高中英语句子成分基本句型课件公开课

句子成分及句型(jùxínɡ)MembersandStructuresofaSentence第一页，共34页。1句子(jùzi)分类简单句复合句并列(bìngliè)复合句主从(zhǔcóng)复合句有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定语从句状语从句名词性从句由一个主语〔或并列主语〕和一个谓语〔或并列谓语〕组成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有主谓结构。第二页，共34页。2英语句子的根本结构可以归纳成五种(wǔzhǒnɡ)根本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种根本(gēnběn)句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的根底。一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)第三页，共34页。3*句子成分(jùzichéngfèn)由词或词组充当英语(yīnɡyǔ)的根本成分有七种：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________和___________________主语(zhǔyǔ)(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement)第四页，共34页。4㈠主语(zhǔyǔ)subjectJaneisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Tosee

istobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoung

shouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaid

istrue.主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(míngcí),主格代词,动词不定式,动名词(míngcí)等等。主语一般在句首。名词(míngcí)主格代词数词动词不定式动名词the+形容词句子第五页，共34页。5Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.3.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.4.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.5.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(一)挑出以下(yǐxià)句中的主语第六页，共34页。6㈡谓语(wèiyǔ)predicate谓语(wèiyǔ):简单谓语(wèiyǔ)由动词或动词词组构成,是完整的时态和语态。一般在主语之后。Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语(wèiyǔ)由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasfinishedthehomework.第七页，共34页。7.2.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime3.IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor1oyears.4.Heshouldtellmethetruth.5.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikestudy.6.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(二)挑出(tiāochū)以下句中谓语第八页，共34页。8●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Heaskedwherehewas.〔三〕宾语(bīnyǔ)object宾语：动作(dòngzuò)的接受者，一般在谓语后面.由名词,代词,介词短语,非谓语及从句充当。第九页，共34页。9宾语分为(fēnwéi)直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接(jiànjiē)宾语↓直接(zhíjiē)宾语●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Hebought

me

someflowers.第十页，共34页。10(三)挑出(tiāochū)以下句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.第十一页，共34页。11(四)宾语(bīnyǔ)补足语objectcomplement宾语补足语:位于(wèiyú)宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。Ifoundthebookinteresting.DoyouhearTomsinging?Hemadehimselfunderstood.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.形容词现在(xiànzài)分词过去分词动词不定式介词短语副词名词第十二页，共34页。12(四)挑出(tiāochū)以下句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.第十三页，共34页。13〔五〕定语(dìngyǔ)(Attributive):定语的作用？用于修饰、限定名词或代词。定语一般由？？？充当。girl定语还可以(kěyǐ)由名词充当，表用途。apencilbox形容词

beautifula第十四页，共34页。14定语(dìngyǔ)(Attributive):定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词(dòngcí)充当。ThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.aninterestingbookameetingtoattend定语也可以由介词〔词组〕充当。Thebooksontheshelf第十五页，共34页。15(五)挑出以下(yǐxià)句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!第十六页，共34页。16〔六〕状语(zhuàngyǔ)adverbial用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间(shíjiān),地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.第十七页，共34页。17(六)挑出以下(yǐxià)句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.第十八页，共34页。18Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.Theappletastesgood.〔七〕表语(biǎoyǔ)predicative第十九页，共34页。19〔七〕表语(biǎoyǔ)在系动词后的局部就是表语常见的系动词有:be动词(am,is,are)感官(gǎnguān)系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come状态系动词seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.第二十页，共34页。20(七)挑出(tiāochū)以下句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.第二十一页，共34页。21八、同位语appositive同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都指同一批“学生〞)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语,都指同样(tóngyàng)的“我们〞)第二十二页，共34页。22牛刀小试第二十三页，共34页。23a.ＳＶ

b.ＳＶＰ

c.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶｏＯ

e.ＳＶＯＣ

1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____3.Ihavealotworktodo._____4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____5.Shesmiled.______6.Pleaselookatthepicture._____daebec第二十四页，共34页。24第二十五页，共34页。25第二十六页，共34页。26第二十七页，共34页。27第二十八页，共34页。28第二十九页，共34页。29第三十页，共34页。30划分(huàfēn)句子成分Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindo