobeperformedDbeingperformed6、 ______thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.AHavingmadeBMakeCTomakeDMaking7、 Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways______herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.AgetsBgotCtogetDgetting8、 Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waiting______AtouseBtobeusedCtohaveusedDtobeusing9、 Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness______.AtomakeBtobemadeCmakingDbeingmade10、 TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2008.AholdBholdingCheldDtobeheld11、 ______withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.AFacedBFaceCFacingDToface12、 AIDSissaid______thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.AthatitisBtobeCthatithasbeenDtohavebeen13、 Don’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.AdoBtodoCdoingDanddoing14、 Facedwithabillfor$10,000,______.AJohnhastakenanextrajobBthebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobCanextrajobhasbeentakenDanextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn15、 Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold16、 Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle______toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.AbeinggivenBisgivenCgivenDwasgiven17、 Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto______sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.AhavebeenmissingBhavegotlostCbemissingDgetlost18、 Thebirdflu______throughAsiahasjumpedfrombirdstohumansatleast20timessofar,______16.Asweeps;killedBswept;killingCsweeping;tokillDsweeping;killing19、 Theman______ofshooting6schoolchildrenwascaughtbyBeijingpolice,theXinhuaNewsAg