高中英语选修6第一单元知识点、语法及练习

第一单元学问点1.abstract1)adj.深邃的，抽象的e.g.Beautyisabstractbutahouseisnot.2)v.提炼，抽取；概括，写摘要e.g.Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.e.g.Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。3）n.anabstractofalecture一个演讲的摘要2.WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhomewouldratherdosth情愿做…e.g.Iwouldratherstayathometoday.wouldrathersbdosth情愿sb做…e.g.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsthe.g.Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.=Iwouldgowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefertogowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefergoingwithyoutostayinghere.3.faithn.信任,信仰breakone'sfaithwithsb.对某人不守信用keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信havefaithin信任,信任losefaithin不再信任ingoodfaith醇厚地；恳切地e.g.Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了对他的诺言。Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信念的人,失去全部。faithfuladj.忠诚的，牢靠的befaithfulto…对…忠诚4.consequentlyadv.所以，因此e.g.MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.consequentadj.作为结果的,随之发生的consequencen.结果asaconsequence/result=inconsequenceasaconsequence/resultof=becauseofe.g.Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).5.aimA．1)n.目标(C)e.g.Whatisyouraiminlife你生活的目的是什么withoutaim无目的的/无目标的achieveone’saim达到目标missone’saim打不中目标(U)对准,瞄准takeaimate.g.Thehuntertookaimatthelion.2）v.(以枪等)对准,瞄准aimataimatthetarget=takeaimatthetarget瞄准靶子e.g.Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.无目标的，无目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.B.准备,安排,以…为目标,立志做…aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄准,力求做到,力争达到e.g.Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor./Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.6.evidentadj.明白的,明显的e.g.Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…e.g.It'sevidentthatyouaretired.n.evidence证据;证明inevidence=evident明显的7.realistic现实主义的,逼真的,现实的inamorerealisticway以一种更逼真的形式realism现实主义realist现实主义者realadj.真的realizev.实现8.adoptvt.1).实行;接受;汲取e.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.2).过继,收养[(+as)]e.g.Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.3).正式通过,接受e.g.Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.adoptedadj.被收养的，被接受的anadoptedchild9.possess用作动词时，不能用于进行时。1）“有，拥有”e.g.Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartist’searlyworks.2）“具有…的特质”bepossessedofsth意为“具有某种品质或特征”3）“支配，限制”e.g.Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.possession【c】财产，全部物（常用复数）personalpossessions个人财产e.g.Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.【u】占有，拥有Take/get/have/gainpossessionof占据，夺取inpossessionof(表主动）占inthepossessionof=inone’spossession（表被动）…被占有〃e.g.Heisin~ofthehouse.他拥有这套房子。Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.这套房子在他的占有之下。10.convincevt.“使确信；使信服”convincesb.todosth..劝服某人做…convincesbofsthconvincesb+that从句使某人确信某事e.g.Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我确信他的真诚。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.sb.beconvincedofsthsb.beconvincedthat…某人确信。。。11.attemptv.尝试，企图,努力去执行或完成attemptdoing反复尝试做attempttodo企图做attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doinge.g.Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.n.1)企图或努力2)攻击；攻击anattemptonsomeone'slife对某人生命的攻击makeanattempttodosth/atdoingsth尝试做…atone’sattempt在…尝试下one’sfirstattempt初次尝试e.g.Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她试着做这顿饭。12.ontheotherhand另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与ononehand连用。Ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面另…一方面e.g.Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idon’thavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idon’thaveenoughmoney.athand在手边，在旁边byhand用手的，手工的gohandinhandwith与…共同行动13.figure1)外形;体形;人影e.g.Isawafigureinthedarkness.2)体态;风姿e.g.Shehasaslenderfigure.3)人物;名人e.g.Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4)数字e.g.Wheredidyougetthosefigures14.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的e.g.Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。anaggressivesalesman一干劲很大的售货员aggressiveweapons攻击性武器2)aggressivelyadv.气概汹汹地3)aggressionn.侵略（行动）aggressorn.侵略者15.intheflesh活生生，本人，亲自fleshn.肌肉;肉e.g.HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh你见过周杰伦本人吗？fleshandblood肉体，血肉之躯e.g.Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.loseflesh减肥gain/putonflesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的16.preference1)更加的宠爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]e.g.Awindowseatismypreference.我宠爱靠窗的座位。2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]e.g.Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee3)偏袒[U][(+for)]e.g.Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.4)优先(权);实惠权[U][C]inpreferenceto优先于haveapreferencefor偏爱e.g.Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.I’dchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.17.appealvi.1)呼吁,请求appealtosbforsth.e.g.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]e.g.Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[(+to)]e.g.TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]e.g.Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.18.reputationn.名誉,名声[(+for)]e.g.Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer’sreputation.liveuptoone’sreputation不负盛名loseone’sreputation失去盛名winahighreputation赢得很高的声誉19.morethan＋名词意为“不仅仅”e.g.Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.1)morethan+数词，意为“超过”相当于over，其反义词组为lessthan。e.g.Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.2)“morethan＋形容词/副词”是“很”或“特别”的意思。e.g.Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我对你的讲话特别满足。3)在“more...than...”结构中，确定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分，常译为“是…而不是…”或“与其说…不如说…”。e.g.Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是胆怯 不如说是感到很惊异。20.contemporary1)adj.当代的;同时代的;同年龄的e.g.HislectureisoncontemporaryAmericannovelists.Hehasfurnitureofcontemporarystyle.becontemporarywith与…同时代e.g.WasJonsoncontemporarywithShakespeare琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈2)n.[C]同时代的人,同年龄的人；同时期的东西；当代人,现代人e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbyhiscontemporaries.他被他的同时代的人瞧不起。1. Youhavetobe________.Anybodylikeyouwithoutany______experienceisnotlikelytobegivenabigsalaryevenifyougraduatefromafamousuniversity..A.true;realisticB.realistic;practicalC.practical;realisticD.real;realistic2.Sculpturesaresomething______buttheconceptstheydemonstrateare_______,whichtakeswisdomtounderstandA.real;subtractB.concrete;abstractC.realistic;subscribeD.specific;conventional3.Havefaith______yourself,befaithful_______yourworkandmakeeveryeffortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.A.of;ofB.in;inC.to;inD.in;to4.Plowingthefieldisthe______meanstogrowcropsinChina,typical_____theChinesefarmingforthousandsofyears.A.controversial;withB.traditional;inC.conventional;ofD.contemporary;to5.Strictmeasureshavetobe______toprotect______childrenfromfamilyabuses.A.adapted;adoptedB.adopted;adoptedC.adjusted;adjustedD.attached;adopted6.Studentsaregivenalotofexercisestodo,_______toimprovetheirgrades.A.aimedB.aimingC.tobeaimedD.toaim7.Nobodyknowsforsurewhopossessedtheancientflowervase.Inotherwords,nobodyknowsforsurewhois______oftheflowervase.A.inpossessionB.inthepossessionC.ofthepossessionD.withpossession8.Thestoryistotallymadeup.If_______ithappenstobe______anyone’sexperience,weareheretoapologize.A.bycoincidence;similartoB.byaccident;incoincidencewithC.bychance;bycoincidencewithD.X;incoincidenceto9.Whethereuthanasia(安乐死)shouldbemadelegalhasbeen________inthelawcircleformanyyears.A.conventionalB.controversialC.potentialD.experimental10.Itisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown______,whichfollowseverywhereyougowhenthereislight.A.shadeB.shadowC.figureD.sculpture11.Ihaveheardofthefamousscholarthousandsoftimesbuthaven’tseenhim_______.A.inthefleshB.inpersonalC.infleshD.inprivate12.Allvisitorswereamazedattheskillsand______theartist______whencarvingthefigureonthemarbleA.technologies;showedB.techniques;displayedC.technology;madeD.technique;displayed13.Insucha______situation,wehavetobecarefulofwhatwesayandwhatwedo.A.delicateB.fragileC.weakD.flexible14.It_______asuperbmindtopredictwhatwillexactlyhappeninthefuture.A.takesB.costsC.spendsD.makes15.Itstillremainsamysterywhysomepeopleare_______certainflowerfragrancewhileothersarenot.A.allergictoB.accustomedtoC.addictedtoD.appealingto16.Egypt______ahighreputationofancientcivilizationacrosstheworldA.likesB.appreciatesC.enjoysD.isfondof17._______oftimeandenergyhasbeenspentinmakingtheearthquake-strickenareasapermanentmuseumtoremindpeoplehowdisastrousanaturaldisastercanbe.A.LargequantitiesB.AgreatdealC.AgoodmanyD.Aplenty18.Thegirl______tofigureoutwhattheboy’sattemptwas_____bygivingherabunchofrosesbutwithoutsuccess.A.managed;XB.succeeded;onC.attempted;atD.tried;on19.Visualteachingaids_______tostudentsandhelpthemlearnbetterbut______theyshouldnotbeoverusedinclass.A.attract;ontheotherhandB.appeal;ontheotherhandC.holdinterest;onotherhandD.areinterested;ononehand20.________exhibitsmadeofclayonexhibitionhavetobetakenspecialcareof_____themfrombeingdamaged.A.Delicate;preventingB.Fragile;tostopC.Weak;tokeepD.Faint;keeping21.Theoldmanenjoyscollectingsignaturesofcotemporaryfamouspeople_______famouspaintings.A.withpreferenceofB.inpreferencetoC.inpreferenceforD.withpreferenceto22.Thedistrictcommittee______havingabigheadachein______withtheaggressiveboyswhomaketroublenowandtheninthearea.A.is;dealingB.are;dealingC.is;doingD.are;doing23.Pleasegiveusa_______explanation______whyyouhavedoneso______ingeometryinschool.A.specific;to;wellB.concrete;for;goodC.general;to;wonderfulD.specific;to;good24.---Ihearthereisanartgalleryaroundhereandcouldyoutellmehowtogettoit,sir---Itis______207ontheFifthAvenue.Walkdownthisstreetandyou______.A. on;can’tmissitB.at;can’tavoiditC.on;can’tescapeD.at;can’tmissit25. Studentsareburdenedwithtoomuchexercises,_______theirschoolgrade.A.aimingtoimproveB.aimingatimprovingC.aimedtoimproveD.aimedtoimproving虚拟语气基本含义：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推想。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特别形式来表示。用法：用于非真实条件句1.条件句：1）真实条件句指假设的状况有可能发生的条件句，用陈述语气。2）非真实条件句指假设的状况是过去或限制都不存在的，或将来也不大可能发生的，用虚拟语气2.if条件句的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：if条件句主句例句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be用were)would/could/should/might+V原IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.(我不是你)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.(我不知道)与将来事实相反动词过去式(be用were)Ifhecame/shouldcome/weretocomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.(他来的可能性很小)should+V原wereto+V原【学以致用】（2012湖南高考）Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI______time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.Had用于宾语从句1.动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气wish后的宾语从句中谓语的形式例句与现在事实相反的愿望动词的过去式(be用were)IwishthatIknewsomethingaboutprogramming.与过去事实相反的愿望过去完成式Theywishthattheyhadn’ttoldittous.将来的愿望would/could/should/might+V原Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.【学以致用】(2011北京高考)—WherearethechildrenThedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey________alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen表示主观意愿的动词后，后面宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略如：suggest建议require要求demand要求insist坚持要求order/command吩咐e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setadeadlineforthecompletionoftheplan.Theyrequirethatparking(should)beallowedhere.他们要求允许在此处停车。Heinsistedthatshefastenhersafetybelt.他要求她系好平安带。注：suggest表示“表明，示意”，insist表示“坚持某一说法”时，后宾语从句用陈述语气。e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfied.他脸上的表情表明他很满足。Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecarandinsistedthathe(should)besetfreeatonce.他坚持说自己没有偷那辆汽车，并坚持要求立即释放他。【学以致用】(2013陕西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatwe________eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.Wouldwouldrather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气现在或将来的愿望wouldrather+主语+动词过去式Iwouldratherheleftnow.Iwouldratherhecameearliertomorrow.与过去事实相反的愿望wouldrather+主语+动词的过去完成式IwouldratherIhadnotliedyesterday.(事实上昨天撒谎了)【学以致用】(2010江苏高考)Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【即学即练】IfI________wherehelived,I________alettertohim.A.knew;wouldsendB.hadknown;wouldsend