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2022年四川省乐山市公共英语五级(笔试)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、1.ListeningComprehension(15题)1.WanghassomeexperienceaboutCAD.
A.TrueB.Fasle
2.PartB
Directions:Youwillhear3conversationsortalksandyoumustanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.YouwillheartherecordingONLYONCE.
听力原文:W:Doyouenjoyyourwork?Doyouenjoymeetingpeople?
M:Yes.Sometimes.I'vegottobehonest.Sometimes.
W:So,somepeopleyoulikeandsomeyoudon't?
M:Yeah,it’slikealotofthings,meetingthegeneralpublic.Yougetgooddays,andyougetbaddays.ButIdoenjoythejob.Ilikethefreedomofthejob,beingself-employed.
W:Doyouevergetdifficultpassengers?
M:Yes,sometimes.
W:Whatsortofthingsdotheygetupto?
M:Iwouldsaysometimesalotofdifficultpassengersarepeoplewhodon'tgoincabsalotandthey'reunfamiliarwithprocedures.especiallyifyouworknights.Peopledrinkingortheextrasthatwouldbeincludedonthetariffafteracertaintimeofnight.
W:Youmeantheyarguewithyouovermoney?
M:Yes,thatcanhappen.Ortheway…thegoodthingis,peoplecanargueaboutthewaythatyougoonacertainroutebecausetheyalwaysknowbetter.Butninetimesoutoftentheroutethattheytakeyouonisfarlongerso,youknow,they'retheeventuallosers.
W:Soifyoudohaveadifficultpassengeryouwanttogetridof.whatdoyoudo?
M:I'dstopthecabandtellthemtogetout.
W:Doesthatoftenhappen?
M:Mmm,it'shappenedtomethreetimes.Andthey'vegotout.SoI,Imyselfhaven'thadalotofproblemswithdifficultpeople,youknow.
W:Whenyoupickuptouristsaspassengers,whatkindofplacesdotheyliketogoto?
M:IsupposethemostfamouslandmarkisBuckinghamPalace.theTowerofLondon,maybeHarrods;butcertainlyBuckinghamPalace.
Whatdoesthemando?
A.Ataxi-driver.
B.Abusdriver.
C.Apoliceman.
D.Atouristguide.
3.AlldirectorsontheBoardarefull-timeemployeesinthecompany.
A.TrueB.Fasle
4.Thespeakerwillintroducesixdepartmentalmanagersonebyone.
A.TrueB.Fasle
5.Astrokevictimcanputglovesonbothhishands.
A.TrueB.Fasle
6.Backinhisowncountry,Mr.WangstudiedC-languageandchemistry.
A.TrueB.Fasle
7.Youcanfindyournoseinthedarknessbecauseofyour"feltimage".
A.RightB.Wrong
8.Paulcouldreachalltheswitchesbecausetheywereoriginallyinstalledattherightheightofhim.
A.TrueB.Fasle
9.Howmuchtimedothemanandthewomanhavebeforetheyaddresstheclass?
A.Lessthantenminutes.
B.Abouttwentyminutes.
C.Forty-fiveminutes.
D.Overanhour.
10.Studentscanenjoyasimplebookingandenrolmentprocedureinsomechains.
A.TrueB.Fasle
11.Afterdeliveringthenewinformation,whyshouldthespeakeralsogivehisaudiencesometime?
12.PartA
Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerQuestions1-10bycirclingTRUEorFALSE.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions1-10.
听力原文:W:Comein,please.
M:Goodmorning,Dr.Wilson.
W:Goodmorning,Wang.Hownicetomeetyouagain.Takeaseat...whydon'tyou,please.Whendidyougettotheuniversity?
M:Iarrivedyesterday.
W:Well...areyoulivinginthecollege?
M:No,IamwithanEnglishfamily...actually...becauseIwanttoimprovemyspeaking.
W:Oh,fine.Right,didyoutakealanguageproficiencytestbeforeyoucame?
M:Yes.Uhh...myOverallBandis6,but...unfortunatelymyspeakingscoreisonly5.
W:OK,youknow,hereinthisuniversity,youhavetotakeourownEnglishtestbeforeyouattendanylectures.So,firstofall,whatwe'vegottodois,wehavetomakeanarrangementforthetestdate.Umm...willtomorrowbeallrightforyou?
M:Yeah,Ihavetimetomorrowmorning.
W:Good,then.Tomorrowatten.Idon'tthinkthetestwillbeanyproblemforyou.Now,let'smakesureyoumakegooduseofyourtimehere.Let'sputitlikethis.Whatexactlydoyouwanttoaccomplishinthenext12months?
M:I'minterestedincomputerlanguagetranslation,Imean,fromEnglishtoChineseandChinesetoEnglish.I'lltry,ifpossible,toproducesoftwareoradevicewhichcanserveasaninterpreter.
W:Yes,couldyoubeabitmorespecificabout...er...thedevice?
M:Forinstance,whenyoutalktothedeviceinEnglishitwilltranslateyourwordsintoChineseandviceversa.
W:Uhuh...doyoumeanit'llbeascompetentas...er...ahumaninterpreter?
M:Yes...well,I'llletitdealwithgeneralsituations,atleast.
W:Fascinating...andhowbigwillthedeviceitselfbe,doyouthink?
M:Thesizeofacigarettepack,Ithink.Sopeoplecanputitintheirpocket.
W:Really?Well,thatcouldbeaPh.Dproject.Tellmewhatyouhavedonesofar.
M:Inmyfouryearsofundergraduatestudy,Istudiedelectronics,advancedmathematics,hardwaredesigning,somecomputerlanguagesandprogramwriting.
W:Yes,buthaveyoudoneanypracticaljobs?Imean,haveyouwrittenanyprogramsforpracticaluse?
M:IhadbeeninvolvedinaprojectforCADinashipyard.
W:Computeraideddesign.Thatwasprobablyagoodexperience,but,unfortunately,itmaynothelpyourpresentprojectmuch.AreyoufamiliarwiththeC-language?
M:No.
W:Uhuh...thephoneticprocessingsystem,doyouknowhowsuchasystemworks?
M:Whatdoyoumeanby"phoneticprocessingsystem"?
W:Well,youknow,Englishisspokenbydifferentpeoplewithdifferentaccents.YourEnglishaccentisdifferentfrommine,andofcoursemineisnotthesameasmycolleagues'.SoasIseeit,yourdevicewouldhavetobeabletorecogniseandunderstanddifferentaccents.
M:Oh,Isee.IthinkIcanlearntheC-languageandthephoneticprocessingsystemhere.
W:Well,that'sprobablytrue,butyou'vegotonlytwelvemonthsandyouwantadegree,don'tyou?M:Yes.
W:OK,sothere'retwowaysofstudyingforadegreehere.Youeithertakesixcourses,passtheirexamsandhaveyourdissertationacceptedortheotherwayisyoudosomeresearchworkandsubmityourprojectreport.M:IthinkI'lltakethesecondway,
W:Fine,butareyousureyoucanfinishyourprojectintwelvemonths?
M:Idon'tknow,butIcanworktwelvehoursperdayandsevendaysperweek.
W:Well,I'dsuggestyouspendsometimeinourlibrary,tryingtofindoutwhatotherstudentshavedonebeforeandperhapsreconsideryourownproject,tosomeextent.Youmightnarrowyourresearcharea,concentratingonsolvingoneortwomajorproblems.And,it'dbeagoodideatotalktoyourcolleaguesinthelab,first.Anyway,I'msurewecanworkoutsomethinggood.ShallIseeyouagaininthreedays'time?
M:A11rig
A.TrueB.Fasle
13.Accordingtothespeaker,whatdoesamanagerhavetotreateveryoneofhisstaffas?
14.Whathasgivenwomenanindependenceinformingafamily?
15.Whichpowerdoesthemansuggest?
A.Waterpower.
B.Windpower.
C.Solarpower.
D.Electronicalpower.
二、2.UseofEnglish(10题)16.(34)
17.(41)
18.(50)
19.
【C19】
20.(38)
21.
【C18】
22.(40)
23.
【C4】
24.
【C11】
25.
【C6】
三、3.ReadingComprehension(15题)26.
WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?
A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.
B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.
C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.
D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.
27.
Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
A.TheHartspreferapublicuniversitytoaprivateone.
B.Itismucheasiertopaythetuitionatpresent.
C.Allstudentscangettheaidpackage.
D.Traditionalscholarshipsarestillattractivetosomefamilies.
28.PartB
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66~70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA~Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.
A.Thereremained,however,the“easier”labor—thelaborthatrequiredthehumaneyes,ears,judgmentandmindbutnosweating.Itneverthelesshaditsmiseries,forittendedtobedull,repetitious,andboring.Andthereisalwaysthesoursenseofendlesslydoingsomething.unpleasantundercompulsion.
B.Foronething,muchofhumaneffortthatistodayputinto“mimingtheworld”willbeunnecessary.Withcomputers,robotsandautomation,agreatdealofthedailygrindwillappeartoberunningitself.Thisisnothingstartling.ItisatrendthathasbeenrapidlyonitswayeversinceWorldWarⅡ.
C.Andnowwestandatthebrinkofachangethatwillbethegreatestofall,forworkinitsoldsensewilldisappearaltogether.Tomostpeople,workhasalwaysbeenanefforffulexercisingofmindorbody—compelledbythebitternecessityofearningthenecessitiesoflife—plusanoccasionalperiodofleisureinwhichtorestorhavefun.
D.Clearlytherewillbeapainfulperiodoftransition,onethatisstartingalready,andonethatwillbeinfullswingasthe21stcenturybegins.
E.Inthefirstplace,thecomputeragewillintroduceatotalrevolutioninournotionsofeducation,andisbeginningtodosonow.Thecomingofthecomputerwillmakelearningfun,andasuccessfullystimulatedmindwilllearnquickly.Itwillundoubtedlyturnoutthatthe“average”childismuchmoreintelligentandcreativethanwegenerallysuppose.Therewasatime,afterall,whentheabilitytoreadandwritewasconfinedtoaverysmallgroupof“scholars”andalmostallofthemwouldhavescoutedthenotionthatjustaboutanyonecouldlearntheintricaciesofliteracy.Yetwithmasseducationgeneralliteracycametobeafact.
F.Thismeansthatthedull,theboring,therepetitious,themind-stultifyingworkwillbegintodisappearfromthejobmarket—isalreadybeginningtodisappear.This,ofcourse,willintroducetwovitalsetsofproblem—isalreadyintroducingthem.
Periodicallyinhistory,therecomeperiodsofgreattransitioninwhichworkchangesitsmeaning.Therewasatime,perhaps10,000yearsago,whenhumanbeingsstoppedfeedingthemselvesbyhuntinggameandgatheringplants.andincreasinglyturnedtoagriculture.Inaway,thatrepresentedtheinventionof“work”.
Then,inthelatterdecadesofthe18thcentury,astheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinGreatBritain,therewasanothertransitioninwhichthesymbolsofworkwerenolongerthehoeandtheplow;theywerereplacedbythemillandtheassemblyline.66.______
WiththeIndustrialRevolution,machinery—poweredfirstbysteam,thenbyelectricityandinternalcombustionengines—tookoverthehardphysicaltasksandrelievedthestrainonhumanandanimalmuscles.
67.______
Andyet,suchjobshavebeencharacteristicofthehumanconditioninthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury.They'vemadetoolittledemandonthehumanmindandspirittokeepthemfreshandalive,madetoomuchdemandforanymachinetoservethepurposeuntilnow.
