教师资格证《英语学科知识与教学能力（初级中学）》（题库）预测试卷二

教师资格证《英语学科知识与教学能力（初级中学）》（题库）预测试卷二[单选题]1.Whichof（江南博哥）thefollowingcanbeusedinstressandintonationpractice？A.Theteachercanindicatethestressandintonationsbyclappinghands.B.Theteachercanraisehis/hervoicetoindicatethestressandintonations.C.Theteachercanhighlightthestressandintonationsontheblackboardbyunderliningthem.D.Alloftheabove.参考答案：D参考解析：本题考查语音练习方法。重音和语调的练习方法主要有使用手势(如拍手)、提高音量及在黑板上标识(通过画线、使用彩色粉笔或改变字号等方式)。[单选题]2._______wetalktosomeone，we'llcertainlyfeelworse.A.HoweverB.BesidesC.UnlessD.Except参考答案：C参考解析：本题考查词义辨析。however“然而”，besides“除……之外”，unless“除非，如果不”，except“除了”。句意为“如果我们不与他人谈话，我们会感觉更糟糕”。故本题选C。[单选题]3.Mr.Wangdevotedhimself_______teachingintheruralarea.A.toB.forC.byD.in参考答案：A参考解析：本题考查固定搭配。devoteto意为“致力于……，为……献身”。句意为“王老师致力于在乡村教书”。故本题选A。[单选题]4.Sittingbythewindowofthetrain，youcanhaveabetter_______.A.sceneryB.sightC.sceneD.view参考答案：D参考解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意为“坐在火车的窗边，你就会获得更好的视野”。分析句子成分可知，空格处缺少可数名词。scenery“风景，风光”为不可数名词，排除A。sight既可以指场景，又可以指名胜、风景，但表示后者的含义时，习惯上要用复数；scene表示某一特定或具体场面的景色、场景，尤指有人或动物的风光；view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象，意为“视野”，常用搭配为haveabetterview。故本题选D。[单选题]5.ItookmydaughtertotheamusementparklastSunday._______wehadtogetherthere!A.WhatgoodtimeB.WhatagoodtimeC.HowgoodtimeD.Howagoodtime参考答案：B参考解析：本题考查感叹句。句意为“上周末，我带我的女儿去了游乐园。我们一起度过了一段美好的时光”。由what引导的感叹句结构为“What+a／an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”；由how引导的感叹句结构一般为“How+形容词+a／an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”。agoodtime“一段美好的时光”。故本题选B。[单选题]6.BillaskedmetosinganEnglishsong，and_______.A.soIdidB.sodidIC.soBilldidD.sodidBill参考答案：A参考解析：本题考查固定句式。“SO+系动词／助动词／情态动词+主语”主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“……也一样”。“so+主语+系动词／助动词／情态动词”主要用于加强语气，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。句意为“比尔让我唱一首英文歌，所以我就唱了”。故本题选A。[单选题]7.CatherinewasmuchkindertoTomthanshewastotheothers，_______，ofcourse，makesalltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that参考答案：B参考解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意为“凯瑟琳对待汤姆比对待其他人更友好，当然，这使其他人很沮丧”。分析句子成分可知该句为非限制性定语从句，what和that不引导非限制性定语从句，故排除C、D。所填词要在从句中作主语，并指代前面的整个主句，故排除A，本题选B。[单选题]8.Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.A.synchronicB.historicC.diachronicD.descriptive参考答案：A参考解析：本题考查语言学中的重要区别。共时研究和历时研究是语言学中的重要区别。共时研究以某个特定时期的语言为研究对象，比如现代汉语研究、莎士比亚时代语言研究都属于此类。历时研究则研究语言各个阶段的发展变化，研究语言的历史发展规律。A项“共时的”，B项“历史的”，C项“历时的”，D项“描述性的”。故本题选A。[单选题]9._______isthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthecognitiveorbehavioralcharacteristicsofthosewhouseit.A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Psycholinguistics参考答案：D参考解析：本题考查语言学知识。Pragmatics是“语用学”，研究话语在使用中的语境意义；Semantics是“语义学”，研究自然语言的意义；Sociolinguistics是“社会语言学”，研究社会的各层面对语言运用的影响；Psycholinguistics是“心理语言学”，通过观察和研究人的感觉、认识、知觉等现象，来揭示人类语言发育、发展、成熟的规律。通过各选项定义可知D项正确。[单选题]10.Thewordhasthesame_______meaningtoallthespeakersofthesamelanguage.A.conceptualB.associativeC.lexicalD.affective参考答案：A参考解析：本题考查语义学知识。一个单词的概念意义对于所有使用该语言的讲话者来说都是一样的。conceptual“概念的”，associative“结合的”，lexical“词汇的”，affective“情感的”。A项符合题意。[单选题]11.Intheword"interchangeable"，therootis_______.A.interB.interchangeC.changeD.changeable参考答案：C参考解析：本题考查英语构词法。词根(root)是单词组成的根本。interchangeable由三部分构成：前缀inter+词根change+后缀able。故本题选C。[单选题]12."Thewholesystemofrulesthateveryoneinacountryorsocietymustobey"isthe_______meaningoftheword"law"A.connotativeB.conceptualC.associativeD.complementary参考答案：B参考解析：本题考查意义类型。connotativemeaning“内涵意义”，指一些附加的，尤其是带有情感色彩的意义；conceptualmeaning“概念意义”，指词典中所标注的意思，即字面意思；associativemeaning“联想意义”；complementarymeaning“互补意义”。题干中所述为law(法律)的概念意义。[单选题]13.WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOTrepresenta"P"ofPPPmodel？A.Presentation.B.Practice.C.Preparation.D.Production.参考答案：C参考解析：本题考查3P教学模式。3P教学模式指Presentation→Practice→Production，故本题选C。[单选题]14.AccordingtoClark，ScarinoandBrownell'sview，pleaseselectthecomponentsoftaskinTask-basedLanguageTeaching.①purpose②context③process④functionoflanguage⑤productA.①②③⑤B.②③④⑤C.①②④⑤D.①②③④参考答案：A参考解析：本题考查任务型教学法。根据Clark，Scarino和Brownell的观点，任务型教学法中任务有四个要素：目的(purpose)、语境(context)、过程(process)和结果(product）故本题选A。[单选题]15._______discourseisanarrativeparagraphwhichshowsupinreadingclassesorgrammarclasses.Somewrittenformsoflanguagemakeupthediscoursewithuncertainlevelofdifficulty.Newwordsandphrasesareinevitable.A.ConversationB.VocabularyC.SentenceD.Paragraph参考答案：D参考解析：本题考查语篇类型。段落语篇是指一个叙述性段落，一般在阅读课中或者语法课中出现。语言的书面形式使得语篇的难度水平不确定，但是通常会有一些生词。[单选题]16.Studentsareofferedopportunitiestointegratewhattheylearnedfromthetextintotheirexistingknowledgeandcommunicatewithothersusingtheinformationinthelisteningtext.Thisdescriptionbelongsto_______stage.A.pre-listeningB.while-listeningC.post-listeningD.noneofthem参考答案：C参考解析：本题考查听力教学。题干叙述的教学活动为听后阶段进行的活动。[单选题]17.Whichofthefollowingisnotagoaloflistening？A.Understandingtheintentionofthespeakersaccordingtointonationandstress.B.Understandingconversationsonfamiliartopicsandextractinformationandideas.C.Understandingmainideasandnewwordswiththehelpofthecontext.D.Understandingandrecitethestoriesatnormalspeedandgrasptheircausesandeffects.参考答案：D参考解析：本题考查听力教学。听的目的是能听懂正常语速的故事，理解故事的因果关系，但并不需要背诵故事。[单选题]18.Whenthestudentsaregiventhetasktodesignaposterforabigschoolevent，thebestformofactivityis________.A.pairworkB.groupworkC.one-to-oneworkD.individualwork参考答案：B参考解析：本题考查课堂活动组织形式。设计校园活动的海报这个任务综合性较强，对于学生个人而言有一定难度，因此，最好的组织形式是小组活动。[单选题]19.Ifateachersays"Whydon'tyouhavepairworkorgroupwork？Ifyouaregoodenough，pleasediscussthesequestionsafterreading."inaclass，he/she_______.A.doesn'ttellstudentsexactlywhattodoandhowtodoB.givesaclearinstructionC.givesasuggestionD.showsstudentshowtodiscussquestions参考答案：A参考解析：本题考查课堂指令语。教师在课堂上的指令语应该遵循清晰原则、演示原则、检查原则、时机原则、先行组织原则、指令完备原则和起止清楚原则等。题干中的教师没有明确指出活动形式，“Ifyouaregoodenough”也会让学生疑惑自己是否需要进行接下来的活动。故本题选A。[单选题]20.Whichdoesnotbelongtothefeaturesofsummativeassessment？A.Basedontesting.B.Memoryworkfocused.C.Presentedinmarksandgrades.D.Focusedontheprocessoflearning.参考答案：D参考解析：本题考查教学评价。形成性评价(formativeassessment)与终结性评价(summativeassessment)是教学评价的常见类型。D项“注重学习的过程”属于形成性评价的特征。[问答题]1.简述教学设计的含义(5分)，并说明教学设计应遵循的原则(15分)。参考答案：详见解析参考解析：(1)教学设计是指教师根据正确的教学思想和教育原理，按照一定的教学目的和要求，针对具体的教学对象和教材，对英语教学的整个过程及其具体环节、总体结构和有关层面所做的预期的、行之有效的策划。(2)教学设计应遵循目的性、多样性、灵活性、可习得性及联系性这五个原则。①目的性。目的性是指一堂课要有明确的教学目标。目标不是教师在课上想做什么，而是指学生在课堂结束时能做什么。教学设计必须首先明确教学目标，然后在此基础上设计如何达到此目标。②多样性。多样性是指语言输入材料、输入方式、教学安排及练习形式的多样化，以便保持学生在课堂上的积极性。③灵活性。灵活性是指在教学设计中设计额外的教学活动或设计更多的活动选择，以便能够让教师在真正的课堂上应对突发状况。④可习得性。可习得性是指教师为课堂所设计的教学内容和教学活动的难度要在学生的学习能力范围之内，当然也不能太简单。太难或太简单都会打击学生的积极性。⑤联系性。联系性是指在教学设计中，课堂的每一个教学步骤都是相互联系的。好的联系能使课堂顺利地从一个阶段过渡到下一个阶段。[问答题]2.以下是某课堂教学实录。根据所给信息从下列三个方面作答。(1)在片段1中，教师的行为有哪些可取之处？(12分)(2)在片段2中，教师运用了哪种纠错方法？(4分)(3)评价片段2中的教师的纠错方法。(14分)参考答案：详见解析参考解析：(1)在片段1中，学生口语中出现的错误，属于语言行为错误，其产生的主要原因是学生的思维更多地关注语言的交流和表达。对于这一类错误，片段1中的教师并没有采取纠错的方式，而是采取了宽容的态度，特别是当学生的注意力集中在思想的表达、意义的传递上时，教师没有打断他们的交际来修正语言形式上的错误，以保证他们口语表达的流利性和思维的流畅性。这一点是可取的。(2)在片段2中，教师运用的纠错方法是强调暗示法。(3)在片段2中，当学生出现了“IverymuchliketowatchTV”这样的句子时，教师采取了迂回的方法，用“YoumeanyouverymuchliketowatchTV？”这样一个很自然的对话形式，使学生认识到了自己的错误，并在后面的交流中重复使用了这个句式的正确形式。教师重复学生的话，有意重读或拖长错误发音或用升调特别强调。这种方法既能纠正学生的口语错误，又能顾及学生的自尊心，提高学生参与口语活动的积极性。[问答题]3.设计任务：请阅读下面的学生信息和语言素材，设计15分钟的英语阅读教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：·teachingobjectives·teachingcontents·keyanddifficultpoints·majorstepsandtimeallocation·activitiesandjustifications教学时间：15分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学七年级(初中一年级)学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已达到《义务教育英语课程标准》二级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材：WenyuanClothesStoreComeandbuyyourclothesatWenyuan'sgreatsale!Doyoulikesweaters？Wehavesweatersataverygoodprice--only25yuan!Doyouneedbagsforsports？Wehavegreatbagsforonly12yuan!Forgirls，wehaveT-shirtsinred，greenandwhiteforonly18yuan!Forboys，youcanbuysocksforonly5yuaneach!Anybodycanaffordtheprices!ComeandseeforyourselfatWenyuanClothesStore!参考答案：详见解析参考解析：【参考设计】TeachingContents:Thereadingmaterialforthereadinglessonisapromotionadvertisementofaclothesstore.TeachingObjectives:(1)KnowledgeobjectiveStudentsareabletorecognizethenewwords"anybody，afford，sweaters"andmasterthesentencepattern"Wehave...for...yuan"，andbemorefamiliarwiththetopicof"buyingandselling".(2)AbilityobjectiveStudentscanproficientlyusecommunicativelanguagetobuyandsellthings.Besides，theirreadingskillsarealsoimproved.(3)EmotionalobjectiveStudentswillraisetheawarenessofspendingmoneyreasonablyanddevelopagoodconceptofconsumption.TeachingKeyandDifficultPoints:KeyPoint：StudentscanusecommunicativelanguagetobuyandsellthingsDifficultPoint：HowtomakestudentsusethereadingstrategiesofskimmingandscanningtograsptheEnglishusageofbuyingandsellingthings.MajorSteps:Step1Pre-reading(4minutes)(1)RecognizingnewwordsTheteacherparaphrasesthenewwords"anybody，afford"andshowssomepicturesofsweaters，andthenmakesasentence"Anybodycanaffordasweater"tohelpstudentsrecognizethenewwords.(2)DiscussionAfterthat，theteacherusesPPTtoshowsomepicturesofclothesofaclothesstore，andasksstudentstoworkingroupstomakeapromotionadvertisement，usingthesentencepattern"Wehave...for...yuan."Thenthewholeclassdiscusswhatpriceisreasonablefortheclothes.(Justification:Theseactivitiescanhelpstudentsunderstandthereadingmaterialbetter，andarousestudents'interestinthetopicofbuyingandselling.)Step2While-reading(8minutes)(1)SkimmingTheteacherasksstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandfindoutthemainideaofit.Afterreading，somestudentsareinvitedtosharetheirideasandtheteachergivesthemproperassessmentandpositivereply.(Justification:Students'skimmingabilitycanbeimprovedthroughthisstep，fromwhichtheycanmasterthegeneralmeaningofthepassage.Positivefeedbackcanencouragestudentstoparticipateinclassactivities.)(2)ScanningTheteacherasksstudentstoreadthepassageagainwithsomespecificquestions:①Howmucharethebagsforsports？②WhatcoloraretheT-shirtsof18Yuan？③HowmanykindsofclothesatWenyuanClothesStoreareonsale？(Justification:Students'scanningskillcanbeimprovedthroughthisstep.)(3)CarefulreadingTheteacherasksstudentstoreadthepassagecarefully，dothe"TrueorFalse"exercisesanddrawapromotionposterfortheclothesstore.WecanbuyclothesatWenyuanClothesStore.()Girlscanbuysocksforonly5yuaneach.()WenyuanClothesStoresellsT-shirtsinredonly.()Thentheteachercheckstheanswersandasksstudentstocomparetheirposterswiththeirpartners.(Justification:Thisstepcanhelpstudentsunderstandthepassagebetter.Drawingcanmakethereadingpartmoreinteresting.)Step3Post-reading(3minutes)Theteacherdividesstudentsintoeightgroupsandasksstudentstodoarole-play.Onestudentactsastheshopassistantandtheothersactascustomers.S1:Howmuchis/are...？S2:It's/Theyare...Thentheteacherasksthemtoperformtheirdialoguestotheclass.Atlast，theteachergivesthemproperassessmentandmakesasummarylike"Weshouldspendmoneyreasonablyanddevelopagoodconceptofconsumption".(Justification:Therole-playcanhelpstudentsconsolidatewhattheyhavelearned，communicatewiththeirclassmates，andformreasonableconsumptionhabits.)共享题干题根据以下材料，回答21-25题Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife，onebecomeshappy，theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings，persons，andevents，andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings，thepleasantpartsofconveniences，thewell-prepareddishes，thegoodnessofwines，thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore，theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks，theysourthepleasuresofsociety，offendmanypeople，andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature，suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobecritical.[Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation].Itgrowsintoahabit，unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong，butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactofimagination，ithasseriousconsequencesinlife，sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers，nobodylovesthem，andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect，andscarcelythat.Thisfrequencyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune，nobodywishesthemsuccess.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicdisapproval，noonewilldefendorexcusethem，andmanywilljointocriticizetheirmisconduct.Thesepeopleshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescendtobepleasedwithwhatispleasing，withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot，itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient，especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.[单选题]1.Accordingtotheauthor，themajorreasontocausethedifferencebetweenhappyandunhappypeopleis_______.A.thattheyhavedifferentlifestylesB.thattheyhavefewerfriendsC.thattheylookatthingsdifferentlyD.thattheyarenotongoodtermswiththepeoplearoundthem参考答案：C参考解析：细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings，persons，andevents，andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds”可知，正是由于看待物、人和事的方式存在差异，才导致了两种人的区别。Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife，onebecomeshappy，theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings，persons，andevents，andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings，thepleasantpartsofconveniences，thewell-prepareddishes，thegoodnessofwines，thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore，theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks，theysourthepleasuresofsociety，offendmanypeople，andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature，suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobecritical.[Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation].Itgrowsintoahabit，unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong，butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactofimagination，ithasseriousconsequencesinlife，sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers，nobodylovesthem，andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect，andscarcelythat.Thisfrequencyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune，nobodywishesthemsuccess.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicdisapproval，noonewilldefendorexcusethem，andmanywilljointocriticizetheirmisconduct.Thesepeopleshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescendtobepleasedwithwhatispleasing，withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot，itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient，especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.[单选题]2.Thebasicdifferencebetweenhappyandunhappypeopleliesinthefactsthat_______.A.theyfocusondifferentaspectsoftheirlifeB.theyhavedifferentattitudestowardsotherpeopleC.theyhavedifferentpersonalitiesD.theycomefromdifferentfamilybackgrounds参考答案：A参考解析：细节题。文章第二段指出“Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings”和“Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings”，由此可知两种人的区别在于关注点不同。Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife，onebecomeshappy，theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings，persons，andevents，andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings，thepleasantpartsofconveniences，thewell-prepareddishes，thegoodnessofwines，thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore，theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks，theysourthepleasuresofsociety，offendmanypeople，andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature，suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobecritical.[Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation].Itgrowsintoahabit，unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong，butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactofimagination，ithasseriousconsequencesinlife，sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers，nobodylovesthem，andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect，andscarcelythat.Thisfrequencyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune，nobodywishesthemsuccess.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicdisapproval，noonewilldefendorexcusethem，andmanywilljointocriticizetheirmisconduct.Thesepeopleshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescendtobepleasedwithwhatispleasing，withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot，itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient，especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.[单选题]3.Thesentence"Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation"inParagraph2means_______.A.criticizinghasbecomeahabitandnoonewantstoimitatethemB.criticizingandbeingdisgustedhasbecomeatendencyanditiscausedinitiallybyimitationC.thistendencyshouldnotbeimitatedD.imitationisoneofthereasonswhytheyalwayscriticizeothers参考答案：B参考解析：细节题。“Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation”这句话的意思是，这种挑剔和让人厌烦的倾向起先可能是由模仿造成的。故本题选B。Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife，onebecomeshappy，theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings，persons，andevents，andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings，thepleasantpartsofconveniences，thewell-prepareddishes，thegoodnessofwines，thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore，theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks，theysourthepleasuresofsociety，offendmanypeople，andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature，suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobecritical.[Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation].Itgrowsintoahabit，unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong，butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactofimagination，ithasseriousconsequencesinlife，sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers，nobodylovesthem，andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect，andscarcelythat.Thisfrequencyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune，nobodywishesthemsuccess.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicdisapproval，noonewilldefendorexcusethem，andmanywilljointocriticizetheirmisconduct.Thesepeopleshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescendtobepleasedwithwhatispleasing，withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot，itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient，especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.[单选题]4.Whatdoes"condescend"(Para.3)mean？A.Retentive.B.Forcethemselves.C.Makeefforts.D.Behumbleandaccept.参考答案：D参考解析：词汇题。联系上下文，根据句意可知，condescend意为“谦逊，屈尊”。故本题选D。Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife，onebecomeshappy，theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings，persons，andevents，andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings，thepleasantpartsofconveniences，thewell-prepareddishes，thegoodnessofwines，thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore，theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks，theysourthepleasuresofsociety，offendmanypeople，andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature，suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobecritical.[Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation].Itgrowsintoahabit，unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong，butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Althoughinfactitischieflyanactofimagination，ithasseriousconsequencesinlife，sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers，nobodylovesthem，andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect，andscarcelythat.Thisfrequencyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune，nobodywishesthemsuccess.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicdisapproval，noonewilldefendorexcusethem，andmanywilljointocriticizetheirmisconduct.Thesepeopleshouldchangethisbadhabitandcondescendtobepleasedwithwhatispleasing，withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot，itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient，especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.[单选题]5.Inthethirdparagraphthewriterstatesthat_______.A.unhappypeoplealwaysputthemselvesatratherunfavorablepositionsB.unhappypeoplecanbesuitabletobeleadersC.unhappypeoplearealwayseasytobecomesuccessfulD.unhappypeopledonotliketobemixedupwithotherpeople参考答案：A参考解析：细节题。最后一段主要叙述不开心的人的情况。本段第一句指出“…ithasseriousconsequencesinlife，sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck”，由此可知不开心的人常常把自己置于一个不利的境地。根据以下材料，回答26-30题Inalmosteverypartoftheworldandineveryagemenhavetriedtolimitthepossibilitiesopentofemalesbyhinderingtheirmovements.Thefoot-bindingofupperclassChinesegirlsandtheNigeriancustomofweighingwomen'slegsdownwithkilosofheavywireareextremeexamples.Butallovertheworldsimilarmethodshavebeenusedtomakesurethatonceyouhavecaughtawomanshecannotrunaway，andevenifshestaysaroundshecannotkeepupwithyou.Whatseemsoddisthatalltheseapparatushavebeenseenasbeautiful，notonlybymenbutbywomenaswell.Tinyfeet，whichseemtousadeformity，werepassionatelyadmiredinChinaforcenturies，andtodaymostpeopleinWesternsocietyseenothinguglyintheseverelysqueezedtoesproducedbymodernfootwear.Thehigh-heeled，narrow-toedshoesthatformostofthesecenturieshavebeenanessentialpartofwomen'scostumeareconsideredattractive，partlybecausetheymakethelegslooklonger.Theyalsomakestandingforanylengthoftimepainful，walkingexhaustingandrunningimpossible.Thewayofwalkingproducedbythemisthoughttobeattractive，perhapsbecauseitguaranteesthatnowomanwearingthemcanoutrunamanwhoischasingher.Worstofall，iftheyarewomcontinuallyfromtheteenageyearson，theydeformthemusclesofthefeetandlegssothatitbecomesevenmorepainfulanddifficulttowalkinfiatshoes.Modernwomen'sshoesarewhatkeepsSamanthafromrunningasfarasSammy，literallyaswellasfiguratively.Asanyonewhohaswornthemwillagree，itishardtoconcentrateonyourjobwhenyourfeetarekillingyou--especiallyifyouarefaintwithhungerbecauseyouhadonlyhalfagrapefruitandcoffeeforbreakfastsoastostayabeautifulfivekilosbelowyournaturalhealthyweight.Forawhileinthesixtiesandseventiesitwasnotnecessarytobehandicappedinthiswayunlessyouchoosetobe.Duringthelastfewyears，however，womenhavebegunwearingtight，high-heeledshoesagain;andthemostfashionablestylesarethosethatgiveleastsupporttothefeetandmakewalkingmoredifficult.[单选题]6.Menhavetriedtolimitthepossibilitiesforwomenby_______.A.makingitdifficultforwomentomoveB.usingheavywireapparatustocatchwomenC.allowingonlywomenfromupperclassestomovearoundfreelyD.insistingthatwomenareinferiortomen参考答案：A参考解析：细节题。根据第一段中的“Inalmosteverypartoftheworldandineveryagemenhavetriedtolimitthepossibilitiesopentofemalesbyhinderingtheirmovements”可知，男性通过使女性行动困难来限制她们。故本题选A。Inalmosteverypartoftheworldandineveryagemenhavetriedtolimitthepossibilitiesopentofemalesbyhinderingtheirmovements.Thefoot-bindingofupperclassChinesegirlsandtheNigeriancustomofweighingwomen'slegsdownwithkilosofheavywireareextremeexamples.Butallovertheworldsimilarmethodshavebeenusedtomakesurethatonceyouhavecaughtawomanshecannotrunaway，andevenifshestaysaroundshecannotkeepupwithyou.Whatseemsoddisthatalltheseapparatushavebeenseenasbeautiful，notonlybymenbutbywomenaswell.Tinyfeet，whichseemtousadeformity，werepassionatelyadmiredinChinaforcenturies，andtodaymostpeopleinWesternsocietyseeno