专四50组近义词辨析

在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很

不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：

语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、

句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引

申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体

主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区

分。

1.路

way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjectto

proceed,thereisaway.

road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortraveling

withhorsesorvehicles.

path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlyby

footpassengersorbyanimals.

route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybe

overmanyroads.

street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,

asacitytownorvillage,whenitpasses

betweenhousesofdwellings.

avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadand

imposing（庄严）orprincipalstreet.

2.时代（期）（时期）

period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,great

orsmall,/anextentoftimeofanylength.（时

代）

time（s）:Itreferstoaperiodinhistory,in

ancienttimes/inVictoriatime（新时代）

epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftime

markedbyeventsordevelopmentofa

particularkind.

Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepoch

inthehistoryofmankind.（纪元）

era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftime

markedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatnew

eraofworldrevolution（时期）

age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefinite

periodinhistory,theBronzeAge,IronAge

3.战斗（打仗）

fight:Itisabodilystruggle（奋斗斗争）

struggle:Aneffortofanykindtoovercome

difficulty.（战斗）

battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces.（战役）

campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitary

operationsinawar.（战争）

war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesor

stateswhenweaponsareusedandmany

peoplearekilled.（对抗）

combat:Afight,conflict,controversy.

4.牧师（教士牧师）#

priest:Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrained

forvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,in

theChristianchurch,heRoman

Catholicchurch（牧师）

minister:Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestant

churches.（牧师）

clergy（pl）:Theofficiallyappointedleaderof

thereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchor

temple.

clergyman:clergymen（pl）amemberofclergy.

（牧师）

pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderincharge

ofachurchanditsmembers,esp.ina

Protestantchurch.（教区牧师）

vicar:Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)in

thechurchofEngland.

father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.in

theRomanCatholic.

5.服装

clothing(collect):(fml)Generaltermof

clothes.

clothes(nosingle):Coveringsofthebody

suchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.

garment(fl):Asuitofclothesusedby

actors./asinglearticleofclothing.

costume:1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoa

people,nation,class,period,etc.

2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay,

uniform:wornbyallmembersofthe

community.

dress:1)Akindofoutergarmentwornby

women(连衣裙).

2)wornonspecialoccasions(礼月艮)

eveningdress/morningdress

suit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.

eveningsuit/swimmingsuit

coat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopof

otherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.

overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet.

6.哭

cry:Themostgeneralone.

（哭泣）weep:Toletflowtears.

（抽泣抽嗒）sob:Toweeporsighwithshort

quickbreaths.

（哭天抹泪涕泪交流）snivel:Tosniffleand

cryinairritatingmanner.

（哭嚎又哭又闹）blubber:Tocryloudly

noisily.

（发出低声报怨声）whine:Tomakealow

complainingcry.

（嚎哭）bawl:Toutterloudcries（alwaysin

badsense）.

（痛哭）wail:Tocryaloudfrompainor

sorrow.

（呻吟）moan:Tomakealow,miserable

soundinpainorsorrow.

（呻吟）grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,

unhappinessordisapproval

（哀悼）mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessor

sorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.

（哀悼）lament:Toexpressgreatsorrowor

regret.

7.美丽漂亮

good-looking:Havinganattractive

appearanceinastrong,healthywayusedfor

menandwomennotthings.

beautiful:（awomanorathing）Suggesting

symmetryoffeaturesorperfectionof

proportion,eleganceandmobility,

beautifulflowers,abeautiful

girl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.

handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliesto

men.ahandsome

fellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.

pretty:（agirl,orasmallthing）Suggesting

livelinessandsweetness,pleasingorniceto

lookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,apretty

girl/picture/pieceofmusic,

lovely:(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakes

youfeelgoodtolookatitoreventothink

aboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.

fair:Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightin

coloresp.,skinhair.

gorgeous:(personsorthings)(inf)Extremely

beautifulorhandsome.

8.拉拖

pull:Themostgeneralone.

draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotion

andgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.

drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionor

motionupanincline(slope)anditsuggests

laboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainst

friction,resistanceorgravity.Theescaped

prisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.

haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingor

draggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.The

fishermanishaulinganet.

tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolent

efforttopull.Hetuggedatmysleevetoask

directions.

jerk:Topullsuddenly.Hejerkedoutthe

knifethatwasstuckinthewound.

tow:Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthe

cartothenearestgarage.

wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingor

turningmovement.

9.旋转turn:Themostgeneralone.

（自转）spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentral

point.Itemphasizesthecontinuityofthe

action,andusuallythenarrowextentofthe

circularmotion.Thewheelisspinningonits

axis.

（急转）whirl:Toroundveryfast.Itimplies

thelockofconsciouscontrol.

（转动）rotate:Toturnroundafixedpoint

withacircularmovement.Theearthrotates

onceevery24hours.

（绕转）revolve:Toturnormoveinacircle

aroundacentralpoint.Itindicatescircularor

elliptical（椭圆）movement.Theplanets

revolvearoundthesun.

10.生气气愤

anger:Themostgeneralone.

（易怒）becross:Feelingeasytogetangry.

（愤慨）indignation:（fml）Anger.Itstresses

righteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,

meanorshameful.

Weexpressed

ourindignationattheruthlessexploitation.

（愤怒）wrath:Verytreatanger,（literary）It

suggestsadesireonintenttorevengeor

punish.

（狂怒）rage:Wild,violentanger.Itsuggests

lossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion,

inarage/tofallintoarage.

（暴怒）fury:Violent,extremeanddestructive

anger.Sheflewintoafury.

n.错误

（误会）mistake:Awrongthought,act.It

impliescarelessness.Anyonecanmakea

mistake.

（过错弱点）fault:Abadpoint,butnotofa

seriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorand

character.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacks

ambition.

findfaultwithsb/atfault

shortcoming:weakness,failing;Itrefersto

failuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellas

people.

InspiteofallhershortcomingsI

stillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersinthe

school.

（疏忽）error:Amistake（formalsometimes

literary）Itimpliesdeviation

fromastandardormodel

Theaccidentwascausedby

humanerror.

（缺点毛病）defect:sthlackingorimperfect.

Itreferstoquality.

Theradiowasreturned

becauseofadefect.

（失误过失）blunder:Averystupidor

unnecessarymistake.Itimpliesignorance.

Thisisthefatalblunder

ofhislife.

12.图画

picture:Themostgeneralone.

（彩图）painting:pictureswithcolor.

（绘画图画）drawing:Apicturemadewitha

pen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsand

graphsarealldrawings.

（草图）sketch:Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.

（图解图表）diagram:Adrawing,figurethat

showsthearrangementofsomething.

（曲线图）graph:Adiagraminwhichastraight

line,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwo

setsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.

（插图）illustration:Apicturetogowith

wordsofabook.

（图样草图）draft:Thefirstroughwritten

formofanything.

（平面图）plan:Alinedrawingofabuildingas

itmightbeenseenfromabove.

（主视图）elevation:Aflatuprightsideofa

building.

（海图）chart:Amapesp.adetailedmapofa

seaarea.

13.特别

（专门的,与众不同的）special:Differentin

somewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,or

usual.Itstresseshavingaquality,character,

identity,oruseofitsown.Thetubecontains

specialgases.

（特别的）especial:（fml）Toanusuallygreat

degree,exceptional;Itemphasizesthe

importanceofthethingsorthe

persons

mentioned;Thisisamatterofespecial

importance.

（个另11的）particular:Relatingorbelongingto

onlyonethingorperson.Itstressesthe

distinctnessofsomethingasan

individualwhich

isworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,therule

doesnthold.（适用）

（特种的）specifk:Detailedandexact,clearin

meaningandexplanation,fixed,

determined.（usedinscientific

articles）It

impliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishinga

kindoraspecies.

Hegavemea

veryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecific

toolforeachjob.

（独特的）peculiar:Strangeorperhaps

unpleasant.Itimpliesstrangeness.Hehasa

peculiarwayofspeaking.

14.取消消灭

（取消解除）cancel:Togiveup,todeclare

somethingistobeeffective.Hehascancelled

hisleaveofabsence.（消假）

（废除废止）abolish:Todoawaywith.It

referstopractices,socialinstitutions.Bad

customsshouldbeabolished.

（消灭排除）eliminate:Togetridof.We

shouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.

（撤消废除）repeal:Tobringtoanendofthe

effectofalaworanorder.Somelawsshould

berepealed.

（根除消灭）exterminate:Todestroy

completelyandwholly.Colonialismmustbe

exterminated.

15.破碎

break:Themostgeneralone.

（压碎压破）crush:Topresstogether

violentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapeby

squeezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreat

externalpressure.Thetreefellontopofthe

carandcrushedit.

（打碎）smash:Tobreakthoroughlytopieces

withacrushingsound.Shedroppedtheplate

andsmashedit.

（打裂）crack:Tobreakwithoutseparationof

parts.Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossa

surface.Hecrackedthewindowbyleaning

againstit.

（破裂）burst:Tobreakopenbypressurefrom

within.Thefireworksburstwhiletheywerein

theair.

（砸碎破碎）shatter:Tobreakintopieces.It

suggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface.The

glasswasshatteredtopieces.

（撞坏）crash:Torefertothevehiclewhich

hitssomethingandisbadlydamaged.

16.环境形势

（环境形势）conditions:Thelocationand

otherfactorslikelytoaffectit.Itsuggests

somethingthathasstayedthesameforsome

timeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,

work,andhouses.Wearenowstudyingthe

economicconditionsinthedeveloping

countries.

（形势）situation:Apositionorstateata

particulartime,setofconditions,facts,and

eventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,

etc.Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchas

governmentplanningandfinance.The

politicalsituationinthesecountriesarealways

changing.

(环境周围外界)environment:The

circumstances,thingsandconditionsthat

influenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,

physicalaspectandmaterialaspect.Wemust

trytobeautifyourenvironment.

(形势情况)circumstance(s):Asituationor

eventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,

theconditionsthataffectwhathappens,in

(under)thecircumstances

(环境周围事物)surrounding(s):Thearea

andenvironmentaroundaplaceorperson.It

indicatesaverynarrowcondition,"physically'1

sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect.Theylived

inhostilesurroundings.

17.著名的

well-known:(infl)

famous:Themostgeneralone.widelyknown

orhonored.

（杰出的知名的）distinguished:Great,

outstandingmarkedbyexcellentqualityor

deservedfame,usedespeciallyofpeoplewho

arefamousforseriousworkinscience,thearts

etc.Hewasadistinguishedwriter.

（驰名的）celebrated:Famous,（substitutefor

renowned）Itrefersobjectivelytosbor

somethingthathasbeengiveacclaimor

honouredwithawardsorprizes.Shewasa

celebratedactress.

renowned:Highlyhonoredandfamousfor

somethinggood,oftenreferstoplacesor

things,alsoItsuggestssomethingthathas

becomelegendaryorisnolongeravailablefor

anobjectiveevaluation.Edisonwasrenowned

forhisinventions.

noted:Well-knownandadmiredItoften

describesamoreintellectualkindofeffortand

accomplishmentindicatinganauthorityor

expertortheirtheories.Maybeitisnotwidely

knowntothegeneralpublic.Hewasavery

notedexpert.

（臭名昭著）notorious:Famousforsomething

bad.Heisnotoriousforhiscrimes.

18.强盗

thief:Themostgeneralone.

（强盗）robber:Itsuggestsadirect

confrontationinwhichtheownerisforcedto

giveuphisvaluables.

（行凶强劫）mugger:Apersonwhoattacks

androbspeopleinastreetorinalift.

burglar:Apersonwhobreaksintoahouseat

nighttostealsomething.

（歹徒暴徒）gangster:Amemberofagroup

ofcriminals,esp.thosewhoarearmedanduse

gunstothreaten.

（匪徒）bandit:anarmedrobber.Itsuggestsan

organizedgroupinaruralsetting.

（土匪）brigand:Arobberwholivesby

robbingtravelersinthecountry.

（海盗）pirate:Apersonwhorobsonthesea.

19.摇动，颤动

shake:Themostgeneralone.tomoveupand

downorbackandforth.Itreferstopersonsor

things.

（发抖）quiver:Totremblealittle.Itsuggestsa

rapidbutinvisiblevibration.Hislipsquivered

withemotion.

（颤抖）tremble:Toshakeuncontrollablyand

slightlyasfromfear,cold,excitementetc.It

impliesuneasinessandnervousness.Hervoice

trembledasshebegantosing.

（瞬间发抖）shiver:Totremblefromfearor

cold.Itsuggestsaslightandrapidmovement.

Hestoodshiveringinthesnow.

（极度颤动）quake:toshakeortremble

violently.Itsuggestsamoreviolentand

suddenchange.Hequakedwithexcitement.

Anexplosioncammakethegroundquake.

（抽筋般颤动）shudder:Toshake

uncontrollablyforamovement.Itsuggestsa

moreintenseshaking.Sheshudderedatthe

sightofasnake.

20.说话谈话

（说话）speak:Touseyourvoicetosaywords.

（说）say:Tospeakwords.

（发出声音）utter:Tomakesoundandsay

words.

drawl:Tospeakinaslow,prolongedmanner,

mutter:Toexpressdispleasurewith

compressedlips.

rave:Totalkinanangry,uncontrolledway.

gabble:Totalkrapidly,makinginarticulate

sounds.

（谈论）remark:Tomentionitorcommenton

it.

（陈述）state:Tosay,expressorputintowords,

esp.formally.Hestatedhisview.

（讲述）narrate:Totellformallyinwritingor

speechordescribesomethinginorderwith

intonation.Henarratedhisadventureinthe

forest.

（详述）relate:Totellformallyindetails,to

giveanaccountof.Herelatedhisexperiences.

（讲演）address:Tosayinspeechorwritingto

apersonorgroup.

tell:Toletpeopleknowaboutsomething.

talk:Tosaythingstosomeone.

converse:Totalkformally.Thescholarsare

conversingwitheachotheronlinguistics.

chat:Totalkinafriendly,familiar,informal

manner.Thetwofriendssatinacomerand

chatted.

chatter:Totalkcontinuouslyrapidlyabout

smallthings.Theschoolgirlswentalong

chattering.

whisper:Totalkinalowvoice.She

whisperedmenottotalksoloudly.

murmur:Tomakeasoftsound,esp.tospeak

orsayinaquietvoice.Heoftenmurmursto

himself.

（闲谈）gossip:Totalkaboutthedetailsof

otherpeople'sactionsandprivateliveswhich

maynotcorrectorproper.That

womanisveryfondofgossipingaboutothers,

stammer:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeated

soundsbecauseofexcitement,embarrassment,

stutter:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeated

soundsbecauseofinherentspeechdefect.

21.事情，事件

（事）thing:Anevent,afact,asubject.He

talkedofmanyinterestingthings.

（事情）matter:Seththatyouhavetodealwith,

somethingtobediscussed,thoughtover.There

areseveralmatterstobedealtwithatthe

meeting.

（事务责任）business:Aspecialduty,

somethingthathastobedone.Publicbusiness

iseveryone'sbusiness.

（事务）affair:Aneventorsetofconnected

events,（pl）privateandpersonallife.Ihave

manyaffairstolookafter.

（事件）event:Animportanthappening.Events

suchasbirthdaysandanniversariesareoften

celebrated.Doyouknowthechiefeventsof

1986.

incident:Notasimportantasanevent.

Incidentsseldomarecelebrated.Sometimesan

eventbecomesanincidentaftermanyyears

havepassed.

（偶然事件）happening:Anoccurrence,and

sometimesanunusualone.Therehavebeen

strangehappeningsherelately.

（偶发事件）occurrence:Anincidentthatis

usuallyunexpectedandhasnotbeenplanned

aheadoftime.Floodispracticallyanannual

occurrenceinthisdistrict.

22.承认

admit:Toagreetothetruthof,usu,something

bad.Itsuggestsreluctanceorpossible

objection.Headmittedhiscrime/stealing.