Theelectroniccomputer,inventedinthe1940'sandimprovedatbreakneckspeed,wasamachinethat,forthefirsttime,seemedcapableofdoingworkthathaduntilthenbeenthepreserveofthehumanmind.Withthecoming
29.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
Answerquestions71~80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorDandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=BOOK1B=BOOK2C=BOOK3D=BOOK4
Whichbook(s)say(s)that...
theclimateaffectsthefuturesustainableagriculturaldevelopment?71.______
environmentalcontrolisrelatedwiththenationalrevenues?72.______
theenvironmentalproblemsarenotcausedovernight?73.______
avarietyofspeciesareonthedecrease?74.______
agricultureisalsoafactorforfiledegradationofenvironment?75.______
pollutioncanbecontrolledbyincreasingtheproductioncostofpollutinggoods?76.______
pollutioncontrolneedsthesupportoftechnologyandtechniques?77.______
provideslessonsforagriculture,trade,landu~eandtaxpolicyfromaneconomicperspective?78.______
thedegradationofenvironmentcausesthechangeofclimate?79.______
theapproachestoresearchshouldbeadjustedtothechangingsituation?80.______
ABOOK1
Thebookoffersacomprehensiveperspectiveontheconsequencesandpossiblepolicysolutionsforclimaticchangeaswemoveintothetwenty-firstcentury.Itassessestheimpactofpotentialfeatureglobalclimatechangeonagricultureandtheneedtosustainagriculturalgrowthfortheeconomicdevelopment.
Thebookbeginsbyexaminingtheroleofinternationalresearchinstitutionsinovercomingenvironmentalconstraintsonsustainableagriculturalgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Theauthorsthendiscusshowagriculturalresearchsystemsmayberestructuredtorespondtoglobalenvironmentalproblemssuchasclimatechangeandlossofgeneticdiversity.Thediscussionthenextendstoconsiderenvironmentalaccountingandindexing,toillustratehowenvironmentalqualitycanbeincludedformallyinmeasuresofnationalincome,socialwelfareandsustainability.Thethirdpartofthebookfocusesontheeffectsofandpolicyresponsestoclimatechange.Chaptersinthispartexaminetheeffectofclimatechangeonproduction,trade,landusepatternsandlivelihoods.Theyconsiderimpactsonthedistributionofincomebetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesremainamajoreconomicactivity.Authorstakeonaneconomy-wideperspectivetodrawlessonsforagriculture,trade,landuseandtaxpolicy.
BBOOK2
Theozonelayeristhreatenedbychemicalemissions;theclimateisendangeredfromfossilanddeforestation,andglobalbiodiversityisbeinglostbyreasonofthousandsofyearsofhabitatconversions.Globalenvironmentalproblemsariseoutoftheaccumulatedimpactsfrommanyyears'andmanycountries'economicdevelopment.Inordertoaddresstheseproblemsthestatesoftheworldmustcooperatetomanagetheirdevelopmentprocessestogether--thisiswhataninternationalenvironmentalagreementmustdo.Butcantheworld'scountriescooperatesuccessfullytomanageglobaldevelopment?Howshouldtheymanageit?Whoshouldpayfortheprocess,aswellasfortheunderlyingproblems?
Thisbookpresentsanexaminationofboththeproblemandtheprocessunderlyinginternationalenvironmentallawmaking:therecognitionofinternationalinterdependence,thenegotiationofinternationalagreementsandtheevolutionofinternationalresourcemanagement.Itexaminesthegeneralproblemofglobalresourcemanagementbymeansofgeneralprinciplesandcasestudiesandby
30.
TheGTE'sexampleshowsthat______.
A.efficienttechnologyiscost-effective
B.manymeetingsinacompanyareunnecessary
C.manypositionslikethatofatypistcanbedoneawaywith
D.itdoesn'tcostmuchtoautomatethefacilitiesofacompany
31.PartC
Directions:Answerquestions71-80byreferringtothefollowinggames.
Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkitonANSWERSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.
A=RotherhitheB=BarnesC=WillesdenD=King'sCrossWhichcity…
usedtohavelotofproblemssuchasdrugs,streetcrime,etc.?71.______
hastheunpopularstyle.ofarchitecture?72.______
hasthemostexpensiveproperties?73.______
offersbigout-fashionedhousesatlowerprice?74.______
islocatedinaquietresidentialarea?75.______
sawabigincreaseinpricelastyear?76.______
willbuildalotofnewfacilities?77.______
isestimatedtobeagoodinvestment?78.______
encouragesnight-lifecultureforyoungpeople?79.______
createsenergeticmulti-culturalatmosphere?80.______
A
Rotherhithe
Rotherhithemaybemostfamousforitscongestedtunnelbutmanyyoungbuyersarewarmingtoitsriversidecharms.
Itisstillmuchcheaperthanitswatersideneighbors.Thehousingstockispredominately1980sflats,manyarrangedincul-de-sacs(死胡同)andclosesaroundSurreyQuaysRoad.
TheunpopulararchitecturehasledtotheareabeingcalledtheMiltonKeynesofLondonbutpropertiesarespaciousandunfashionablestyle.haskeptpricesdown.
PaulMitchell,ofestateagentsAlexNeil,says,"Thereispreciouslittleperiodproperty,butyouwillgetfarmoreforyourmoneyherethanaVictorianhousewithlotsoforiginalfeaturesdowntheroadinBermondsey."
SurryQuaysshoppingcenterprovidesalltheamenitiesofahighstreetbuttheareaislackinginfun.However,SouthwarkCouncilisintalkstodevelopthe"nighttimeeconomy"whichcouldwellleadtoanincreaseinbarsandrestaurantstocaterfortiegrowingnumberofyoungprofessionalresidents.
"Itispossibletogetagoodthree-bedroomhouseinRotherhithefor280,000,"saysSumineJordaan-Robinson,ofagentsBurwoodMarsih,"Abouteightminutes;walkfromtheJubileelinewhichwillhaveyouinBondstreetin15minutes.TherearerotthatmanyareasinLondonwherethatispossible."
B
Barnes
BarnessitsjustacrosstheriverfromHammersmithinsouthwestLondon,butitcouldnotbemoredifferentfromthenoiseandbustleoftheoppositebank.
IthasbeencalledoneofthelasttrueLondon"villages"withhappyresidentskeepingitsoldschoolcharmsquietfromnoseyoutsidersandpotentialdevelopers.
BeingbytheriverandpredominatelyresidentialgivesBarnesanattractivelylazyvibe.Ithasatraditionalvillagegreencompletewithidyllicduckpondandquaintpub.ThehighstreetisaboutasfarfromthePoundShopandPrimarkambienceofitsneighborsasispossible.
ButbuyingintoBarnesisnotcheap."Familyhousesaresnappedupincrediblyquickly,"claimsChrisCarney,salesnegotiatoratBoileausestateagents."Itisveryhardtogetpropertiesofthissize,withoutsidespacesoclosetoLondon,whichiswhytheyareexpensive."
LargedetachedVicuorianhousesonthetwomainroads,CastlenauandLonsdale,normallyhavebetweenfiveandsevenbedrooms,gardensof120ftandoffstreetparking.Thesesellforanythingbetween£2millionand£5million.Bythevillagegreentherearerowsofimmaculateterraced
32.
Thevalueofcompetitionworksagainstthespiritofnationalcooperationinthat______.
A.itmakespeoplenotbelieveinthegovernment
B.itcausespeopletosuspectbutnottotrusteachother
C.itmakespeopleevenunabletocooperatewellonlocallevels
D.itencouragespeopletogainsuccessthroughindividualhardwork
33."TheissueofonlineprivacyintheInteractagefoundnewurgencyfollowingtheSept.11terroristattacks,sparkingdebateoverstrikingthecorrectbalancebetweenprotectingcivillibertiesandattemptingtopreventanothertragicterroristact.Whilepreventingterrorismcertainlyisofparamountimportance,privacyrightsshouldnotbedeemedirrelevant.
Inresponsetotheattacks,Congressquicklypassedlegislationthatincludedprovisionsexpandingfightsofinvestigatorstointerceptwire,oralandelectroniccommunicationsofallegedhackersandterrorists.CivillibertiesgroupsexpressedconcernsovertheprovisionsandurgedcautioninensuringthateffortstoprotectournationdonotresultinbroadgovernmentauthoritytoerodeprivacyrightsofU.S.citizens.Nevertheless,causingfurtherconcerntocivillibertiesgroups,theDepartmentofJusticeproposedexceptionstotheattorney-clientprivilege.OnOct.30,AttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftapprovedaninterimagencyrulethatwouldpermitfederalprisonauthoritiestomonitorwireandelectroniccommunicationsbetweenlawyersandtheirclientsinfederalcustody,includingthosewhohavebeendetainedbutnotchargedwithanycrime,wheneversurveillanceisdeemednecessarytopreventviolenceorterrorism.
Inlightofthisbroadeningefforttoreachintocommunicationsthatwerepreviouslybelievedtobe"off-limits",theissueofonlineprivacyisnowanevenmorepressingconcern.Congresshastakensomelegislativestepstowardensuringonlineprivacy,includingtheChildren'sOnlinePrivacyProtectionAct,andprovidedprivacyprotectionsforcertainsectorsthroughlegislationsuchastheFinancialServicesModernizationAct.Thelegislationpassedtodatedoesnot,however,provideastatutoryschemeforprotectinggeneralonlineconsumerprivacy.Lackingdefinitivefederallaw,somestatespassedtheirownmeasures.Butmuchofthislegislationisincompleteornotenforced.Moreover,itbecomesunworkablewhenstatescreatedifferentprivacystandards;theInternetdoesnotknowgeographicboundaries,andcompaniesandindividualscannotbeexpectedtocomplywithdiffering,andattimesconflicting,privacyroles.
Ananalysisearlierthisyearof751U.S.andinternationalWebsitesconductedbyConsumersInternationalfoundthatmostsitescollectpersonalinformationbutfalltotellconsumershowthatdatawillbeused,howsecurityismaintainedandwhatrightsconsumershaveovertheirowninformation.
Ataminimum,CongressshouldpasslegislationrequiringWebsitestodisplayprivacypoliciesprominently,inform.consumersofthemethodsemployedtocollectclientdata,allowcustomerstooptoutofsuchdatacollection,andprovidecustomeraccesstotheirowndatathathasalreadybeencollected.AlthoughvariousInternetprivacybillswereintroducedinthe107thCongress,thefocusshiftedtoexpandinggovernmentsurveillanceinthewakeoftheterroristattacks.Plainly,governmenteffortstopreventterrorismareappropriate.Exactlyhowtheseexigentcircumstanceschangethenatureoftheonlineprivacydebateisstilltobeseen.
Concerningtheprotectionofprivacyandincreasedsurveillanceofcommunication,theauthorseemstoinsiston______.
A.thepriorityoftheformeraction
B.theexecutionofthelatterattheexpenseoftheformer
C.tighteningbothpoliciesatthesametime
D.abalancebetweenthetwoactions
34.
FromDr.Dustan'sstudywecaninferthat_____.
A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople
B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone'sbloodpressure
C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient
D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone
35.At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the"bubble-boydisease",namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforyearsinasterileplastictent),shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore."Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,"Andersonsays,"within50years."
It'snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson'searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon'tcausehumandisease."ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanhorse,"saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege."Thecargoisthegene."
AttheUniversityofPennsylvania'sAbramsohCancerCenter,immunologistCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson'sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren'sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren'sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensiveclottingdrugsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.
Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytopatient.Inhumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.Thissummer,researchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda"marathonmouse"byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof"genedoping".Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou'retryingtohelpahealthyrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk."Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea,"saysCrystal."Andeventuallyit'sgoingtowork."
ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto______.
A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy
B.giveanexampleofmoderntreatmentforfataldiseases
C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam
D.explainhowgene-basedtreatmentworks
36.PartA
Directions:ReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays,"Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartment
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