贵州省中考英语复习-分类阅读及讲解(一)

中考英语复习——分类阅读及讲解（一）

人生哲理

[材料1]

It'seasiertogodownhillthantoclimbuphill;soitiseasiertofallintobadhabitsthan

intogoodones.

Badhabitsdonotcomesuddenly.Theycomelittlebylittle.Schoolchildrenfirstpickuplittlebad

habitsinschoolsandinthestreets.Whentheycan'twritetheirlessons,theycopyfromothers.If

theyseebiggerboyssmoking,theyalsowanttolearntosmoke.Iftheyseetheir

friendsgambling,theywanttocopytheirexamples.Whentheygetbigger,thehabitsbecome

strongerandstrongersothattheycannolongergetridofthem.Fromcopying,theylearnto

cheat,fromgambling,theylearntosteal.Soitisveryimportantforustogetridofbadhabitsin

thebeginning.

注释

1.gamble赌博

2.Fromcopying,theylearntocheat,fromgambling,theylearntosteal.从抄作业，他们学会欺

骗，从赌博他们学会了偷窃。

字数132难度系数要求时间3.5实际时间

1.Tofallintohadhabitsisjustliketo.

A.climbuphillB.godownhill

C.goupstairsD.godownstairs

2.Badhabitscome.

A.suddenlyB.quickly

C.fromthebeginningoflifeD.stepbystep

3.Whichofthefollowingisthenadhabit?

A.Tellthetruth.B.Finishthelessonseveryday

C.TellalieD.Copyfromothers

4.It'stogetridofbadhabitsintheverybeginning.

A.helpfulB.dangerousC.uselessD.unnecessary

5.Fromthepassageweknow

A.onecannevergetridofbadhabits

B.gamblingwillmakeonecheat

C.schoolchildrenjustpickupbadhabitsinschools.

D.it,smoredifficulttofallintogoodhabitsthanintobadones

Key:l.B2.A3.D4.A5.D

[材料2]

Afriend'sgrandfathercametoAmericafromEasternEurope.AfterbeingprocessedatEllis

Island,hewentintoacafeteriainlowerManhattantogetsomethingtoeat.Hesatdownatan

emptytableandwaitedforsomeonetotakehisorder.Ofcoursenobodydid.Atlast,awomanwith

aplatefulloffoodsatdownoppositehimandtoldhimhowacafeteriaworked.

“Startoutatthatend,“shesaid,“Justgoalongthelineandpickoutwhatyouwant.Atthe

otherendthey,lltellyouhowmuchyouhavetopay.”

“IsoonlearnedthatishoweverythingworksinAmerica,thegrandfathertoldafriend.uLife

islikeacafeteriahere.Youcangetanythingyouwantonlyifyouarewillingtopaythemoney.You

canevengetsuccess,butyouwill\neverwaitforsomeonetobringtoyou.Youhavetogetupand

getityourself.”

注释

1.process入境检查自助餐厅pickout挑选

2.EllisIsland埃利斯岛（美国东北部）

3.1soonlearnedthatishoweverythingworksinAmerica.我很快就知道那就是在美国的处事方式。

字数160难度系数要求时间3实际时间

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.fromEasternEuropetoAmerica.

B.LifeisLikeaCafeteriainAmerica.

C.HowtoEatinaCafeteria.

D.EatinginanAmericanCafeteria.

2.Maybetheoldmancamefrom.

A.PolandB.AustraliaC.CanadaD.Egypt

3.Fromthepassage,weknowifyouwanttogetsuccessinAmerica,youshould.

A.gethelpfromyourfriends

B.knowhowacafeteriaworks

C.getupagainifyoufail

D.trytogetitbyyourself

4.HowdoeseverythingworkinAmerica?

A.Youmustwaitforotherstohelpyou.

B.Youmustpayeverythingyoubuy.

C.Youmusthelpyourselfwitheverything.

D.Youmustcopyothers5examples.

Key1.B2.A3.D

[材料2]

Howoldis“old”？Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.Twohundredyesrsago,youwereold

at35.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,theaveragelifespanwas45.In1950,70-year-oldswere

reallyold.Today,ahealthy70-year-oldisstillthoughtyoung.

So,howoldisold?Theanswerisoneyou'veheardmanytimes,fromallkindsofpeople.uYou

areasold(oryoung)asyoufeel."Youragesimplytellsyouhowmanyyearsyouhavelived.Your

bodytellsyouhowwellyou'velived.

“Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears,,5wroteawriter.^Peoplegrowoldwhenthey

don'thavetheirideals."Peopleshouldn'thavethewrongidealsaboutaging.Sometimes,older

mindscanbeasbrightasyoungminds.AliceBrophyoncesaid,<(ltmakesmeunhappywhen

peoplesay,'Youlookyoungforyourage.'Whatdoesthatmean?Youknowyoucandieoldat30

andliveyoungat80.”

1.average平均span(生命)跨度ideal理想

2.Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.答案已随时代而变化。

3.Youareasold(oryoung)asyoufeel.你的年令随心态而定。

4.Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears,人不是因度过许多年份而变老的。

5.Youknowyoucandieoldat30andliveyoungat你可能三十岁老死，八十岁还年青

地活着。

字16难度系要求5实际时

数8数是间

1.About100yearsago,theaveragelifespanwas.

A.35B.45C.70D.80

2..Themeaningoftheword“aging"is.

A.growingoldB.stayingyoung

C.keepinghealthyD.feelingunhappy

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

B.Olderpeoplearenotasbrightasyoungpeople.

C.Allolderpeoplearehealthyandstrong.

D.Agingdoesnotmeanyoubecomeunhealthy.

E.Mostolderpeopleareunhealthyandpoor.

4.Whichquestionisnotansweredinthepassage?

F.Canolderpeoplebeasbrightasyoungpeople?

G.Whattellsyouhowwellyou'velived?

H.Howoldis“old”？

I.Whatistheaveragelifespantoday?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theaveragelifespanB.aging

C.the20thcenturyD.olderpeopleandyoungpeople

Key:1.B2.A3.C4.B5.C

[材料3]

Howoldis“old”？Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.Twohundredyesrsago,youwereold

at35.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,theaveragelifespanwas45.In1950,70-year-oldswere

reallyold.Today,ahealthy70-year-oldisstillthoughtyoung.

So,howoldisold?Theanswerisoneyou'veheardmanytimes,fromallkindsofpeople.MYou

areasold(oryoung)asyoufeel."Youragesimplytellsyouhowmanyyearsyouhavelived.Your

bodytellsyouhowwellyou'velived.

“Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears,"wroteawriter.''Peoplegrowoldwhenthey

don'thavetheirideals."Peopleshouldn'thavethewrongidealsaboutaging.Sometimes,older

mindscanbeasbrightasyoungminds.AliceBrophyoncesaid,“Itmakesmeunhappywhen

peoplesay,4Youlookyoungforyourage/Whatdoesthatmean?Youknowyoucandieoldat30

andliveyoungat80.”

注释

6.average平均span(生命)跨度ideal理想

7.Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.答案已随时代而变化。

8.Youareasold(oryoung)asyoufeel.你的年令随心态而定。

9.Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears,人不是因度过许多年份而变老的。

10.Youknowyoucandieoldat30andliveyoungat你可能三十岁老死，八十岁还年青

地活着。

字16难度系要求5实际时

数8数是问

1.About100yearsago,theaveragelifespanwas.

A.35B.45C.70D.80

2..Themeaningoftheword“aging"is.

A.growingoldB.stayingyoung

C.keepinghealthyD.feelingunhappy

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

B.Olderpeoplearenotasbrightasyoungpeople.

C.Allolderpeoplearehealthyandstrong.

D.Agingdoesnotmeanyoubecomeunhealthy.

E.Mostolderpeopleareunhealthyandpoor.

4.Whichquestionisnotansweredinthepassage?

F.Canolderpeoplebeasbrightasyoungpeople?

G.Whattellsyouhowwellyou'velived?

H.Howoldis“old”？

I.Whatistheaveragelifespantoday?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theaveragelifespanB.aging

C.the20thcenturyD.olderpeopleandyoungpeople

Key:1.B2.A3.C4.B5.C

[材料4]

AgreatFrenchwriterhassaidthatweshouldhelpeveryoneasmuchaswecanbecauseweoften

needhelpourselves.Thesmallevencanhelpthegreat.Aboutthis,hetoldthefollowingstory.

Anantwasdrinkingatasmallriverandfellin.Shetriedherbesttoreachtheside,butshe

couldn'tmoveatall.Thepoorantgottootiredbutwasstilldoingherbestwhenabigbirdsaw

her.Withapity,thebirdthrewapieceofwood.Withittheantreachedthebankagain.Whileshe

wasrestinganddryingherselfingrasssheheardamancomingup.Hewaswalkingwithoutshoes

onhisfeetandcarryingaguninhishand.Assoonashesawthebird,hewishedtokillher,andhe

wouldcertainlydoso,buttheantbithiminoneofhisfeetandatthatmomentthebirdflewaway

atonce.Itwasananimalmuchweakerandsmallerthanthebirdherselfthathadsavedherlife.

注释

1.bit咬

2.Thesmallevencanhelpthegreat.小能帮大。

3.withapity抱着同情心

4.Itwasananimalmuchweakerandsmallerthanthebirdherselfthathadsavedherlife.正是这只

比鸟弱小得多的动物救了她的命。

字数18难度系数要求时间3.5实际时间

4

1.AccordingtotheFrenchwriter,weoftenneedhelpfromothers,soweshould.

A.helpothersasmuchaswecan

B.helpthepeoplewhoaremaybeusefultous

C.getasmuchhelpaswecan

D.firstneedtohelpourselves

2.Anantfellintheriverandcouldnotreachtheside.

A.becauseshedidn'ttryto

B.becauseshetriedtoohard

C.becauseshedidn'tcryforhelp

D.becauseshewasn'tabletomoveinthewater

3.Thoughthepoorantwastootired,she.

A.losthopeB.stoppedtrying

C.stoppedtorestD.wentontrying

4.ThesentenceinthefirstpartuWeoftenneedhelpourselves.^^means.

A.Weoftenhelpourselves

B.Weoftenneedtohelpourselves

C.Thereisaneedforustohelpourselves

D.Weoftenneedotherpeopletohelpourselves

5.Thewritertellsthisstorytoshow.

A.howbravethebirdis

B.howclevertheantis

C.howanantsavedabird

D.eventhesmallcanhelpthegreat

6.Thetitleofthisstorycanbe

A.HelpB.Pity

C.TheAntD.TheBird

Key:1.A2.D3.D4.B5.D6.A

[材料5]

Inelementaryschool,GuadalupeQuintanillawasoftenregardedasa“slow1earnerbyher

teachers.Butshereallywasn,tslowatall.Shejustdidn'tunderstandthelanguageusedinthe

classroom.Herproblemwasthatshedidn,tspeakEnglish.Sosheleftschoolafterthefourth

grade.

WhenGaudalupegrewup,married,andhadchildrenofherown,sheknewthatherchildren

wereclever.Butsomeoftheirteachersdidn,tthinkso.Thechildrenwerehavingtroublein

schoolbecausetheydidn'tspeakEnglish.MrsQuintanillawasangry.Shedidn,twantpeople

tothinkthatherchildrenwerelearners.SoshedecidedtolearnEnglishherselfasawayof

helpingthem.ShepracticedEnglish.Shelookedupwordsinthedictionary.Sheaskedtheschool

headmastertolethersitinonclasses.Itwasn'teasy,butshepassedallherexams.Shesaid

thatmanyoftheotherstudentshelpedher.

MrsQuintanillahashelpedherchildrenwiththeirlessons.Hertwosonshavewonsuccess.

Oneisateacher,andtheotherisadoctor.Heryoungestchild,adaughter,isstudyingina

university.

1.elementary小学

2.Shejustdidn'tunderstandthelanguageusedintheclassroom.

她仅仅是听不懂课上说的话。

3.SoshedecidedtolearnEnglishherselfasawayofhelpingthem.

所以她决定自学英语作为帮助他们的一种方式。

字19难度系要求时4实际时

数0数间间

1.Gaudalupewascalledaslowlearner.

A.tomakeherstudyharder

B.becauseshewasn*tclever

C.becauseshestayedathome

D.becauseshedidn,tspeakEnglish

2.Accordingtothestory,childrenwhodon'tspeakEnglish.

A.mayhavemoretroubleinschool

B.havetroubleplayingfootball

C.oftenwriteadiary

D.growuptobeteachers

3.Whichhappenedfirst?

A.Gaudalupepassedallherexams.

B.Gaudalupeleftschoolafterthefourthgrade.

C.Gaudalupehadthreechildren.

D.Hertwosonswonsuccess.

4.Thestoryismainlyabout.

A.learningtosinganddance

B.theproblemofslowlearning

C.goingtoauniversity

D.MrsQuintanilla'ssuccess

5.Thestorytellsusthat.

A.mostchildrenfallinschool

B.schooliseasyforallstudents

C.hardworkcanleadtosuccess

D.teachersthemselvesareslowlearners

Key:1.D2.A3.B4.D5.C

[材料6]

Itisdutyofeverymantowork.Thelifeofalazymanisofnousetohimselfandtoothers.If

themanistoolazytowork,hewillusuallybecomeaunusefulman.Everyone,whenheisyoung,

shouldlearnsomeusefulwork.

Butitisnotenoughforamantolearnsomekindofwork.Heshouldputhisheart

andsoulintohiswork,andnotwastehisfreetime.“Workwhileyouworkandplaywhileyou

play”isasgoodruleforyoungpeopleasold.

Thereisnobettertohelptodiligencethanthehabitofearlyrising,andthis,justlikeallother

goodhabits,ismosteasilyformedinyouth.ThereisanEnglishsaying“Losttimenever

returns・"Thismeansthateverybodymustbediligent,andmakegooduseoftime.Onemust

studyhardwhenoneisyoungsothatonecanmakegreatprogress,succeedinlifeandbecome

usefultoone'scountry.Sowecansaythatdiligenceisthemotherofsuccess.

Lsould精力diligence勤奋youth青年人progress进步

2.beofnouse没有用(benotuseful)

3.asgoodruleforyoungpeopleasold不仅对老年人，而且对年轻人也是一条好规则。

字19难度系要求时4实际时

数8数间间

1.Afterreadingthepassageweknowthatadiligentmanwill.

A.losetimeB.succeedinlife

C.losehislifeD.makelittleprogress

2.Ifamanwantstobeofusetohimselfandtothepeople,heshould.

A.learnsomeusefulworkB.dosomethinginhisfreetime

C.puthisheartandsoulintoeverythingD.tryhisbesttoworkwithoutrest

3.Inordertolearntobediligent,it'sveryimportantfortheyoungpeopleto

A.workwhiletheyworkandplaywhiletheyplay

B.workallthetimewithoutplaying

C.formthehabitofgettingupearly

D.learnsomegoodsubjects

4.Onewillbesuccessfulinlifeifhewhenheisyoung.

A.spendssometimelearningB.isdiligentinhisstudy

C.loveshisschoolD.getsupearly

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.LazyBoyCanLearntoBeDiligent

B.YoungPeopleShouldRiseEarly

C.Diligence,theMotherofSuccess

D.LostTimeNeverReturns.

Key:l.B2.C3.C4.B5.C

[材料7]

At9:00DickSpivak'sbanktelephonedandsaidhispaymentwaslate."ThecheckisinthepostJ

Dickansweredquickly.At11:45Dickleftfora12:00meetingacrosstown.Arrivinglate,he

explainedthattraffichadbeenbad.Thatevening,Dick'sgirlfriendworeanewdress.Hehatedit.

ultlooksjustgreatonyou,“hesaid.

Threeliesinoneday!YetDickSpivakisjustanordinaryman.Eachtime,hetoldhimself

thatsometimesthetruthmakestoomanyproblems.Mostofustellmuchthesamewhite

lies,harmnlessuntruthsthathelptosavetrouble.Howoftendowetellwhitelies?Itpartly

dependsonourage,education,andevenwherewelive.OneUSstudyshowsthatwomenaremore

truthfulthanmen,andhonestyincreasesaswegetolder.

Whilemostpeopleuselittlewhiteliestomakelifeeasier,mostAmericanscareabouthonesty

inbothpublicandpersonallife.Theysaythatpeopletodayarelesshoneythantheywereten

yearsago.Althoughitisbelievedthatthingsaregettinggworse,lyingseemstobeanage-old

humanproblem.TheFrenchphilosopherVauvenarges,writingintheeighteenthcentury,touched

thetruthwhenhewrote“Allmenareborntruthfulanddieliars.”

注释

1.harmless无害的honesty诚实philosopher哲学家

2.Arrivinglate,heexplainedthattraffichadbeenbad.由于来完了，他解释说交通太糟糕。Arriving

late作原因状语。

3.touchthetruth触及到事实真相

4.Allmenareborntruthfulanddieliars.所有人生来都是诚实的，死的时候就成了谎言家。

字21难度系要求时4.实际时

数5数间5间

Whenthewritersays“DickSpivakisjustanordinaryman"，hemeans.

manypeopletellwhitelieslikeDickSpivak

Dickcoulddonothingaboutbadtraffic

alotofpeopleoftendelay（推迟）theirpayment

Dickfoundithardtodowitheverydayproblems

FromthispassagewecanseemostAmericans.

hatewhitelies

believewhitelies

value（珍视）honesty

thinkothersaredishonest

Vauvenargesywordsmeansthat.

lyingisanage-oldhumanproblem

peoplebecomelesshonestastheygetolder

peopleweredishonestinthe18thcentury

thethingsaroundmakepeopletelllies

Whichsentenceiswrong?

Allmenaredishonestwhentheyaredying.

Womenaremorehonestthanmen.

Whiteliessometimescanmakelifeeasier.

Theyoungerapersonis,themorehonestheis.

Key:1.A2.C3.B4.A

[材料8]

Longago,therelivedinGreecealearnedman.Hewassowellknownforhisgoodknowledgeof

almosteverythingthatlotsofpeoplefromalloverthecountrycametolearnfromhim.Thegreat

mantaughthisstudentswhole-heartedlyandansweredtheirquestionswithgreatpatience.

Onedayastudentaskedhim,“Mydearteacher,didn'tyousayyouyourselfhave

many,manymorequestionsaboutthingsthanwedo?ButIthinkwestudentshavefarmorethan

you.,,

Withasmileonhisface,theteacherdrewtwocircles,oneaslargeasabigcake,theother

smaller.Thenhesaid,“Ofcourse,Ihavelearnedmuchmore.Butit'swrongtothinkthatateacher

hasfewerquestionsthanhisstudents.Now,lookatthesetwocircles.Theinsideofthebiggerone

ismyknowledgeofthings,andtheinsideofthesmalleroneisyours.Outofthecirclesiswhatis

stillunknowntous.Sincemineislarger,Ihavetousethelongerlinetodrawthebiggercircle.

ThatmeansIhavemoreopportunitiestofacewhatisstillunknown.Andthat'swhyImyselfhave

morequestionsthanyoudo.Themoreyoulearn,themorequestionsyouhave.Youwillnever

learnenough,youknow.”

注释

1.Greece西腊patience耐心opportunity机会

2.Hewassowellknownforhisgoodknowledgeofalmosteverythingthatlotsofpeoplefromall

overthecountrycametolearnfromhim.他因为无所不知的丰富知识而闻名，以至全国各地的人都来向

他求教。

3.Themoreyoulearn,themorequestionsyouhave.你学得越多，你的问题就越多。

字22难度系要求时4.实际时

数3数间5间

1,Thelearnedmandrewtwocirclestoshow.

A.hewasgoodatdrawingcircles

B.hisknowledgehadsomethingtodowiththecircles

C.whyhehadmorequestionsthanthestudents

D.howhecouldgetmoreknowledge

2.Thestudentdidn'tagreethat.

A.theteacherhadsomanyquestionsasalearnedman

B.theteacherhadsomanyquestions

C.thestudentshadfewerquestionsthantheteacher

D.thestudentshadmorequestionsthanOtheteacher

3.Theteacherwasfamousforhis.

A.kindnessB.knowledge

C.patienceD.questions

4.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.

A.themorequestionswehave,themoreknowledgewemayget

B.it'snevertoooldtolearn

C.everyoneofusshouldtrytobealearnedman

D.ateachershouldhavemanyquestions

5.Whichofthefollowingshowsuswhattheteacherdrew?

1.

Key:1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A

[材料9]

Manypeoplegotoschoolforaneducation.Theylearnlanguages,history,politics,geography,

physics,chemistryandmathematics.Othersgotoschooltolearnaskillsothattheycanmake

aliving.Schooleducationisveryimportantanduseful.Yet,noonecanlearneverythingfrom

school.Ateacher,nomatterhowmuchheknows,cannotteachhisstudentseverythingtheywant

toknow.Theteacher'sjobistoshowhisstudentshowtolearn.Heteachesthemhowtoread

andhowtothink.So,muchmoreistobelearnedoutsideschoolbythestudentsthemselves.

Itisalwaysmoreimportanttoknowhowtostudybyoneselfthantomemorizesomefactsor

aformula.Itisactuallyquiteeasytolearnacertainfactinhistoryoraformulainmathematics.But

itisverydifficulttouseaformulainworkingoutamathproblem.Greatscientistsbeforeusdidn't

geteverythingfromschool.Theirteachersonlyshowedthemtheway.Edisondidnotevenfinish

primaryschool.Buttheywereallsosuccessful.Theyinventedsomanythingsformankind.The

reasonfortheirsuccessisthattheyknewhowtostudy.Theyreadbooksthatwerenottaughtat

school.Theywouldaskmanyquestionsastheyread.Theydidthousandsofexperiments.They

workedhardalltheirlives,wastingnotasinglemoment.Aboveall,theyknewhowtousetheir

brain.

注释

1.skill技能memorize记忆formula公式brain大脑

2.So,muchmoreistobelearnedoutsideschoolbythestudentsthemselves.所以更多的知识还

要靠学生自己在校外学习。

3.wastingnotasinglemoment不浪费片刻时间。分词短语作伴随情况。

4.Aboveall,theyknewhowtousetheirbrain.最重要的是，他们知道如何动脑筋。Aboveall首要

的

字24难度系要求时5实际时

数4数间间

1.Peoplegotoschoolto・

A.learnseveralsubjects

B.makealiving

C.getaneducation

D.tolearnaskill

2.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantthingateachershoulddois.

A.toteachhisstudentseverythingheknows

B.toknoweverything

C.toteachthestudentshowtothink

D.toteachthestudentshowtostudybythemselves

3.Toworkoutamathproblem,youneedtoknow.

A.onlyacertainformula

B.howtomemorizesomefacts

C.onlysomefacts

D.themethodtoworkitout

4.Whyweremanyscientistssosuccessful?

A.Theyreceivedgoodeducation.

B.Theywereveryclever.

C.Theyknewhowtolearn.

D.Theylearnedlotsoffactsandformulas.

5.Howdidgreatscientistsstudy?

A.Theyreadalotofbooksandaskedmanyquestionswhilereading.

B.Theydidthousandsofexperiments.

C.Theyalwaysworkedhardandneverwastedtime.

D.Alloftheabove.

Key:1.C2.D3.D4.C5.D

[材料10]

Roberthadjustmovedintothestreetandhefeltstrangeandthathewasnotwanted.He

knewthatperhapstheotherboysweretryingtogetanideaofwhatkindofaboyhewas.Thisdid

nothelptomakehimlesslonely.Hewasnewandhehadtobetested.Still,provinghimselfwould

notbeallthateasy.Hedidnotwanttorunwithbadboysorgetintosomethingagainstthe

lawtoprovethathewasstrong.No!Hemustshowthathewasmadeofinamorehelpful

way.Thafswhenhegottheidea.

ThenextdaywasSaturd