（自白供认）confess:Toadmitguiltastoa

crimeorastoashortcoming,inthesenseof

makingknowntoothersone'sownerroror

wrongdoing.Heconfessedhisfault/doing

somethingwrong.

acknowledge:toagreethetruthof,recognize

thefactorexistenceofwhathavesaidordone,

goodorbad.Itemphasizesopenlyina

embarrassingorawkwardandusuallynot

voluntaryway.Iacknowledgedmy

signature/mistakes/errors/havingbeen

defeated.

grant:Toadmitortoagreesomethingistrue.

Igrantedhisrequest/hishonesty,takesth/sb

forgranted.

concede:Toadmitastrue,justorproperoften

unwillinglybecauseofoverwhelming

evidence.Iconcededyouthatpoint,butIstill

thinkyouarewrong.

recognize:Toacceptoracknowledgeit.It

referstosomethingaboutlawanddiplomacy.

ThenewregimewasrecognizedbyChina.

23.走路

walk:Themostgeneralone.

stride:Towalkwithlongsteps.Hestrode

throughthestationafewminutesbeforethe

trainleft.

（高视阔步）stalk:Towalkstiffly,slowly,and

proudlywithlongsteps.

trot:Tojog,movequickly,usurefersto

horses.

（蹒跚而行）waddle:Towalkfromsidetoside

withshortstepslikeaduck.Thefatman

waddledoutoftheroom.

（蹒跚stagger:Towalkunsteadily,slideand

dragthefeetalmostfallingateachstep,

usuallybecauseofillness,injuryordrink.

Afterdrinkingtoomuch,hestaggeredinthe

street.

（摇摆蹒跚）totter:Towalkunsteadily

showinggreatweaknessoftenusedofvery

youngchildrenlearningtowalk.Thechild

totteredbeforehisparents.

（拖着脚走）shuffle:Tomovewithoutlifting

thefeetclearofthefloorasifwearingslippers.

Theoldmanshuffledalongtheroad.

（趾高气扬地走）strut:Towalkinaproud

strongway,esp.withthechestoutandtrying

tolookimportant.

（慢行）amble:Towalkataneasygentlerate.

Itstressesaleisurelybutregularmovement.

（闲逛）stroll:Towalk,esp.slowly,for

pleasure.Itemphasizesaslowermovement,

morewanderingandaimlesswithsuggestions

ofmanystartsandpauses.Theyarestrolling

throughthispark.

saunter:Alittlemoreformalthanstroll.

（漫步徘徊）wander:Tomoveaboutwithout

afixedcourse,aim,orpurpose.Hewas

wanderingabout/down/through/upanddown

thestreet.

（漫游）roam:Towanderwithasveryclear

aim.Itsuggestsamoreseriouspurposebehind

theirregularofcircularmovementincomplete

forgetfulnessoftime.Theloversroamed

around/throughthefields.

（跋涉）trudge:Towalkheavilyandwearily

witheffortaswhenone（plod）istired.The

hunterwastrudgingthroughthedeepsnow.

（重步行走）tramp:Towalkwithfirmheavy

steps.Whohasbeentrampingalloverthe

carpetinmuddyshoes.

（扭扭捏捏地走）mince:Towalkwithlittle

shortstepsinanaffectedmanner.Itwasa

funnysighttoseehermincealong.

slouch:Towalkinaloose,ungainly（不雅观）

way.

hustle:Towalkinabusy,activeway.

24.跳

jump:Themostgeneralone.tothrowoneself

intotheair.

（跳起）leap:（literary）Tospringthroughthe

air,oftenlandinginadifferentplace.Theboy

leapedoverthebrookwithoutdifficulty.

（跳跃）spring:Toleapsuddenlyandquickly.

Hesprangtohisfeetatthesuddennoise.

（跳着跑）bound:Tospringlightlyalong.It

suggestshighspiritsandexcitement.Hisdog

boundedtomeetme.

（轻快地跑）skip:Tomoveinaslightdancing

way,aswithquickstepsandjumps.Thelittle

girlskippedathermother'sside.

hop:Tojumpononeleg.Theboyhadhurthis

legandhadtohopalong.

vault:Toleapoversomethingusingthehands

orapole.Youcanvaultafencebyputting

yourhandsonitandswingingyourselfover.

hurdle:Tojumpoversomethingwhile

running.Thehorsehurdledthefenceandran

intothewoods.

