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------------------------------------------------------------------------被动语态专项练习及详解被动语态专项练习(一)一、选择题(2×15=30分)
()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted
()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone
()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.
A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown
()10.Who_____thisbook_____?
A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written
()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.
A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus
()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.
A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump
()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.
A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput
()14.Olderpeople____well.
A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter
()15.Ourteacher______carefully.
A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(1×20=20分)(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?4.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.
8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.
9.What_______knives______(make)of?
They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.
10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?
11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.
13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.
14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.
15.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?
16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.17.Look!Someone__________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。(1×30=30分)1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改为主动语态)_______people_________teainSouthChina?2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryyear.3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?
4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.
5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It______________________byyounow.
6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________________________makingmachines.
7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I____________________________thatforhim.
8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_____________________bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)
__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?
10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)
Thelightgreendresses____________________________out.
11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)Thegame_______________“Lianliankan”byus.四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。(1×10=10分)①Thenewbike______________________(买给我)bymyparentsasapresentlastweek.②_______yourmobilephone______________________(是国产的吗)?③Thewholemountainis__________________(覆盖)thesnow.五、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。(10分)①Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight.____________②Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass?____________③LeiFeng'snamerememberedbyallChinesepeople.____________④Themusicissoundedbeautiful.____________⑤BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?_____________Answers一、选择题(2×15=30分)
1.B2.D3.A4.C5.6.C7.B8.B9.C10.B11.B12.D13.B14.B15.A二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(1×20=20分)(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.willbebuilt2.isbeingdiscussed3.isspoken4.hasn’tbeenfound5.werecut6.aretold7.mustbesent8.aresold9.aremade,aremade10.betaken11.iscleaned12.beseen13.havebeenwatered14.sells15.hasbeen16.smells17isdancing三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。(1×30=30分)1.Do,grow2.isgiventome3.soonis4.willbesung5.needn’tbedone6.isusedfor7.wasmadetodo8.isbeingwatched9.wasbuilt10.havebeensold11.iscalled四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。(1×10=10分)①wasboughtforme②IsmadeinChina③coveredwith五、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。(10分)①bedone改为do②listened改为listenedto③remembered改为wasremembered④issounded改为sounds⑤Bywho改为Bywhom被动语态专项练习(二)
Ⅰ单项选择
1.Goodbooks____againandagain.
A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead
C.mustreadD.oughttoread
2.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelookedB.lookedafter
C.werelookedafterD.looked
3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened
C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten
4.When____theaccident_____?
A.was,happenB.did,happen
C.is,happenD.was,happened
5.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed
6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt
7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup
8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished
9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown
10.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praises
C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised
11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.
A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen
C.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened
12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken
13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired
14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing
15.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout
16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.
A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats
17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking
18.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadeworkB.aremadetowork
C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork
19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.
A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled
20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentupB.issentup
C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup
21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.
A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.
A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?
A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found
24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended
25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.
A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin
26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted
27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.
A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee
28.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen
30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.
2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?
5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.
6.Ithinkthatheisright.
7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.
8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.
9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.
10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.
参考答案
Ⅰ单项选择
1.B2.C3.D4.B5.C
6.B7.B8.A9.A10.A
11.A12.C13.D14.A15.A
16.A17.C18.B19.C20.C
21.B22.D23.B24.C25.D
26.A27.C28.B29.C30.B
Ⅱ、把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Theboywasseentorunbymeyesterday.
2.Iwastoldthathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Alotofdifferencescanbefoundbyyoubetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Areyourflowerswateredeveryday?
5.Thebigtreewasblowndownlastnight.
6.Itisthoughtthatheisright.
7.Thebadfoodhadnotbeenthrown.
8.Thetrouserswerenotbeingmendedbymymother.
9.HewouldnotbetakentoBeijing.
10.Iwasknownbynobodyinthistownatthattime.被动语态专项练习(三)
一、单项选择()1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?—Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give()3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()4.—DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?—No,I____.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite()5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?—Whenyourhomework___,youcan.A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did()6.Twenty—year—oldsshouldnot____todriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.()7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat___.A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.()8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.()9.Treesandflowers__everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.()10.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang___GoodWillAmbassadors(亲善大使)forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.()11.Theearthisourhome.It___well.A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.()12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.()13.___anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.()14.Anaccident___onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.()15.Cotten____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.()16.Sofar,themoon___bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.()17.Howmanytrees___thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.()18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.()19.Neitherofthem___inChinaA.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.()20.Look!Anicepicture___forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.()21.Yourshoes___.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.()22.Thedoctor___foryet.A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent.()23—When___thiskindofcomputer___?—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()24.TheGreatWall__aboutallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.()25.I___insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn.()26.HesaysthatMrZhang___tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.()27.Who___thisbook__?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written()28.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()29.Astory__byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()30.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump参考答案1~5CBABA6~10CBDCB11~15AABDA16~20CCBAB21~25CBBCB26~30DBBBD二、单项选择1()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused2()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed3()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't4()1-Myshoesarewornout.-___.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do5()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am6()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild8()1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften__upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung9()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()2Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()4Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell10()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()3Thesewalls___stones.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto11()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()2Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()3Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto12()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()2Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()3Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()2Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()3Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto14()1Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()2Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()4Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close17()1Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__.A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburnt18()1Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()3Whatyousaid___likeagoodidea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded19()1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()2Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()3Thebookisworth___.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read参考答案:1.1-5BDDDC2.1-5BCBBC3.1-3ABB4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA14.1-4BCB15.1-4BDAC16.1-3ABC17.1-3BCD18.1-3CCD19.1-3ACB在实际语言应用中,有很多动词多以被动形式出现在句子中,但在意义上却无被动之感,中学阶段常见的如下:
一、表示空间位置等意义的动词。例如:
1.Johnwasseatedinachair.
约翰坐在椅子上。
2.LondonislocatedonthebanksoftheRiverThames.
伦敦坐落在泰晤士河畔。
3.OurcollegeissituatedinthecityofBeijing.
我们学院在北京。
4.Thesoldierswerestationedonthehill.
士兵驻扎在山上。
二、表示“倾注、专心、意愿、推测”等意义的动词。例如:
1.Theprofessorwasemployed/engagedinpreparinghislessons.
教授正忙于备课。
2.Hewasdevotedtohisresearch.
他专注于他的研究工作。
3.Shewaslostinthought.她陷入沉思。
4.Weshouldbeconcernedwiththegrowthoftheyoungergeneration.
我们应该关心青年一代的成长。
5.Weareallpreparedforthefinalexamination.
我们都做好了期终考试的准备。
6.HeisdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.
他决心学好英语。
7.Heissupposedtobehereatseven.
他应该七点到这儿。
三、表示人的情感变化、心理活动、喜怒哀乐等意义的动词。例如:
1.Wewereallworriedabouthisillness.
我们都担心他的病情。
2.Theteacherwassatisfied/pleasedwithmyanswer.
老师对我的回答很满意。
3.Hewastoofrightenedtomoveinthedarkness.
黑暗中他太害怕了,不敢动。
4.I’mtiredofyouremptywords.
我听厌了你的空话。
5.Hewasdelighted/disappointedatthenews.
听到这消息他很高兴/失望。
6.Shewasshockedatthesightofthatman.
看到那个男人,她感到很震惊。
7.Motherwaspuzzledbymyquestion.
母亲对我提的问题迷惑不解。
四、表示“装配、装饰、盛满”等意义的动词。例如:
1.Thebottleisfilledwithoil.
这瓶子盛满了油。
2.Thetruckwasloadedwithcoal.
卡车装载着煤。
3.Sheisalwaysdressedinred.
她总是穿红衣服。
4.Hismindwascrowdedwithwhys.
他满脑子全是为什么。
5.Thenewplantwasequippedwithmodernmachines.
这家新工厂装配着现代化的机器。
6.Thetownismarkedwithanoldcastle.
该城以一个古堡为标志。
五、其他一些常见的用法。例如:
1.Theartistwasbornin1928.
这位画家出生于1928年。
2.Mybrotherwasmarried/engagedlastyear.
我弟弟去年结婚/订婚。
3.Heisexperiencedinteaching.
他富有教学经验。
4.Thefilmisonlyintendedfortheteenagers.
这部电影是仅为青少年拍的。
5.Soonhebecameaddictedtocigarettes.
他很快就有了烟瘾。
6.Facedwithadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.
面对艰难的处境,阿诺德决定征求老板的建议。被动语态详解(一)(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)
Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例,列表如下:
一般现在时:am/is/are+given
一般过去时:was/were+given
一般将来时:shall/will+be+given
一般过去将来时:should/would+be+given
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+given
过去进行时:was/were+being+given
现在完成时:have/has+been+given
过去完成时:had+been+given
将来完成时:shall/will+havebeen+given
过去将来完成时:should/would+havebeen+given
[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)被动语态常用的八种时态
1.一般现在时:
Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.
Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.
Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.
Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.
2.一般过去时:
Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.
Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.
Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.
Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.
3.一般将来时:
Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.
Carswillbesentabroadbysea.
Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.
Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.
4.过去将来时:
Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.
Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.
Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.
Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.
5.现在进行时:
TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.
Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.
Wearepaintingtherooms.
Theroomsarebeingpainted.
6.过去进行时:
—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?
—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.
Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.
Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.
Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.
7.现在完成时:
Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.
Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.
8.过去完成时:
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.
Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.
Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.
9.含有情态动词的被动语态:
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.
Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.
Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.
Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.
(四)被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”
(只是告诉老师杯子坏了,不知是谁弄坏的,或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.
ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。
ThesecarsweremadeinChina.
15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
(2)Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.
→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。
(六)语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)
Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:
Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.
注意:一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。
Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.
Mybikewaslenttoher.
一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:
build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。
Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)
Themeatwascookedforus.
Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.
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