2022年山东省潍坊市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022年山东省潍坊市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Immigrationnowaccountsforabout______oftheannualU.S.increaseinpopulation.

2.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVRN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

UnityandDiversity

Manyphysicistsareengagedinthesearchfora"theoryofeverything".Biologists,smugly,thinktheyhavefoundonealready.Organismsthatsurvivelongenoughtoreproduceandareattractiveenoughtofindamatepasstheirgenesontothenextgeneration.Thosethatdonotareevolutionarycul-de-sacs.Butthedetails—howyougoonfromthebasicprinciplesofevolutiontoexplainlarge-scalepatternsinbiology—aremoredivisive.Scientificcampsform.Theirleadersstepontosoapboxes.Andonlyrarelydopeopleconcedethattheirowntheoriesandthoseoftheiropponentsarenotalwaysmutuallyexclusive.

Sincetheearly1970s,thetwograndestpatternsoflife—howspeciesarearrangedinspaceandhowtheyarearrangedintime—havedividedtheiropposingcampsquiteneatly.Thosewhosquabbleoverspacedisagreeaboutwhytherearemorespeciesinthetropicsthananywhereelse.Tothem,thetropicsareeitherwherespeciesaremoreoftenborn(cradlesofdiversity)orwheretheytendnottodie(museumsofdiversity).Bycontrast,biologistsconcernedwithpatternsintimetenaciouslydebatewhethernewspeciescomeintobeinginasmoothandgradualmanner,orwhetherthehistoryoflifeisactuallyaseriesofburstsofchangethatareinterspersedwithperiodswhennothingmuchhappens.

TwopapersjustpublishedinSciencehavecastlightonthesequestions,andtheirfindings,ifnotnecessarilyresultingincompromise,doshowthevalueoftakingleavesoutofotherpeople'sbooks.The"spacebiologists"havelookedintotime,namelythefossilrecordoverthepast11myears.Meanwhilethe"timebiologists"havelookedatthehereandnowandfoundevidenceinlivingspeciesforperiodsofrapidevolutionintheirgenes.

BiologicalSpacetime

Thespacebiologistshavetheadvantagethattheyagreeaboutthepatterntheyaretryingtoexplain.Almostallgroupsoflifethathavebeenstudied—betheyfungi,plants,vertebratesorinvertebrates,andnomatterwhethertheyoccurinforests,streamsorseas—seemtohavemorespeciestheclosertheyaretotheequator.

Todecidewhetherthetropicsareacradleoramuseum,though,involvespickingthispatternapartwithstatistics.Andstatisticsworkbestwhenyouhavemorethanonesample.Thatisthereasonforreachingintothepast.

DavidJablonski,oftheUniversityofChicago,andhiscolleaguescreatedtheirsamplesbydividingthepast11myearsintothreeperiods.Forsimplicity'ssake,theyalsochoppedtheEarth'ssurfaceintotwo:tropicalregionsandeverywhereelse,whichtheycalledthe"extratropics".

Toavoidsamplingbias,theyrestrictedtheiranalysistoonegroupofanimals—thebivalvemolluscs—thatfossilisewell.Thisallowedthemtofollow431"lineages"ofmarinebivalvethroughthecourseofgeologicaltime.Thevastmajorityoftheselineagesappearinthetropicsandthenspreadintotheextratropics,inotherwords,thetropicsdo,indeed,actascradlesofbiodiversity.

Infact,thepatternDrJablonskireportsisprobablymoremarkedthan

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Howtoavoide-thrombosisaccordingtothepassage?

A.Bycrossingyourlegswhilesitting.

B.Bykeepingacomfortableposture.

C.Bykeepingsuppliesconvenientforgetting.

D.Bymovingaroundeveryhour.

4.AccordingtoSunilBhartiMittal,whatwillrevolutionizethetraditionalmoney-transferbusiness?

A.AllianceoftelephoneoperatorsandMasterCard.

B.Thelargedemandofimmigrantsandmigrantworkers.

C.Sendingmoneybytextmessages.

D.Internationaltelephonenetworks.

5.

Aninternationalorganizationshouldbelegallybuilttopreventcountriesfromemittinggreenhousegases.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Withtimegoingon,thewarmthbetweensibskeepsincreasingandthefrictions______.

7.

ItisamazingthatdespitehisoldageMr.Tata,facingavarietyofTatacompanies,isfamiliarwiththeir______.

8.

Infact,theprocessofgivingupdrugaddictionforadeterminedpersoniseasierthanwhathethought.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Theword"hammock"inthispassagemeansasuspensioncagewhichcanbeswungtoandfrointheair.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

TheTaxActof1862gavetheofficeofCIRauthoritytocollecttaxesandseizepropertyandincome.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Theteachingofwritinghasgottenmixedtogetherwiththestudyofliteraturebecauseof______.

12.

Afteryoukeyinthemaximumamountforanitem,eBaybidsforyouuntilthebiddingreachesthe_______________.

13.

OnAugust3Vegaheldherfirstonlineconcertatwhichsheinteractedwithherfansinacompletelycomputer-fabricatedworld.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Theauthorsteppedoutoftheliftat______.

15.

CollegeeducationistoblameforthefailureofAmerica'smathandscienceeducation.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.AccordingtotheUSDA,______tendtobereducedinorganicfoodproduction.

17.

Whydidpeoplereconsidertomakenaturalgasasafuelsourceinthelate1960sandearly1970s?

A.Becausethepriceofgasolinewashigh.

B.Becausenatural-gasvehiclesaremuchfasterthanothervehicles.

C.Becausepeoplemademuchaccountofenvironmentalprotection.

D.Becauseitwasshortofoil.

18.

Bytheendofthe19thcenturypeoplehadshownenormousenthusiasmfor______.

19.Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasresultedinvariousproblemsexcept______.

A.decreaseofthedepthofthechannels

B.fallofthewatertableofthesurroundingarea

C.destructionoftheriversinecosystems

D.waterpollution

20.

Sinceinreality,mostofusprobablyareonlyinvolvedinthreephase-setofdirections,itismeaninglessforthestudentstonegotiateexhaustivedirections.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:Youknow,I'mjustnottoosureifthenewsalarywillbehighenoughoreventhenewpositionisreallywhatIwant.Besides,IliketheworkthatIamdoingnow.

W:Itsoundsasthoughyou'vealreadymadeupyourmindaboutwhatyouaregoingtodo.

Q:Whatisthemanthinkingabout?

(13)

A.Whethertoemploythewoman.

B.Whethertotakeupthenewjob.

C.Whethertoaskforaraise.

D.Whethertoaskformoresalary.

22.听力原文：Goodmorningeveryone.MynameisCraigStone,andI'llbeyourguidefortoday'stourofKyoto.First,Iwanttogoovertheitineraryofthetour,soeveryonecanenjoythetripwithoutbeingworriedaboutbeingleftbehindalongtheway.Ofcourse,noonehasgottenlostsofar.

Firstofall,we'llbeleavingat9:i5outsidethemaintrainstationexit.Besuretoboardthebusby9:00sharp.

We'llbevisitingsomeofthemostfamoushistoricalspotsinKyoto.OurfirststopwillbeattheGoldenPavilion,atempleconstructedin1397.We'llbeleavingthereat10:30.You'llhaveaboutforty-fiveminutestostrollaroundthetempleanditsgardens.

OurnextdestinationwillbeRyoanjiTemple.That'salwaysadifficultonetopronounce.Thistempleisfamousforitsbeautifulrockgarden.We'lldepartfromthetempleat11:45.

Next,we'llhavelunchfrom12:00to12:45.

Intheafternoon,we'llbemakingabriefstopatHeianJinguShrine,whichwasconstructedin1895tocommemoratethe1,100thanniversaryofthefoundingofthecityofKyoto.

Afterthat,we'llheaddowntownandstopinGion.Manypeopleaskedmeaboutdifferenttraditionalshoppingareas,andthisisaplacewedon'twanttomiss.You'llhaveaboutanhourtolookaround,andI'msureyou'llenjoytheatmosphereoftheentirearea—theshops,thehomes,andtherestaurants.We'llbeleavingGionat2:30.

Finally,we'llvisitNijojoCastle,whichwastheresidenceofthefirstTokugawaShogun.You'llhaveaboutanhourtotourthe.castle.andwe'llmeetatthebusat4:00.

(33)

A.At9:00.B.At9:15.C.At9:50.D.At9:30.

23.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：FromCaliforniatoConnecticut,babiessitonthelapsoftheirparentsorcaretakersandarespokentoinItalian,French,Spanishand,increasingly,Chinese.Theysitincircles,distractedbycuddlytoys;atschoolssuchastheLanguageWorkshopinNewYorkorinformalgroupsorganizedbyparents.

Therehavebeenseveralstudiesthathavefoundadvantagesinstartingchildrenoffinanewlanguageatayoungage.Researchersdon'tknowwhetheritisbiologicalorsocial,butmostchildrenwholearnalanguagebeforepubertyseemtodeveloptheabilitytospeakitasanativewould.

FrancoiswhorunstheLanguageWorkshop,hascreatedalineoflinguisticsoftwareforyoungchildren."Understandingcomeslongbeforespeaking,andspeakingbeforereadingandwriting.That'sthewayweteachthelanguages,"asFrancoissays."Andwhenwetranslateforchildrenweactuallyaddconfusion;itisnotnecessaryinourclass.Forclaritywehavetorepeattheworduntiltheideasinksin."

Someparentsfearthatwithallthesedifferentwordsandlanguages,theirchildrenwillhaveahardertimepickingupEnglishorwillgetconfused,butscientistshavefoundnosuchdisadvantagetobeingmultilingual.Thereareemergingtheoriesthatthebrainisdesignedtopickupmultiplelanguagesearlyinlife,andthatourcurrentmonolingualfocusisactuallyasetbackoftheevolution.Someresearchshows,whenpeopledevelopawindowinwhichchildrencanmostreadilyabsorbnewlanguages,forthefirst6monthsoflife,forexample,babiescanheareverysoundfromeverylanguageintheworld.

(27)

A.ItteachestheforeignchildrenEnglish.

B.Itteachesthechildrenforeignlanguages.

C.Ittrainstheteachersforforeignlanguageteaching.

D.Ittrainstheparentstoteachtheirchildrenlanguages.

24.听力原文：M:Finally,theweekendishere.Iwillgoforapicnic,sodoyouknowtomorrow'sweather?

W:Nowitis7:32andhereistheweatherforecast.Strongwindblewtoday.Andtomorrowitwillbecolder.Ifitgetscoldenough,therecouldbeheavysnownextweek.

Q:Whatistheweatherforecastfortomorrow?

(18)

A.Itwillbesunny.

B.Itwillbeverycold.

C.Itwillbewindy.

D.Itwillberainy.

25.(17)

A.Thebackofthedrawerhasfallenoff.

B.Themandoesn'thaveanysoap.

C.Thecabinetistooheavytomove.

D.Somethingisblockingthebackofthedrawer.

26.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：WhoisthemostimportantpersonintheUnitedStates?SomeonewillsayThomasJefferson,somewillsayWashingtonandIbelievemostpeoplewillsayit'sBenjaminFranklin.

Oftencalled"thefirstAmerican"and"thelastuniversalman",BenjaminFranklin'slifecoveredmostoftheeighteenthcentury--(26)from1706to1790.HewasAmerica'sfirstgreatscientistandengineerandanauthorandphilosopherofrarewit.Hewasoneofthefirstsupportersofthefederalsystemofgovernmentandoneofthegreateducationalpioneersofhisday.Hewasasuccessfulbusinessman,abelieverinfreeenterprise,andastatesmananddiplomat.Hetrulyseemedabletodoalmosteverything.

Alwayscurious,Franklinlookedforeasierandbetterwaystodothings.Heinventedanopenstovewhichgavemoreheatandwastedlessfuelthanafireplace.Itisstillusedinmanyplacestoday.(27)Healsomadethefirstpairofbifocalglassesandinventedamusicalinstrumentcalledtheharmonicaandthestepladderchair.

(28)Franklinwasespeciallyfamousasanearlyexperimenterinelectricity.OnaJunedayin1752,duringathunderstorm,heflewasilkenkiteupintothestormysky.Asablackcloudsweptacrossthekite,akeyattachedtothekitestringbecamechargedwithelectricity.Thus,heprovedthatlightningandelectricityarethesame.Usingthisknowledge,heinventedthelightningrodwhichtodayprotectsmillionsofbuildingsfromlightning.

(27)

A.TheWorldWarII.

B.TheWorldWarI.

C.TheAmericanRevolution.

D.TheIndustrialRevolutionofBritain.

27.(34)

A.Hespentallthetimeworkingonit.

B.Heworkedonitatnightandsleptduringtheday.

C.Heputtheobjectsinsidetheboxes.

D.Hecollectedandrearrangedpictures.

28.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Hello．Mary．ThisisPeteratthehospital．IsMichaelhome?

W:No，heisnot．Itriedtoreachhimattheofficeafewminutesago，buthissecretarysaidhehadbeenoutforameetingwiththeclientfromAustralia．

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(12)

A.Michaelwasatthehospital.

B.MichaelmetwithPeter.

C.Michaelwasouttomeettheclient.

D.MichaelwenttoAustralia.

29.

【B4】

30.听力原文：TheAmericangovernment,aswellaseveryAmericanindividual,istouchedbyandconcernedwithinflation,andPresidentCarterhascalleditourNo.iproblem.Indeed,inflationdeservesthistitle.

(29)Thegreatjumpininflationhasbeenduringthepast10years.Lookingattherawfigures,peoplemightconsiderthisatimeofprosperity.Thewageoftheaverageworkerwas$114aweekin1969,andbySeptember,1978ithadreached$206.Thenumbergrewasmuchas$92.Onthesurfaceitmightseemthatpeoplearebetteroff,butitisnottrue.Takingintoconsiderationtheeffectsofinflation,thepictureisdifferent.Actually,inflationplaysanimportantrole.

(30)In1976theconsumerpriceindexstoodat100andithasnowtopped200.Allowingforthis,theaveragewageofworkerswas$104in1969and$105inApril1978.Sincethenwithmoreinflationanygaininpurchasingpowerhasbeenwipedoutandmoretakenaway.Infactduringtheyearof1978,thebuyingpoweroftheaveragepaycheckhadfallenby3.4percent.Inadditiontotheincometax,(31)thereareusuallystateandcountrytaxes,thesalestax,thatisaddedtothecostofanitemattheretaillevel.Thisisanothertaxthathasbeenincreasingwithinflation,anditaffectsallpurchasers,includingthepoorestcitizens.Thinktwicebeforeyousaythatinflationisnotabigdeal.

(30)

A.Itfirstbecomeseriousaboutfiveyearsago.

B.Ithasfinallybeenbroughtundercontrol.

C.Itmayleadtoprosperity.

D.Ithasbeenclimbing.

31.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,【B1】______havereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeen【B2】______byelectromagnetic(电磁的)interference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,but【B3】______,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronic【B4】______suchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersand【B5】______telephones.RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,has【B6】______thatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring"【B7】______"stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.【B8】______,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,【B9】______.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhicheffectsthosewavelengths(波长)whichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,because【B10】______.

Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerabletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.【B11】______.

【B1】

32.听力原文：W：Ihearthatyouworkpart—timeatasupermarket．Whatdoyoudothere?

M：Iworkintheproducesection．Ialsostockshelves．Sometimeswhenitreallygetsbusy，Ihelpatthecheckoutcounter．

Q：Whatdoesthemanoccasionallydoatthesupermarket?

(13)

A.Heworksatthemeatcounter.

B.Hedeliversgroceriestocustomers.

C.Heservesasacashier.

D.Hestocksshelves.

33.

【B10】

34.

【B7】

35.(31)

A.VisitingthecapitalofSaltLakeCity.

B.VisitingtheTempleSquare.

C.Hikingthroughnationalparks.

D.HikingremoteIndianreservations.

36.(28)

A.Shebecamethefirstfemalephysician.

B.Shewasthefirstwomansurgeon.

C.Sheandseveralotherwomenfoundedthefirsthospitalforwomenandchildren.

D.Sheestablishedthefirstmedicalschoolforwomen.

37.听力原文：W:Mr.Wang,itisreportedthatyouruniversityisthefirstonetorelaxtherolebanningstudentsfromgettingmarried.Doesitmeanthatstudentsinouruniversityareencouragedtogetmarried?

M:Iwouldn'tsaythat.Wedon'tmeantoencouragestudentstorushintomarriage.Whatwesayisthatifastudentisoflegalageformarriagethenwewilldealwiththematterinaccordancewithrelevantlawsandregulations.

W:Doyouthinktheliftingofthebanwillresultinarisingnumberofmarriagesamongcollegestudents?

M:No,Idon'tthinkm.Suchworriesareunnecessary.Sofarwehaven'treceivedanymarriageapplicationsfromstudents.

W:Whatisthestudents'responsetothisdecision'?Aretheycheeredbyit?