25.特点特征

quality:Themostgeneralone.

（特点）characteristic:Qualitytypicalofa

particularpersonandthing,aspecialand

easilyrecognizedqualityofsb/sth.Ithasmany

scientificortechnicaluses.Itimpliesneutral

descriptioninreferringtoanyaspectof

somethingwithoutevaluatingitsrelative

importancetothewhole.Auseful

characteristicofthecatisitsabilitytocatch

andkillmice.

（特征）character:Thecombinationof

qualitieswhichmakeaparticularperson,thing,

place,etc.Atendencynottoshowemotionsis

supposedtobepartoftheBritishnational

character.

（性质）nature:Thequalitiesmakesomeoneor

somethingdifferentfromothers.Itindicates

thewidestrangeoftraits,includingemotional,

mentalandphysicalqualities.Itisonlyhuman

naturetolikemoney.

（特征）attribute:Aqualitybelongingtoor

formingpartofthematureofapersonorthing.

Thewordispositiveratherthannegative.

Darknessisanattributeofnight.

（特性）peculiarity:Thequalityofbeing

peculiar,strangeness,unusualness.Itshowsan

unpleasantattributethatisquitenoticeable.

Oneofhispeculiaritiesisthathistwoeyesare

notthesamesize.

（特色）feature:Atypicalandnoticeablepart

orquality.Itsuggestssomethingpositiveand

specifically.Itreferstophysicalappearance.A

lakeisanimportantfeatureinthisarea.

（品质特性）trait:Aparticularqualityof

sb/sth.Itreferstomoreabstractattributes.

Honestyanddiligencearethechieftraitsof

hischaracter.

（个性）personality:Thewholenatureor

characterofaparticularperson.Itreferstothe

wholeindefinableemotionalcolorationthata

specificpersongivesoff.Hehasastrong

personality.

26.增力口

increase:Tomakeorbecomelargerinamount

ornumber,itreferstoquantityorintensityas

wellassize.Thepopulationofthiscountyhas

increased.

add:Toputtogetherwithsomethingelsesoas

toincreasethenumbersize,importance.He

addedsomewoodtoincreasethefire.

（扩大）enlarge:Togrownlargerorwider.I

wanttoenlargethisphotograph/house.

（放大）magnify:Tomakesomethingappear

largerthaninreality,esp.bymeansofalens.

Youhavemagnifiedtheperil.

（扩充）amplify:Tomakelargeorfuller,esp.

givefullerinformation,moredetailsetc.to

amplifyaradiosignal/sound.

augment:（fml）Tobecomelargerorgreater.It

emphasizestheactionofaddition.He

augmentedhisincomebywritingsomeshort

stories.

（扩展扩张）expand:Toincreaseinrange

scopeorvolumeaswellasinsize.Iron

expandswhenitisheated.

（力口长）extend:Tomakelongerinspaceor

time,toextendarailway.Cantyouextend

yourvisitforafewdays.

27.笑

（微笑）smile:Thecornersofyourmouth

moveoutwardsandslightlyupwards.He

smileshisconsent./withsatisfaction.

（大笑）laugh:Tomakeanoisetoshowone's

amusementandhappiness.Youcanlaughata

jokeoratanamusingsight.Youcanlaughat

someonewithoutbeingamused.Theyall

laughedloudly.

（露齿而笑）grin:Tosmilewiththeteeth.The

boygrinnedfromeartoearwhenIgavehima

sweet.

（暗笑含笑）chuckle:Tolaughquietly.I

couldhearhimchucklingtohimselfasheread

thatfunnyarticle.

（咯咯笑）giggle:Tolaughrepeatedlyfoolishly

anduncontrollably,esp.bygirls.Iheardthem

gigglewhenIpassedbythegirls.

（窃笑暗笑）snicker:Tolaughina

disrespectfulmoreorlesssecretway.On

hearinghisabsurdopinion,Iwentsnickering.

（假笑痴笑）simper:Tosmileinasilly

unnaturalway.WhenItoldhimthething,he

simplysimpered.

（得意的笑）smirk:Tosmileinafalseortoo

satisfiedway.Hesmirkedateveryonethat

passed.

（窃笑）titter:Tolaughveryquietlyfrom

nervousnessorbadlycontrolledamusement.

Thegirlstitteredwhentheyheardthis.

（狂笑）guffaw:Tolaughloudlyandrudely.

Allthepeopleguffawedathissillywords.

（哄笑）roar:Tolaughlongandloudly.They

roaredaftertheyheardthejoke.

（欢笑）chortle:Togivealaughofpleasureor

satisfaction.HechortledwithdelightwhenI

toldhimthenews.

（笑骂）taunt:Totrytomakesbangry,or

upsetbymakingunkindremarks,laughingat

faultsorfailures.Theytauntedherwithher

inabilitytoswim.

（嘲笑嘲弄）ridicule:Tolaughunkindlyator

tomakeunkindfunof.Theyallridiculedthe

idea.

（讥笑）deride:Tolaughatormakefunofas

ofnovalue,/tomockatsomeonewith

contemptTheyallderidedhisfoolishness.

（嘲弄）mock:Tolaughatsb（sth）whenitis

wrongtodoso,esp.bycopyinginafunnyor

contemptuousway.Thestudentsmockedthe

seriousnessofhisexpression.

twit:（infl）Tomakefunofsbbecauseof

behavior,amistake,afault,etc.Hetwittedher

withhertimidity.

（嘲笑轻蔑地笑）scoff:Tolaughat,tospeak

oractdisrespectfully./Tospeakinscornful

mockingway.Itwasagreatinventionbutat

firstmanypeoplescoffedatit.

（戏弄）chaff:（infl）Tomakefunofsbina

good-humoredway.Hechaffedthemanabout

hismistakesinspeakingEnglish.

（讥笑）jeer:Tolaughrudelyat/toinsultsbin

aloud,unpleasantway.Theyalwaysjeeratthe

priests.

gibe（jibe）:Tolaughatwiththeintentionof

hurtingthefeelingwithsarcasticremarks.

Don'tgibeatherbehavioruntilyouknowthe

reasonforit.

（讥笑冷笑）sneer:Toexpressprouddislike

byakindofusu,one-sidesmileortoshow

scornorcontemptbylooks.Shesneeredatthe

furnitureinhisneighbor'shome.

joke:Tomakefunof.Youmustn'tjokewith

himaboutreligion.

（取笑）jest:Toactorspeakplayful,not

seriously.Don!tjestaboutseriousthings.

(戏弄)banter:Tospeak,oractplayfullyor

jokingly.Webanteredhimonthesubjectof

marriage.

(轻视)scorn:Tolookdownupon.

28.疯

mad:Showingthatonehasamanitaillness

whichoftencausesthemtobehaveinstrange

way.

crazy:(infl)Verystrangeorfoolish.

psychotic:Themostpreciseone.usedby

psychiatrists.

insane:Notsoundinmind.Usedinscientific

articles.

lunatic:(oldderog)wildlyfoolish.

demented:Itindicatessb'smentalityhas

degeneratedfromapreciouslevel.

maniac:(n)Amadpersonwhoisviolentand

dangerous.

29.味道

smell:Themostgeneralone.Itrefersto

somethingpleasantorunpleasant.

odo(u)r:(fml)Moreusedinscientificarticles,

fragrance:Asweetorpleasantsmell.Itrefers

toflowersandstressesadelicatesmellfrom

plants.Thoseroseshaveadelightfulfragrance,

scent:Asmellesp.leftbyananimals,an

pleasantsmell.Ourdoglostthefox*sscent.

perfume:Asweetorpleasantsmell.Itrefers

toeithernaturalsmelloraman-madesmell

andstressesastrongandrichsmellcompared

withfragrance

aroma:Astrongusupleasantsmell,oftena

spicysmell.

flavor:Theparticularqualityoftastinggood

orpleasantlystrong.Thebrea