高二英语第五单元语法：名词性从句知识精讲人教版

word高二英语第五单元语法：名词性从句知识精讲人教版一.本周教学内容：第五单元语法：名词性从句1.名词性从句2.同位语从句3.同位语从句与定语从句的辨析4.what;whatever;whoever;where引导的名词性从句5.it作为形式主语的句型二.知识总结与归纳：〔一〕名词性从句的结构：名词性从句起名词作用在句中做主语，表语，宾语和同位语构成：主语从句；表语从句；宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有三类：that；whether;wh-疑问词。例句：1.TheresultofthisFrenchinfluencewasthattheEnglishlanguageendedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable,animalandage.2.Theyrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration.3.Iwanttotellthereaderthatthesehillsandfieldsaremostbeautiful,withmanysmallandclearrivers,andrichfieldsbearingfruitandgrain.4.SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland.5.Whatinterestedhimwasthatthewholeworldhadbeenmapped70yearsbeforeColumbus.6.WhatiscertainthatthebookhasmademanypeoplethinkabouttheachievementsofZhengHeandotherChinesecaptainsandtheirroleindiscoveringtheworld.7.ThatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.8.ThisgavehimtheideathattheChineseperhapsfirstdiscoveredAmerica.〔二〕同位语从句在名词idea;fact;news;thought;suggestion/advice;problem;proof等词后面带上that+陈述句这局部从句解释了前面的那些名词所指的内容，与那些名词起着同等作用的句子成分，叫同位语从句。1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.2.TheideathatEnglandstandsforFish&Chips,Speakers’Corner,BigBenandtheTowerofLondonispast.3.TheresultthatOxfordbeatCambridgebyafootin2003surprisedmany.4.Thenewsthathediedwasagreatshocktohismother.5.Ifthere’spossibilitythatyou’llgo,I’dliketogowithyou.6.Iaskedmyselfaquestionwhethertheresearchisworththetrouble.7.Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.〔三〕同位语从句与定语从句的辨析：that引导的同位语从句解释前面名词的内容，that是连词没有任何意义，在从句中不做任何成分。而定语从句修饰前面的先行词，从句有关系词that;which;who;when;where;why1/7word引导，先行词在从句中充当主语，宾语，状语。1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeveryonehappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.〔四〕what;whatever;whoever;where引导的名词性从句：what+陈述句：……的话/事/的样子；whatever+陈述句：……的任何东西；whoever+陈述句：做…事的任何人；〔以上名词性从句做主语，表语或宾语〕；where+陈述句：……的所在，做表语。1.Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.2.Theschoolsofthefuturewillprobablybequitedifferentfromwhattheyaretoday.3.Ifwelearntoacceptchangeandappreciatewhatisnewanddifferent,wewillbewell-preparedforwhateverthefuturemayhaveinstore.4.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.5.Thatisjustwheretheyaremistaken.〔五〕与“命令，建议，要求,有必要/重要〞有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构：1〕主shoulddo;2〕被动结构：shouldbedone;〔should可以1.Isuggestthatheshouldcomeanotherday.动结构：省略〕2.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.3.IthoughitnecessarythatIshouldstayintheroomtillhecameback.〔六〕it作为形式主语的句型：Itis+形容词/名词/名词短语+that从句。Itissaid/reported/predictedthat从句。Itissuggested/believed/thought/hoped/found/that从句。1.It’sapitythatyouareleaving.2.It’sdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.3.ItwasoncepredictedthatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecomeseparatelanguagesfinally.【典型例题】1.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat答案：A分析：hewoulddieofthedisease作fear的同位语。2.Theidea___weshouldhavemoreindustryinthisareaisagoodone.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how答案：A分析：该题考查的是idea后面的同位语从句的引导词的选择。3.Thesuggestion____wehaveagroupoftheserecordsprintedassoonaspossiblewasacceptedbythecommittee.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.whether答案：C分析：该题考查的是suggestion的同位语从句的引导词的选择。4.Hetoldmethenews____theQueenwouldvisitChinathenextmonth.2/7wordA.thatB.whichC.itD.whether答案：A分析：theQueenwouldvisitChinathenextmonth是一个完整的句子，是thenews的解释，故用that引导同位语从句。5.Thefacttroublesmemuch___Ihavebeenunabletopassthedrivingtestuptonow.A.whichB.becauseC.whyD.that答案：D分析：that引导同位语从句，解释thefact。6.Themotherdidn’tknowtoblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.〔NMF,T2002〕A.whoB.whenC.howD.what答案：A分析：know后为宾语从句的省略形式，由题意可知，指人。7.—Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonderwecandoaboutit.〔NMET2002〕A.ifB.howC.whatD.that答案：C分析：wecando后无宾语，故用what引导宾语从句。8.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlyhewants.〔某某2002春〕A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that答案：A分析：give后接双宾语；what引导宾语从句且作wants的宾语。9.JacksaidtomeettheAmericanfriends.A.heispleasedB.whathewaspleasedC.thathewaspleasedD.whichhepleased答案：C分析：宾语从句中应用过去时，同said时态保持一致。Hewaspleased意义和结构完整。10.shecouldn’tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that答案：A分析：主语从句中缺少宾语，用what；表语从句的句意问原因，用why。【模拟试题】〔答题时间：60分钟〕一.单项选择1.Heoftenwritestousexpressinghisthought_____onedayhe’llcometojoinus.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Hemadeasuggestion____theEnglishtestbeputoffuntilnextWednesday.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether3.Thenews_____thefootballteamwonthegamemadeushappy.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.what4.Themerefact____mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadnessdoesnotmeanthatit3/7wordwillnotoccur.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.why5.—Doyoureallybelievethereishumanraceinouterspace?Sofarthereisnoproof____peoplefromotherplanetsdoexist.A.whichB.howC.whatD.that6.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthatyouhasafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where7.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.WhoeverD.Where8.causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.How二.完型填空：AsChristmasiscoming,therearepresentstobebought,cardstobesent,androomstobecleaned.Parentsare__1__withdifficultjobsofhidingpresentsfromcuriousyoungchildren.Ifthegiftsarelarge,thisissometimesareal__2__.OnChristmasEve,youngchildrenfindtheexcitementalmostunbearable.TheyaretornbetweenthewishtogotobedearlysothatFatherChristmaswillbringtheirpresentsquicklyandthewish__3__uplatesothattheywillnot__4__thefun.Thewishforthegiftsusuallyprovesstronger.Butthoughchildrengotobedearly,theyoftenlie__5__foralongtime,hopingtogetashort__6__atFatherChristmas.LastChristmas,mywifeandI__7__hidafewlargepresentsinthestoreroom.I__8__themomentwhenmyson,Jimmy,would__9__mewherethatnewbikehadcomefrom,but__10__hedidnotseeit.OnChristmasEve,__11__tookthechildrenhourstogotosleep.Itmusthavebeennearly__12__whenmywifeandIwentquietlyintotheirroomandbegan__13__stockings.ThenIpushedinthe__14__IboughtforJimmyandleftitbesidetheChristmastree.Weknewwewouldnotgetmuchsleepthatnight,forthechildrenwere__15__togetupearly.Ataboutfiveo’clockthenextmorning,wewere__16__byloudsoundscomingfromthechildren’sroom—theywereshoutingexcitedly!__17__Ihadtimetogooutofbed,youngJimmycameridingintheroomonhisnewbike,andhissister,Mary,followedclosebehindpushinghernewbaby-carriage.