M:Oh,yeah.Mostofthemapplaudedthedecision.Butmeanwhile,theysaytheywouldn'tconsidermarriageuntilaftergraduation.Marriageistoobigadecision.1thinkthemajorityofstudentswouldn'triskitwithoutcarefulthought.Besides,theydonotwanttosacrificeagoldentimeforgainingknowledgetotheextrapressuresofformingafamily.

(20)

A.ThestudentsintheuniversitywhereMr.Wangstaysareencouragedtogetmarried.

B.ThestudentsintheuniversitywhereMr.Wangstaysarebannedtogetmarried.

C.ThestudentsintheuniversitywhereMr.Wangstaysareallowedtogetmarriediftheyarcoflegalageformarriage.

D.ThestudentsintheuniversitywhereMr.Wangslaysarereluctanttogetmarledeveniftheyareoflegalageformarriage.

38.听力原文：M:Goodmorning,madam.I'mfromBerkshireTelevision.Iwonderifyoucouldtelltheviewerswhyyouareheretoday?

W:Imostcertainlywill.Weareheretomakeapublicprotest.

Q:What'stheman'soccupation?

(18)

A.Anewsreporter.

B.Agovernmentofficer.

C.Atelevisioncrew.

D.Ashopassistant.

39.(24)

A.Stonejewelry,

B.Beautifulstone.

C.Artsandcrafts.

D.Amazingpaintings.

40.

【B3】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

WhichofthefollowingideasmightprobablybepreferredbyMalcolmMuggeridge?

A.Literaturewillbecomedominantinpresentingwarstories.

B.Peopleshouldhavetheirownideasofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.

C.TVimagesarepreoccupyingbecausetheyexpressreality.

D.TVprogramsoftenaimtoassaultthetraditionalstandardsandmoresofsociety.

42.

Accordingtotheauthor,cats______.

A.arenotdomesticanimalsatall

B.arefiercerthandogs

C.arebothmeekandindependent

D.cansometimesbeveryhostiletopeople

43.

Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Scientistsdiscoveredwhyanimalinfantscry.

B.Thedifferenceintheamountofchildren'scryissomewhatduetogenes.

C.Babieshaveaviolentreactiontothemother'signorance.

D.Chimpanzees'annoyancecanhardlybealleviated.

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

It'swellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofabusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorningtheboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.

Assumingthatyou'veallobtainedemploymentandarefairlystarted,myadvicetoyouis"aimhigh".Iwouldnotgiveafigfortheyoungmanwhodoesnotalreadyseehimselfthepartnerortheheadofanimportantfirm.Donotrestcontentforamomentinyourthoughtsasheadclerk,orforeman,orgeneralmanagerinanyconcern,nomatterhowextensive.Saytoyourself,"Myplaceisatthetop.'Bekinginyourdreams.

Andhereistheprimeconditionofsuccess,thegreatsecret:concentrateyourenergy,thought,andcapitalexclusivelyuponthebusinessinwhichyouareengaged.Havingbeguninoneline,resolvetofightitoutonthatline,toleadinit,adopteveryimprovement,havethebestmachinery,andknowthemostaboutit.Theconcernswhichfailarethosewhichhavescatteredtheircapital,whichmeansthattheyhavescatteredtheirbrainsalso.Itiseasytowatchandcarryonebasket.Itistryingtocarrytoomanybasketsthatbreakmosteggsinthiscountry.Hewhocarriesthreebasketsmustputoneonhishead,whichisapttotriphimup.OnefaultoftheAmericanbusinessmanislackofconcentration.

Aimforthehighest,neverenterabarroom;donottouchliquor,orifatallonlyatmeals;neverspeculate;neverindorsebeyondyoursurpluscashfund;makethefirm'sinterestyours;breakordersalwaystosaveowners;concentrate;putallyoureggsinjustonebasket,andwatchthatbasket;expenditurealwayswithinrevenuerlastlybenotimpatient,forasEmersonsays,"Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves."

What'sthepurposeofcitingtheexamplesofPittsburghinthefirstparagraph?

45.(55)

46.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaonewaymirror—theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArctic(北极)becausetheAntarctic(南极)ismuchcolderandhasmuchthickericesheets.ButtheweatherexpertsarcnowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehavior.ofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia(惯性)oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun'sdiminishingheat.

Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

A.preventthesun'sraysfromreachingtheearth'ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheclimatein