高中英语阅读理解之主旨题(思维导图+练习含答案)

阅读理解之主旨题（解析版）主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。正确选项特征干扰选项特征所给选项内容知所云容。概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内1.过于笼统，不1.涵盖性强，全段。2.确定的范围恰当，太大，太小。3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。4.无中生有，生搬硬套覆盖全文或所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章2.以偏概全，主次不分中的细节信息或个既不以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。所给选项被命题者有意A的内容在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。别词作为选项的设置内容，或也不识地把本属于放3.移花接木，偷换概念类型一标题归纳题一、提问方式·Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.·Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?·Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.二、解题必备知能(一)理解标题的3大特点一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1．概括性——准确而又简短；2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。(二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。例子1GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLess[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括文意本文是一篇新闻报道。《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德新推出了一档节目——SaveMoney:GoodFood，向观众展示第二步：析选项，斟酌判断如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜。A通过明智的吃来保持健康文中虽提到有关饮食和健康方面的内容，但这不是文章以偏概全，主次不分主要内容。BC平衡我们的日常饮食无中生有，生搬硬套文中没有提到平衡日常饮食。让你自己成为一个完美的厨师文中是只提到用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜，没有说做一个完美的厨师。以偏概全，主次不分D用的少，烹饪好涵盖性强，覆盖全文文章围绕用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜展开的。[答案]D类型二文章大意题提问方式·What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout________.·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?·Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?·Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.·Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.·Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.二、解题必备知能掌握寻找主题句的4个小窍门，快速确定文章大意文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。例子2Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括文意文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断A新语言将会被创造。移花接木，偷换概念无中生有，生搬硬套文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。B人们的生活方式会反映到语言上。文中没有这种说法。CD人类的发展导致语言越来越少。文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变化以及现在很涵盖性强，覆盖全文多语言面临消亡的威胁这一现象。地理决定语言的发展。无中生有，生搬硬套文中没有这种说法。[答案]C类型三段落大意题一、常见设问方式·WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?·Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.·Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.·WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?·Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?二、解题必备知能归纳段落大意的2种方法方法1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种句就在段首；(2)如果按分总顺序组织，(3)如果按分总分的(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；结构的主题主题句就在段尾；顺序组织，则主题句就在这段的话中间；明显的看到一段的首句(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。例子3TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.…28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括段意该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车theTransition的相关情况：①制造商：②首飞成功：completeditsfirstflight③上市时间：withinthenextyear④飞车名字：theTransition⑤飞车构成：twoseats,fourwheelsandwingsTerrafugiaInc.⑥飞行时速：around70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair⑦耗油：5gallonsperhourintheair;Ontheground,35milespergallon由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车theTransition的一些基本数据。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断theTransition的基本数据。A飞车涵盖性强，覆盖全段A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。飞车的一些优点。该选项错误在于以下两点：B①该段介绍了名字为theTransition的飞车；而不是全部无中生有，生搬硬套飞车(flyingcars)。列举的是基本数据而不是优点。飞车的潜在市场。②该段CD无中生有，生搬硬套原文没有提及。飞车theTransition的设计商。以偏概全，主次不分该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。[答案]A三、高考真题2020年全国卷1-DTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexamplediscoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.AnewstudyofdifferentplantsB.Abigfallincrimerates.C.EmployeesfromvariousworkplacesD.Benefitsfromgreenplants.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.CouldglowingplantsreplacelampsD.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?2020年(全国卷11-B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AmathematicalmethodB.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.2020年(全国卷Ⅱ-D)Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplavedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I'vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary2020年(全国卷Ⅲ11-B)

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout:A.Thecostofmaking"Apes"B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout"Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.2020年(全国卷ⅢI-C)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.2020年(全国卷ⅢI-D)OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats:inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkilsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers2020年(新高考全国卷1-B)JenniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromJennifer'sstory?A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.2020年(新高考全国卷1-C)Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea.LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestrovedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustamhistranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders.whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorcanizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.TointroduceabookB.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.2020年(新高考全国卷1-D)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.C.Consumerdemand.B.Movieviewership.D.Eatingbehavior.2020年(天津卷-A)HowtoUseaModernPublicLibrarHasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.It'sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge,meetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.40.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TopointouttheimportanceofpubliclibrariesB.Toencouragepeopletoworkinpubliclibraries.C.Tointroducetheimprovedservicesofpubliclibraries.D.Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.2020年(天津卷-B)"Theytellmethatyou'dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?"Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl."Yes,sir"”shereplied,herdarkevesmeetinghis."Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.”PresidentLincolnsmiled."Painters,sculptorsthey'vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI'mafraidthere'snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?"BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice,"Ofcourse-Ishouldn'thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize."Vinnie'sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure."Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,"Shedefendedherself,"wasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I'vedriventeamsofhousesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-engthclay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo!"ThePresident'seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit."Sorry,madam.IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn'tknowyourbackground

Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought."MissReam,"hesighed."I'dliketoletvoudoit.butasvouknow.weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself"Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice."Iworkquickly,"shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows."IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk."ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie'shandwarmly,"I'veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon."Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.45.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Astrong-willedsoulcanreachhisgoal.B.Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Devotionrequiresenthusiasm.2020年(天津卷-C)Forpeoplewhoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoiseinthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingthief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD,远程定向声波发射器).Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson.butitisnotdeadly.Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine.aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineonpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光灯)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;

similarly,a"spotsound"createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.50.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C.ThegrowinginterestinthestudyofsoundD.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.2020年(天津卷-D)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.55.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn2020年(江苏卷-C)Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.64.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.2020年(江苏卷-D)Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorganisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet.whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.70.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossible

B.TheKnownandtheUnknownC.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilizedD.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligent2020年(浙江卷Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力1月-C))characteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance2020年(浙江卷Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口7月-B))signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.27.WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C.ItpavstoputtheoryintopracticeD.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.2020年(浙江卷7月-C)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge参考答案(全国卷1-D)【答案与解析】

32,D主旨大意题根据moreproductive可推知,本段主要通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人的益处。35,C主旨大意题通读全文可知,文章重点介绍了麻省理工学院对植物照明的研发,用设问的“发光植物能替代灯(照明)吗?"Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects...experiencedlesscrime,...15%方式给出标题(全国卷11-B)【答与解析】27,B主旨大意题本文主要介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究,玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益,该研究表明,对于2到4岁的孩子来说(全国卷35,D主旨大意题第二段的青少年时期,再到第三、四、五段为人母、祖母时期,都有图馆的相伴,她在图书馆看书获得了无尽的快乐,而这种快乐也在她的家族中代代传承,也正是因为对于图书馆的喜爱,使得作者在文章最后发出支持图书馆的号召。所以,整篇文章都贯穿着作者对图书馆的喜爱。D项为最佳答案。本题也可以用排除法。A项说阅读是知识的源泉,而实际上本文谈的最多的是在图书馆看书带给她的快乐,没有直接提到知识,因为知识仅仅是她从图书馆获得的快乐的一部分;B项说的写作的看法,而本文几乎没有提到writing,只是在文章最后提到号召writers支持图书馆:C项说的是图书馆是年轻人的避风港,而本文并没有专门针对年轻人,而是根据作者从小到大再到有后代的人生中,讲述了在图书馆看书获取快乐的传统已经在她的家庭中得已传承。Ⅱ-D)【答案与解析】纵观本文,作者写的是图书馆在她人生的不同阶段带给她的快乐和意义,由第一段的孩提时代到书是对(全国卷25,B主旨大意题演员的动作,并利用计算机图形学,创造出数字化的动物形象--逼真的类人猿。Ⅲ11-B)【答案与解析】第二段介绍了《猩球崛起》电影制作团队如何运用动作捕捉技术,记录人类(全国卷31.D主旨大意题会现象,根据已发布的研究报告和数据可知ⅢI-C)【答本文以丽塔(Rita)三代人这种现象呈上升的趋势。案与解析】同住一起为例,介绍了在英国多代人同住起这一社(全国卷35,A主旨大意题,作者主要介绍了人类的进化不只发生在数十亿年前,近几千年人类也一直在进化。作者主要以巴瑶人为例,讲述了在从事潜水活动的过程中,他们的身体结构逐渐变得更加适应水下环境,由此可知BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea为适合的标题。ⅢI-D)【答案与解析】纵观全文(新高考全国卷1-B)【答案与解析】

7,C主旨大意题本文主要讲述了,C.Hardworkpaysoff.“功夫不负有心人。A.Timeismoney.意为“时间就是金钱。”;选项B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.意为”;选项D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.意为“教育是成功的关键。JenniferMauer通过自己的不懈努力”(也可翻译为“天道酬勤”,“付出总有回报“爱能冲,最终实现了自己的目标因此选”)。选项破一切阻碍。”(新高考全国卷1-C)【答案与解析】11.A主旨大意题文章第一段和第二段开头部分交代了GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia这本书的创作背景;第二段后半部分和第三段介绍了书的具,包括主题物和事件等;最后一段综全合文来看,本文的中心是围绕着一本书展开的ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe本内容、人描述了作者的创作手法、写作技巧以及对书的评价。,目的就是为了介绍这本书。(新高考全国卷1-D)【答案与解析】12.D主旨大意题文章第一段第一句提到,根据《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究,我们就餐时,同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。再结合下文内容可知,这项研究是有关饮食行为的。(天津卷-A)【答案与解析】40.C,主旨大意题。从文章标题HowtoUseaModernPublicLibrary可知,本文是关于如何使用现代公共图书馆的,也就是介绍了改进之后的公共图书馆服务。故选择C.(天津卷-B)【答案与解析】45.A,主旨大意题。个17岁的小女孩给总统Lincoln做雕塑的事