__18__thebabyarrived.Hemoved__19__thehandsandkneesintotheroomdraggingalargeballoonbehindhim.Suddenlyitburst.Thatwokeusup__20__.Thedayhadreallybegunwithabang!1.A.faced2.A.question3.A.getB.metC.filledC.problemC.standC.missD.pleasedD.businessD.wakeB.matterB.stay4.A.loseB.breakB.wakeB.stareD.leave5.A.awake6.A.lookC.asleepC.glareC.gladlyC.surprisedC.askD.sleepD.watch7.A.hopefully8.A.liked9.A.answer10.A.sadly11.A.itB.busilyB.fearedB.tellD.successfullyD.hatedD.searchD.fortunatelyD.weB.unluckilyB.theyC.possiblyC.I4/7word12.A.morning13.A.filling14.A.present15.A.going16.A.troubled17.A.Before18.A.Even19.A.withB.midnightB.sewingB.stockingB.sureC.eveningD.daybreakD.preparingD.treeC.mendingC.bikeC.gladD.excitedD.shockedD.SinceB.frightenedB.AfterC.wokenC.UntilC.SoonC.overB.AndD.ThenB.onD.by20.A.allB.nearlyC.happilyD.completely三.阅读理解Coketownwasatownofredbrick,orofbrickthatwouldhavebeenredifthesmokeandasheshadallowedit;butinfactitwasatownofunnaturalredandblacklikethepaintedfaceofsavage〔野人〕.Itwasatownofmachineryandtallchimney,outofwhichsmoketrailedthemselvesforeverandever.Ithadablackcanalinit,andariverthatranpurplewithillsmellingcolor,andlargepilesofbuildingfullofwindowswheretherewasarattlingandatremblingalldaylong,andwherethesteam-engineworkedupanddownliketheheadofanelephantinastateofmadness.Thetowncontainedseverallargestreetsallverylikeoneanother,andmanysmallstreetsstillmorelikeoneanother,inhabited〔居住〕bypeopleequallylikeoneanother.Asunnymidsummerday.TherewassuchathingsometimeseveninCoketown.Seenfromadistanceinsuchaweather,Coketownlaycoveredinasmokeofitsown.Youonlyknewthetownwasthere,becauseyouknewtherecouldhavebeennosuchaplaceupontheviewwithoutatown.Thestreetswerehotanddustyonthesummerday,andthesunwassobrightthatitevenshonethroughthesmokeoverCoketown,andcouldnotbelookedatsteadily.Workersappearedfromlowundergrounddoorwaysintofactoryyards,andsatonsteps,wipingtheirfacesandlookingatcoals.Thewholetownseemedtobefryinginoil.Therewasasmellofhotoileverywhere.Theatmosphereofthoseplaceswaslikethebreathofhell〔地狱〕,andtheirinhabitantswastingwithheat,walkedlazilyinthedesert.Butnotemperaturemadethemadelephantsmoremadormoresane〔理智的〕.Theirtiresomeheadswentupanddownatthesanerate,inhotweatherandincold,wetweatheranddry.Themeasuredmovementoftheirshadowsofwood;whileforthesummernoiseofinsects,itcouldofferalltheyearround,fromthedawnofMondaytothenightofSaturday.1.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTproperlyusedtodescribeCoketown?A.unpleasantB.dirtyC.noisyD.deserted2.FromthepassageweknowthatCoketownwasmainlya〔n〕_____town.A.industrialB.agriculturalC.historicalD.cultural3.Only_____werenotaffectedbyweather.A.theworkmenB.thehabitantsC.thesteam-engineD.thewoods4.Whichistheauthor’sopinionofCoketown?A.CoketownshouldbereplacedbywoodsB.ThetownhadtoomuchoilinitC.ThetownwasseriouslypollutedD.Thetown’satmospherewasunchanged5/7word[参考答案]一.单项选择1.Bthat引导同位语从句作thought的同位语。2.Cthat引导同位语从句作suggestion的同位语。3.Athat引导同位语从句作news的同位语。4.Cthat引导同位语从句，解释thefact。5.Dthat引导同位语从句，解释noproof。6.Awhy引导的表语从句，表原因。7.Dwhoever引导主语从句，意为“无论谁〞表示强调某人；who引导主语从句，意为“谁〞不强调人。Theone和Anyone不能引导主语从句。8.A主语从句用what。中缺少主语，二.完型填空：1.A，befacedwith:面临藏礼物的2.C，problem:指难以处理的3.B，4.C，根据句思：他们面临着二难选择：要么早睡以尽快得到圣诞老人的礼物，要么难题。事。子意熬夜以致于不错过有趣的事。5.A，由于愿望强烈而睡不着。awake醒着，6.A，希望看一getashortlookat:看一7.D，从睡不着。眼圣诞老人。眼。下一句可以看出“去年圣诞节礼物藏得很成功。〞8.B，9.C，10.D，我担心儿子会问自行车从11.A，除夕之夜，要般花几个小时才能睡着。Ittook…..表示“花费〞的句12.B，13.A，将近半夜，我们俩悄悄走