Unit+2+Natural+disasters+Extended+Reading+知识点课件【知识 精讲精研 】 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

ExtendedReadingLanguagePointslanguagepointsⅠIntroductionTheLastDaysofPompeii(Excerpt)EdwardBulwer-Lytton(1803－1873)wasatalentedBritishwriterwho

lefthismarkontheEnglishlanguage.Hisclassic①novelThe

Last

Days

of

PompeiiimagineslifeintheancientRoman②cityofPompeiiintheyear79③,

whenMountVesuviuserupted④.ThisterriblenaturaldisasterdestroyedPompeiicompletely,butitalsokepttheancientcityasitwasforfutureages.Since1748,Pompeiihasbeensystematically⑤unearthed⑥.Todayitisaninternationaltouristdestination⑦.①classicn．经典

adj.典型的；传统的；最优秀的；有代表性的classicnovel经典小说②Romanadj.古罗马的；罗马的

n．古罗马人；罗马人

theancientRoman古罗马③intheyear79在公元79年

intheyear79BC在公元前79年④eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生

eruptionn．爆发

volcaniceruptions火山爆发⑤systematicallyadv.系统地，有组织地systemn．体系；制度；系统的systematicaladj.体系的；有条不紊的；系统的⑥unearthvt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到⑦destinationn．目的地，终点aninternationaltouristdestination国际旅游目的地markn.斑点，污迹；记号，符号；成绩，分数；评价；靶子Theyfollowedthemarksthatthetyres轮胎_________ontheroad.He________________________________(得高分)intheexaminations.He__________(击中/没有击中)themark.left/madegot/received/gained/earnedhighmarkshit/missedIntroductionleaveone’smarkonsth在某物上留下某人的印记markv.做标记；留下印记；标示；给...评分；赋予特征Theroutehasbeenmarked___red.Theagreement________________英[ˈɪərə](标志新时代）ininternationalrelations.Ispendatleastsixhoursaweek________.(mark)inmarksaneweramarking“打分”1在某物上留下某人的印记2被有计划有步骤地发掘出土3旅游景点leaveone’smarkonsthbesystematicallyunearthedatouristdestinationImportantwords&phrases/Para.1PompeiiwasatypicalRomancity.Initslittleshops,itstinypalaces,itsforum⑧，itswinebars⑨，itstheatre—intheenergyandskill⑩ofitspeople,yousawamodelofthewholeRomanEmpire.Tradingshipsbringingimports⑪tothecityorcarryingexportsoverseas⑫，

alongwithgoldenpleasureboatsfortherich,werecrowdedtogetherintheglassywater⑬oftheport⑭.[1]⑧forumn．(古罗马)公共集会场所；论坛⑨barn．酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍

vt.封；阻挡；阻止winebars酒吧abarofchocolate一条巧克力⑩energyandskill活力和技艺⑪import

n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入

vt.进口，引进exportn．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出

vt.出口，输出⑫overseasadv.向(在)海外，向(在)国外

adj.海外的，国外的⑬intheglassywater在波光粼粼的水面上⑭portn．港口，避风港；港口城市harbourn．海港；港口；海湾/Para.1Theboatsofthefishermenmovedrapidlyinalldirections⑮.Aboveall⑯，thecloud-­capped⑰topofMountVesuviusappeared.Itsashy⑱rocks,nowdark,nowlight,toldastoryofpasteruptionsthatmighthavewarnedthecitywhatwastocome！[2]⑮inalldirections朝着四面八方⑯aboveall在……上方；首先

mostofall最重要的是；首先⑰cloud-cappedadj.高耸入云的，

耸入云霄的⑱ashyadj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的

ashn．灰；灰烬/Para.1Tradingshipsbringingimportstothecityorcarryingexportsoverseas,alongwithgoldenpleasureboatsfortherich,werecrowded...(Lines9-11)imports&exports进口/出口带im/in前缀的单词往往有“向内”的意思，而ex-前缀则相反如：include&exclude(包含/排斥，排除)

internal&external(内部的/外部的，表面的)/Tradingshipsbringingimportstothecityorcarryingexportsoverseas,alongwithgoldenpleasureboatsfortherich,werecrowdedtogetherintheglassywateroftheport.划分句子结构

Para.1主句分词短语作后置做定语/Para.1Tradingshipsbringingimportstothecityorcarryingexportsoverseas,alongwithgoldenpleasureboatsfortherich,werecrowded...(Lines9-11)alongwith连同；随着；以及；和……一起；除……以外（还）eg.Solongaswhatyoudoisright,I'llgoalongwithyou.当togetherwith连接前后两个主语时，谓语应该根据前面主语的人称和数来决定，此类短语还有but、except、besides、including、like、with、aswellas、nolessthan、alongwith、inadditionto、combinedwith、ratherthan等。/当togetherwith连接前后两个主语时，谓语应该根据前面主语的人称和数来决定，此类短语还有but、except除了、besides另外、including、like像、with、aswellas、asmuchas差不多、nolessthan、alongwith、inadditionto另外、combinedwith、ratherthan等。HaveatryJohn,ratherthanhisroommates,______toblame.Myfather,nolessthanI,_______abaseballfan. nolessthan不亚于Twochildrenwiththeirmother_______come.isishave/Para.1Itsashyrocks,nowdark,nowlight,toldastoryofpasteruptionsthatmighthavewarnedthecitywhatwastocome!(line12-13）句意：火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！mighthavedone过去本可以做而实际未做含有轻微的责备或惋惜之意例：1.要不是妈妈坚持让她去，她可能就失去这个机会了。She_________________(loss)thechanceifhermotherhadn'tinsistedonhergoing.mighthavelost2.如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。She_________________(achieve)greaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.mighthaveachieved/Para.219.dawnn.黎明，破晓，开端，萌芽

vi.开始，开始清楚

atdawn在黎明，在拂晓20.taketheformof呈现...的形式，采取...的形式21.unbearable

adj.难耐的，无法忍受的/Para.2Thecrowdlookedupwards,andsaw,withunspeakablefear,ahugecloudshootingfromthetopofthevolcano.(line16-17)句意：民众抬头一看，只见一片巨大的云块从火山顶上喷了出来，他们有一种说不出的恐惧。shoot发射

分词短语作宾语补足语/Para.2

un-前缀可放在形容词前，表示“相反的,不能…的”,如：

unacceptable

不能接受的

uncertain不确定的，无把握的

unforgettable难忘的

unusual非同寻常的

untidy

不整洁的

unconscious

无知觉的，无意识的

/Para.2Ittooktheformofahugetree:thetrunk,blackness,thebranches,fire!(line17-18)它变成了一棵大树的形状：树干是黑色的，树枝是火！taketheformof表现为……的形式informsof以……的形式takeform具有一定形式，成形inform在形式上Thentheshadowy阴影的outline轮廓did___________.Literatureistheexpressionoflife___________truthandbeauty.Ournextclasswill________________adebate辩论.Hisessaysarefixed_____________.takeforminformsoftaketheformofinform/Para.2Thisfiremovedandchangedincolourwitheverymoment:nowitwaswildlybright,nowofapaleanddyingred,andnowagainitburntwithanunbearablelight!changeincolourwitheverymoment颜色每时每刻在变化wildlyadv.疯狂地；粗暴地，野蛮地wildlybright非常地亮paleadj.浅色的；暗淡的dyingadj.临终的；垂死的

burntwithanunbearablelight

燃烧着发出令人难以忍受的光芒这堆火每时每刻都在移动，颜色也在变化：一会儿非常明亮，一会儿是苍白和衰败的红色，一会儿又燃烧着发出令人难以忍受的光芒！4四面八方地5最重要的是；尤其是6难以言表的恐惧7呈现…的形状8无法忍受的亮光inalldirectionsaboveall

unspeakablefeartaketheformof…Importantwords&phrasesunbearablelight/Para.322.breakout突然开始，爆发23.beyond在远处，在另一边；超出...之外24.distancen.遥远、久远、距离、差异

inthediatance在远处25.farandwidehereandthere到处，各处

/Para.3Thecriesofwomenbrokeout;themenlookedateachother,butweresilent.(line21)句意：女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。breakout（战争、瘟疫、灾害等）突然开始；爆发例：AfterCOVID-19_________,medicalworkerstriedtheirbesttopreventthespreadofit.brokeout【拓展】break相关短语breakintobreakinbreakupbreakdown非法闯入闯入；打断；插嘴打碎，分散，解散出故障，垮掉，失败/Para.3练习：用break相关短语填空。1.这些陈旧的规章制度必须废除。Theoldrulesmustbe__________.2.昨夜一个小偷闯了进来，偷走了他的相机。Lastnightathief________andstoleawayhiscamera.3.听到这个悲哀的消息，这位老年妇女突然哭了起来。

Hearingthesadnews,theoldwoman_________tears.4.让我们化整为零。

Let's_________thewholeintoparts.brokendownbrokeinbrokeintobreakup/Para.3Atthatmoment,theyfelttheearthshakingbeneaththeirfeet;beyondinthedistance,theyheardthecrashoffallingroofs.(line21-22)句意：就在那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地在晃动；从另一边的远处传来屋顶坍塌的巨响。distancen.遥远；久远；距离；差异；疏远inthedistance在远处distantadj.遥远的；远处的；久远的例：1.远处山峦叠起。Mountainsrose_____________.2.他是市长的远房亲戚。He'sa________hedistancedistant/Para.3Amomentlater,themountain-cloudseemedtorolltowardsthem,darkandrapid,likeariver;atthesametime,itthrewoutashowerofashesandhugepiecesofburningstone!rollv翻滚，翻动，翻身，卷起n.名单，一卷，一管，翻滚

rollcall点名

rolltowardsb朝某人翻滚过来throw-threw-thrownv投，抛，扔，摔，使什么进展不顺/Para.3Amomentlater,themountain-cloudseemedtorolltowardsthem,darkandrapid,likeariver;atthesametime,itthrewoutashowerofashesandhugepiecesofburningstone!throwout扔掉，扔出throwup呕吐throwaway扔掉，丢弃throwlighton阐明……，照亮，使……显得清楚Thisproblemishardenoughtothrowtheteacher.Wearereadytothrowaparty.难住老师

举办晚会

/Para.3Amomentlater,themountain-cloudseemedtorolltowardsthem,darkandrapid,likeariver;atthesametime,itthrewoutashowerofashesandhugepiecesofburningstone!showern.淋浴间；一阵；送礼聚会ashowerof一阵

piecen.块；碎片；部件hugepiecesofburningstone大块的燃烧的石头翻译：片刻之后，山上的云似乎向他们翻滚而来，云是黑色的，移动速度很快，像一条河流；与此同时，它“吐出”一大批灰烬和大块燃烧的石头！/Para.3Overtheemptystreets—overtheforum—farandwide—withmanyanoisycrashinthestormysea—fellthatawfulshower!圆周句，掉尾句句意：可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上、到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响。【圆周句、掉尾句】最重要的信息以主句形式出现在最后，次要的信息出现在句首。这种句式能抓住读者的注意力，在末尾形成高潮，有力地表达重要的信息。判断：下面哪句是圆周句？ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.Torepaircarsinthegarageishisjob.Itishisjobtorepaircarsinthegarage.√√/Para.426.beseperatedfrom与...分离bedividedinto

被分成...

/Para.4Eachturnedtofly—eachrunning,pressing,pushingagainsttheother.If,inthedarkness,wifewasseparatedfromhusband,orparentfromchild,therewasnohopeoftheirmeetingagain.Eachhurriedblindlyandfearfullyon.Socametheearthquake...andsoendedlifeinPompeii.beseparatedfrom与...分离采用了省略，还原：wifewasseparatedfromhusband,orparentwasseparatedfromchild.完全倒装：sotheearthquakecame,andsolifeinPompeiiended.10在脚下摇晃11在更远处12向某人翻滚而来13纷纷落下的火山灰14到处；各处15互相推搡16A与B分离shakebeneaththefeetbeyondinthedistancerolltowardssbashowerofashesImportantwords&phrasesfarandwidepushagainsteachotherAbeseparatedfromB9爆发breakoutPara.527.patternn.图案，花样，模式，范例28.columnn.柱，圆柱，柱状物；栏，专栏，队，列

LongafterfireandashcameforthepeopleofPompeii,theremainsoftheirbeautifulcitysurvivetoremindusthathumanlivesburnbrightandshort.翻译

在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，这座美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。Para.5/Para.5

Itswallswerefreshasifpaintedyesterday...(Line33)...thehalf-finishedcolumnsseemedasifjustleftbytheworkman'shand(Lines36-37)asif=asthough“好像”，可在look,seem等系动词后引导表语从句。Helookedasif/thoughhewasill.Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.它还可引导方式状语从句。如:Irememberthewholethingasif/thoughithappenedyesterday./①当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，asif从句用陈述语气。如:Hetalksasifheisdrunk.②当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，asif从句用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。如:Youlookasifyou_______________(notcare).Hetalksasifhe________(know)whathadhappened.Itlooksasifit________(may)snow.didn'tcareknewmight表示与过去或与谈话时间为止发生的事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。如：HetalkedabouttheGreatWallasifhe___________(be)therebefore.Thegirllistenedasifshe________________(turn)tostone.表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。如:Heisreadytoopenhismouthasifhe____________(say)something.hadbeenhadbeenturnedmightsayasif从句中的省略如果asif引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成份，这样asif后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)或动词-ing形式等。Heactsasifhewasafool.Hepausedasifhewasgoingtoletthesadmemorypass.Thegirllefttheroomhurriedlyasifshewasangry.Fromtimetotime,Jasonturnedroundasifhewassearchingforsomeone.1在某物上留下某人的印记2被有计划有步骤地发掘出土3旅游景点4四面八方地5最重要的是；尤其是6难以言表的恐惧7呈现…的形状8无法忍受的亮光9爆发leaveone’smarkonsthbesystematicallyunearthedatouristdestinationinalldirectionsaboveall

unspeakablefeartaketheformof…Importantwords&phrasesunbearablelightbreakout10在脚下摇晃11在更远处12向某人翻滚而来13纷纷落下的火山灰14到处；各处15互相推搡16A与B分离17几个世纪过去了。18沉寂的安息地19城市的遗迹shakebeneaththefeetbeyondinthedistancerolltowardssbashowerofashesImportantwords&phrasesfarandwidepushagainsteachotherAbeseparatedfromBSeveralcenturiesrolledaway.thesilentrestingplacetheremainsofacityPracticeⅡ达标检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Youcanseethetallbuildingat__distanceof20miles.2.Theboyexplainedthathediditjusttosatisfyhis_________(curious).3.Finally，thepolicerescuedtheboy_____danger.4.Thehouseis_______(locate)