英语阅读理解

1>Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof

firstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,

makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheir

day-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto

manageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,

novelty,andsurprise；andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrely

heavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.

Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcusefbrcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthat

managers*intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinct

ways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitionto

performwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butis

basedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunction

ofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan

Aha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerational

analysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,

andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsfbrreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryof

solutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseof

action.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlyto

engenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitive

processinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingis

inseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeand

explainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactionin

thinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesand

organizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingand

analyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,senior

managersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusethe

resultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationof

thinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementing

thesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto

[A]speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

[B]identifyaproblem.

[C]bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

[D]stipulatecleargoals.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,

paragraph2?

[A]Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfbrnotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecision

analysis.

[B]Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

[C]Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhat

managersdo.

[D]Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajor

differenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,

whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

[A]ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts；ManagerYdoesnot.

[B]ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis；ManagerYdoes

not.

[C]ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem；ManagerYdoesnot.

[D]ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem；

ManagerXdoesnot.

4.Thetextprovidessupportfbrwhichofthefollowingstatements?

[A]Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecision

analysis.

[B]Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

[C]Managers1'intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

[D]Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

[A]Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

[B]Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

[C]Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

[D]Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

1.「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一•道归纳推导题。本题题干中的seniormanagers暗示本题的答案信息在

第三段，因为第三段首句包含题干中的seniormanagers.通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈

到的五点，我们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D.本题选项A、B、C所涉及的内容分别在本

段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时一定要学会认真归纳和总结原文所表达的

每一层含义。

2.「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二

句是本题答案信息的最主要来源，通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是D.

考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之间的关系。

3.「答案」C

「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中的whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions

暗示本题的答案信息在第四段,因为第四段首句含有和题干中whousesintuitiontoreach

decisions大致相同的theintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagement,,通过仔细阅读和

理解第四段的每一句话，我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在强调act（行动），可见本题的正

确选项应该是强调行动的选项C.本题的答案信息来源是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时

一定要首先准确地审题定位,然后要善于归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

4.「答案」D

「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的准确位

置。在这种情况下，考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中心主

旨，并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能够抓住第一段

的尾句,并结合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时，

尤其是在迷失解题思路时,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句，同时还要抓一些明确表示启承

转合关系的句子结构。

5.「答案」B

「考点解析」本题是一道段落结构题。第一句话中的donot和第二句句首的ralher是破解

本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要

注意表示否定的词语以及表示启承转合的词语,更要注意句子之间的相互关系。

2、RogerRosenblattsbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopolitical

criteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.As

Rosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlack

history.AddisonGayleusrecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackfictionbyovertly

politicalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.

Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothose

circumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyas

instrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.RosenblattMsliterary

analysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackfictionwhichsolelypolitical

studieshaveoverlookedorignored.

WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackfiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactory

answerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthanthefacial

identityoftheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthors?Second,howdoesBlackfiction

makeitselfdistinctfromothermodemfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneous?

RosenblattshowsthatBlackfictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,

coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlackoverthelasteightyyears,he

discoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresare

thematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthese

novelsexistinapredominantlywhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebel

againstit.

BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt"sthematicanalysis

permitsconsiderableobjectivity;heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethe

meritofthevariousworks-yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattemptto

appraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobe

structurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferent

kindofaesthetic?Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanToomernsCane,vergeson

expressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethat

portraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymore

naturalisticmodesofexpression?

Inspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastute

andworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionin

theprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnsonusAutobiography

ofanEx-ColoredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifies

levelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.

l.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith.

[A]evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism.

[B]comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject.

[C]discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism.

[D]summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism.

2.TheauthorofthetextbelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimprovedhadRosenblatt

[A]evaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackfiction.

[B]attemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackauthors.

[C]exploredingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackfictionthroughoutits

history.

[D]assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically.

3.Theauthor'sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas.

[A]pedanticandcontentious.

[B]criticalbutadmiring.

[C]ironicanddeprecating.

[D]argumentativebutunfocused.

4,TheauthorofthetextemploysallofthefollowinginthediscussionofRosenblatt'sbook

EXCEPT：.

[A]rhetoricalquestions.

[B]specificexamples.

[C]comparisonandcontrast.

[D]definitionofterms.

5.TheauthorofthetextreferstoJamesWeldonJohnsonusAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan

mostprobablyinorderto.

[A]pointoutaffinitiesbetweenRosenblatf'smethodofthematicanalysisandearliercriticism.

[B]clarifythepointaboutexpressionisticstylemadeearlierinthepassage.

[C]qualifytheassessmentofRosenblatf'sbookmadeinthefirstparagraphofthepassage.

[D]giveaspecificexampleofoneoftheaccomplishmentsofRosenblatf'swork.

1、「答案」A

「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。通过阅读本文各段尤其是首段第一句和尾段第一句，我

们可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是突出“evaluating"（评价）词的选项A.考生在解

题时一定要注意段落的中心主旨句，以及每句话所表达的内含和作用。

2、「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道审题定位与反推题。从本题题干中的“wouldhavebeenimproved"

可推断出考生要在原文中寻找到谈论某一方面“不足”的地方。尾段首句的“such

omissions"（这样的忽略）暗示本题的答案信息来源应该在倒数第二段。通过仔细阅读和

理解倒数第二段，可将本题的答案信息来源确定在倒数第二段的第二句。根据倒数第二段第

二句的内容进行反推，就可得出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要具备利用上下段

之间的关系迅速审题定位的能力，更要具备反推即逆向思维的能力。

3、「答案」B

「考点解析」这是•道归纳推导题。从本题的题干可以看出本题的答案信息来源不局限于某

一段或某一句，而是涉及全文的从头至尾.但是只要抓住全文的中心主旨句就可以得出本题

的正确答案B.本文的中心主旨句是第一段的首句和尾段的首句。考生在解题时一定要抓住

中心主旨句，并且对它们所表达的内容要进行分析和归纳。

4、「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道写作手法题型•本题型旨在考察考生的语言基本功。这是一道较难的

题目。本题A、B、C所涉及的内容可分别在第三段的第二、三句、第四段的第三句以及第一

段的第三句里找到。第一段的第三句涉及B和C两个选项。选项D"definitionofterms"

（给词语下定义）在原文中没有涉及，故本选项是正确答案。考生在解题时•定要注意英文

中常见的写作手段。

5、「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道例（举）证题。通过题干中的"WeldonJohnson，'sAutobiographyof

anEx-ColoredMan"可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在尾段的第二句，本句中的“like”

（例如）一词暗示本题的正确选项应该是含有“specificexample”的选项D.考生在解题

时一定要注意原文中某些关键词的应用和理解。

3、Proponentsofdifferentjazzstyleshavealwaysarguedthattheirpredecessor'smusicalstyledid

notincludeessentialcharacteristicsthatdefinejazzasjazz.Thus,1940nsswingwasbelittledby

beboppersofthe1950nswhowerethemselvesattackedbyfreejazzesofthe1960ns.The

neoboppersofthe1980nsand1990Hsattackedalmosteverybodyelse.ThetitanicfigureofBlack

saxophonistJohnColtranehascomplicatedtheargumentsmadebyproponentsofstylesfrom

bebopthroughneobopbecauseinhisownmusicaljourneyhedrewfromallthosestyles.His

influenceonalltypesofjazzwasimmeasurable.Attheheightofhispopularity,Coltranelargely

abandonedplayingbebop,thestylethathadbroughthimfame,toexploretheouterreachesof

jazz.

Coltranehimselfprobablybelievedthattheonlyessentialcharacteristicofjazzwas

improvisation,theoneconstantinhisjourneyfrombeboptoopen-endedimprovisationsonmodal,

Indian,andAfricanmelodies.Ontheotherhand,thisdoggedstudentandprodigioustechnician一

whoinsistedonspendinghourseachdaypracticingscalesfromtheorybooks-wasneverableto

jettisoncompletelytheinfluenceofbebop,withitsfastandelaboratechainsofnotesand

ornamentsonmelody.

TwostylisticcharacteristicsshapedthewayColtraneplayedthetenorsaxophone:hefavored

playingfastrunsofnotesbuiltonamelodyanddependedonheavy,regularlyaccentedbeats.The

firstledColtranetosheetsofsound,,whereheracedfasterandfaster,pile-drivingnotesintoeach

othertosuggeststackedharmonies.Thesecondmeantthathissenseofrhythmwasalmostas

closetorockastobebop.

ThreerecordingsillustrateColtraneusenergizingexplorations.RecordingKindofBluewith

MilesDavis,Coltranefoundhimselfoutsidebop,exploringmodalmelodies.Hereheplayed

surging,lengthysolosbuiltlargelyaroundrepeatedmotifs—anorganizingprincipleunlikethat

offreejazzsaxophoneplayerOrnetteColeman,whomodulatedoralteredmelodiesinhissolos.

OnGiantSteps,Coltranedebutedasleader,introducinghisowncompositions.Herethesheetsof

sound,downbeataccents,repetitions,andgreatspeedarepartofeachsolo,andthevarietyofthe

shapesofhisphrasesisunique.ColtraneMssearchingexplorationsproducedsolidachievement.

MyFavoriteThingswasanotherkindofwatershed.HereColtraneplayedthesopranosaxophone,

aninstrumentseldomusedbyjazzmusicians.Musically,theresultswereastounding.Withthe

sopranonspipingsound,ideasthathadsoundeddarkandbroodingacquiredafeelingofgiddy

fantasy.

WhenColtranebeganrecordingfortheImpulse!Label,hewasstillsearching.Hismusic

becameraucous,physical.Hisinfluenceonrockerswasenormous,includingJimiHendrix,the

rockguitarist,who,followingColtrane,raisedtheextendedguitarsolousingrepeatedmotifstoa

kindofrockartform.

1、Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto

[A]discusstheplaceofColtraneintheworldofjazzanddescribehismusicalexplorations.

[B]examinethenatureofbebopandcontrastitwithimprovisationaljazz.

[C]analyzethemusicalsourcesofColtrane*'sstyleandtheirinfluenceonhiswork.

[D]acknowledgetheinfluenceofColtranensmusiconrockmusicandrockmusicians.

2>Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefourthparagraph?

[A]Athesisreferredtoearlierinthetextismentionedandillustratedwiththreespecificexamples.

[B]Athesisisstatedandthreeexamplesaregiveneachsuggestingthatacorrectionneedstobe

madetoathesisreferredtoearlierinthetext.

[C]Athesisreferredtoearlierinthetextismentioned,andthreeexamplesarepresentedand

rankedinorderoftheirsupportofthethesis.

[D]Athesisisstated,threeseeminglyopposingexamplesarepresented,andtheirunderlying

correspondenceisexplained.

3、Accordingtothetext,JohnColtranedidallofthefollowingduringhiscareerEXCEPT

[A]improviseonmelodiesfromanumberofdifferentcultures.

[B]performasleaderaswellassoloist.

[C]spendtimeimprovinghistechnicalskills.

[D]eliminatetheinfluenceofbeboponhisownmusic.

4^AccordingtothetextamajordifferencebetweenColtraneandotherjazzmusicianswasthe

[A]degreetowhichColtraneHsmusicencompassedallofjazz.

[B]repetitionofmotifsthatColtraneusedinhissolos.

[C]numberofhisowncompositionsthatColtranerecorded.

[D]indifferenceColtranemaintainedtomusicaltechnique.

5^Intermsofitstoneandform,thetextcanbestbecharacterizedas

[A]dogmaticexplanation.

[B]indignantdenial.

[C]enthusiasticpraise.

[D]speculativestudy.

1、「答案」A

「考点解析」本题是一道中心主旨题。第一段的倒数第一、二句是全文的中心主旨句，全文

就是根据这两句话展开论述的。抓住这两句话就可以找出本题的正确选项A.考生在解题时,

尤其是破解中心主旨题时，一定要先找出全文的中心主旨句.

2、I■答案」C

「考点解析」这是一道例（举）证与细节理解题。第四段第一句明确指出“三张唱片为科

尔特兰尼富有活力的探索提供了证明”。这说明第四段将讲述三个例子用来说明在前一段即

第三段所提出的论点。另外这三个例子是按着先后顺序给出的，因此本题的正确选项是C.

考生在解题时要注意段落之间的相互关系，更要注意句子之间的相互关系。

3、「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道细节理解题型。本题属于比较难的题型，因为本题的涉及面比较广。

本题A、B、C选项的内容分别在第二段第一句、第四段第三四句和第二段第二句提到过。故

本题的正确选项应该是D.其实这道题表面上非常难，但是对于善于捕捉全文中心主旨句的

同学来讲确比较容易，因为从第一段第四句的原因状语从句中就可以推导出本题的正确答案

D.考生在解题时应时时牢记全文的中心主旨句。

4、「答案」A

考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题型。根据本题题干中的"otherjazzmusicians"可将本

题的答案信息来源定位在第一段的第一至四句，因为在这四句话中提到了其它的爵士音乐

家。第♦段第四句的状语从句明确指出了“Coltrane”与其它音乐家的不同在于他吸收了各

种风格的爵士音乐。故本题的正确答案应该是A.考生在解题时应重视审题定位。

5、「答案」C

「考点解析」本题是一道归纳推导题型。细心的同学可从本文作者在论述时使用的词语中推

导出本题的正确答案C.例如作者在第一段第四句的主语上使用了"titanicfigure"：在

第五句使用了“hisinfluence-wasimmeasurable”；在最后一段的第三句使用了“his

influence…wasenormousw,这都反映了作者的aenthusiasticpraise”。考生在解题

时要重视原文作者在表达观点时的遣词造句。

4、Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformand

function,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedby

technologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.

Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedto

unambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.In

thedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixed

theoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androckets

existnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthe

mindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist*^mindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthat

exists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysof

nonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.

Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbevalvesbeplaced?

Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresupplied

byexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasense

ofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientific

calculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbal

thinking,acentralmechanisininengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeofthe

artist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking,

nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitive

processesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.Butitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaff

oftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesand

isometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonly

collegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudents

attendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethe

backgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencounter

sillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsof

high-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstorm

becauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplague

automaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthat

resultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

l.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

[A]identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.

[B]stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.

[C]proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.

[D]contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare

[A]strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.

[B]weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelop

mathematicalskills.

[C]strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.

[D]strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentof

automaticcontrolsystems.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsof

thetext?

[A]Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequipped

torepairit.

[B]Eachcomponentofanautomobile-forexample,theengineorthefueltank-hasashape

thathasbeenscientificallydetenninedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponentsfunction.

[C]Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.

[D]Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner'sconceptualizationaswell

asthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?

[A]Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbe

derivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

[B]Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.

[C]Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportant

roleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.

[D]Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnicianusdegreereflectsademandfbr

graduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord

paradoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause

[A]thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

[B]architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

[C]collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.

[D]engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthe

developmentoftheirowndiscipline.

1.「答案」B

「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。本题的正确答案信息点在原文第•段的倒数第二句，该

句强调*'nonverbalthinking"的重要性。可见本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在破解中心

主旨题时一定要首先找出原文的中心主旨句。

2.「答案」A

「考点解析」这是一道反推题。根据题干中的wengineeringcurricula”可将本题的正确

答案信息来源确定在原文的第三段第一句。该句中“should”■■词的理解十分重要。

“should”是“应该做”而实际上确“没有做”。根据“should”一词并且结合第三段第一

句进行反推即逆向思维，可得出本题的正确选项是A.考生在解题时应该重视关键的语言信

号词，更要加强反推的能力。

3.「答案」D

「考点解析」本题是一道细节归纳推导题。其实只要考生抓住第一段中的中心主旨句（倒数

第二句）和第二段中的中心主旨句（倒数第一句），就不难寻找出本题的正确答案D.要想知

道某一段的主要含义就要首先找出该段的中心主旨句。另外考生在破解此类题型时还要善于

根据中心主旨句进行合理的逻辑推导。

4.「答案」A

「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。如果考生抓住了全文的中心主旨句（第一段的倒数第二

句）以及每段的中心主旨句（例如第二段的倒数第一句），就不难寻找出本题的正确选项A,

因为该选项所强调的内容与这些中心主旨句所表达的内容是相互一致的。考生在破解中心主

旨题型时一定要具备寻找和理解中心主旨句的能力。

5.「答案」D

「考点解析」本题是一道细节推导题。题干已经将本题的答案信息确定在第三段的尾句，该

句强调的是uengineeringstudents”在教育方面的缺陷，因此本题的正确选项应该是D.

如果考生在理解此句时有困难，可借助于本段的主题句（第三段第一句）来破解本题。第三

段第一句强调的是"engineeringcurricula,,缺乏“designcourses”。这句话同样是表

明"engineeringstudents"在教育方面的缺失。考生在破解此类题型时一定要善于总结和

归纳原文的信息。

5>AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnate

capacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsisto

untangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulation

growthincheckoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydiflbrent

populationmakesthistaskmoredifficult：somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyear

toyear；othersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity；stillothersvarywildly,with

outbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinother

casesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposes

dividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulations

havedensity-dependentgrowthparameters；thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhich

dependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshavedensity-independent

growthparameters,withvitalratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents；theseratesfluctuateina

waythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronething,

nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhow

severelyorunpredictablybirth,death,andmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheir

long-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthe

longrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound（barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlosses

canceledexactly）oPutanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsina

populationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvarying

withdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemay

becorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusually

determinethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderst