2014职称英语(理工类)15篇完形填空--删除已考讲解

C第一篇CaptainCookArrowLegendItwasagreatlegendwhileitlasted，butDNAtestinghas(1)finallyendedatwo-century-oldstoryoftheHawaiianarrowcarvedfromtheboneofBritishexplorerCaptainJamesCook(2)whodiedintheSandwichIslands’in1779.这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个“Thereis(3)noCookintheAustralianMuseum，’’museumcollectionmanagerJudePhili1p779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克saidnotlongagoinannouncingtheDNAevidencethatthewwasnotmadeofCook’Sbone的.Bt骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。thatwillnotstopthemuseumfromcontinuingtodisplaythearrowinits(4)exhibition，在不久前DNA证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船“Uncovere：dTreasuresoftheAustralianMuseum,(5”)dwoheihincludeafeathercapepresented长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书·菲利普说：toCookbyHawaiianKingKalani’opu’uin1778.“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。”但这并不能停CookwasoneofBritain’sgreatexplorersandiscred(it6e)ddwisitchoveringthe“GreatSouth止博物馆在展览会上展出弓箭。“考古发现：澳大利亚博Land，"(7)nowAustralia,in1770.HewasclubbedtodeathintheSandwichIsland，snowHawaii。物馆的宝藏”展览中的确还展示了一个在1778年夏威夷The1egendofCook’sarrowbeganin1(84whenHawaiianKingKamehamehaonhisdeathbed国王卡兰尼欧普送给库克的一个羽毛斗篷。gavethearrowtoWilliamAdams，aLondonsurgeonandrelativeofCook’，ssyifeingitwas库克是英国最伟大探险家之一，他在1770年发现了madeofCook’sboneafterthef(t)alfightwithislanders.“南大陆”，也就是现在的澳大利亚。此后在桑伟奇群岛Inthe1890sthearrowwasgiventotheAustralianMuseumandthelegendcontinue(0)until被棒击致死。itcameface=to-facewithscience.库克弓箭传说始于1824年，当时夏威夷国王卡莫哈DNAtestingbylaboratoriesinAustraliaandNewZealandrevealedthearrowwasnotmadeof莫哈在弥留之际将弓箭赐给了库克妻子的亲戚，一名伦敦Cook’sbonebutwasmo(r1)likelymadeofanimalbone。saidPhilp.外科医生威廉正当斯，并告诉他弓箭是在那次致命殴打后However,Cook’sfa(1n2s)refusetogiveuphopethatoneCooklegendwillprovetrueandthat用库克的遗骨做成的。partofhisremainswillstillbeuncovered.astheysaythereisevidencenota11ofCook在19世纪’0bdw，a箭被交给澳大理亚博物馆。这(13)buriedatseain1779.“Onthisoccasiontechnologyh，as”wsoaniCliffThornton，president个传说直到与科学直接接触才停止。oftheCaptainCookSociety,ina(14)statementfromBritain.“ButI(1a5m)surethatoneofthese据菲利普说，澳大利亚和新西兰的试验室的DNA测days…oneoftheCooklegendswillprovetobetrueanditwillhappenoneday.试’证’实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨，而更可能来自动物的正如他们所说，有证据表明库克的遗骨并不是在1779年C第二篇AvalancheandItsSafetyAnavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithairandwater,downamountainside.Avalanchesare(1)amongthebiggestdangersinthemountainsforbothlifeandproperty.Allavalanchesarecausedbyanover-burdenofmaterial,typicallysnowpack,thatistoomassiveandunstablefortheslope(2)thatsupportsit.Determiningthecriticalload,theamountofover-burdenwhichis(3)likelytocauseanavalanche4)isacomplextaskinvolvingtheevaluationofanumberoffactors.ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot(6)gathersignificantlyonsteepslopes;also,snowdoesnot(7)flow造成，通常是积雪通常倾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡发生雪崩的opesHumantriggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnowsangleofrestis(8)between35and45degrees;thecriticalangle,theangleatwhichthehumanincidence也不会在平缓的山坡上快速滑动。当雪在静止状态下的角ofavalanchesisgreatest,is38degrees.Theruleofthumbis:Aslopethati9)flatenoughtohold度在35_45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。人为引snowbutsteepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle.发雪崩的临界角度是38度，是最易人为引发雪崩的角度。Additionally,avalancheriskincreaseswith(10)use;thatis,themoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiers,常规经验是：一个平缓的足以堆积积雪，同时陡峭的适合themorelikelyitisthatanavalanchewillplexityofthesubjectwintertravellinginthebackcountryisneversafeGoodavalanchesafetyisacontinuous(11)process,includingrouteselectionandexaminationofthesnowpackweather(12)conditions,andhumanfactors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanyshouldbeconsideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid(14)attentionto.Neverfollowinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsarealmostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainandnoteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare(15)missingordamaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeranavalanche.生变化。认真观察地动物的“第六感”2004年12月由印度洋海域地震引发的海啸造成亚洲和东非动物的“第六感”2004年12月由印度洋海域地震引发的海啸造成亚洲和东非表示，巨浪席卷印度洋海岛沿AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember,2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals,(1)however,seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.ThisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthatItheypossessastersexpertssaidSriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclr)lymissedwildbeasts,withnodeadanimalsfound.“Noelephantsaredead,nt4)evendeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan(5)sensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening.”H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSri斯里兰卡野生动物部门的副部长H·D，拉特纳亚克在海啸Lanka’sWildlifeDepartment,saidaboutonefloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheast,SriLankawildlife(7)reserveandhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards.“Therehasbeenalotof(8)apparentevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbefore里兰卡最大的野生动物保护区，生活着几百头野生大象和一些美volcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven,”Liseoidpttahneiavlan洲豹，海啸引发的洪水使亚拉国家公园所在的东南部地区变behavior(9)specialistatJohannesburgZoo.得一片狼藉。ntnt翰内斯堡动物园的动物行为专家马修·范·利罗普说。booksonAfricanwildlife.他对路透社记者说：“目前还没有这方面的专门研究，因为你suchaspredators.野生动物似乎能够感知某些特殊现象，尤其是鸟类。很多报告显示鸟类能察觉即将来临的灾难。克莱夫·沃克这样说，他曾经已知的官能来躲避危one3显示鸟类能察觉即将来临的灾难。克莱夫·沃克这样说，他曾经已知的官能来躲避危TheRomanssawowls(15)asomensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowersorattributes.看做拥有特殊能力或象征的“圣兽”。C第五篇SingingAlarmsCouldSavetheBlind警报器救盲人Ifyoucannotsee,youmaynotbeabletofindyourwayoutofaburningnyrunbytheUniversityofLeedsisinstallingthealarmsinaresidentialhomefor(3)blindpeopleinSommersetandaresourcecentre正在为位于萨莫塞特的一家盲人收容所和位于卡姆布雷nyrunbytheUniversityofLeedsisinstallingthealarmsinaresidentialhomefor(3)blindpeopleinSommersetandaresourcecentre正在为位于萨莫塞特的一家盲人收容所和位于卡姆布雷enablethebraintodeterminewherethe(5)soundiscomingfrom.DeborahWithingtonofSoundAlertsaysthatthealarmsusemostofthefrequenciesthatcanbe(6)heardbyhumans.“It’saburstofwhiten(o7iethatSheconductedanexperimentinwhichpeoplewerefilmedbythermal—imagingcamerastryingtofindtheirwayoutofalarge(8)smoke-filledroom.It(9)tookthemnearlyfourminutestofindthedoor(10)withoutasoundalarm,butonly15secondswithone.Withingtonstudieshowthebrain(11)processesoundsattheuniversity.该公司的戴博拉·威星顿称此种警报器使用人类可以一所充满浓烟的大屋应成像摄像机进行拍。进行研究，并提出与Shesaysthatthe(12)sourceofawidebandoffrequenciescanbepinpointedmore波段窄的频率相比，人们更容易发现波段宽的音响源。基easilythanthesourceofanarrowband.Alarms(13)basedonthesameconcepthavealreadybeeninstalledonemergencyvehicles.Thealarmswillalsoincluderisingorfallingfrequenciestoindicatewhetherpeopleshouldgoup(14)ordownstairs.Theywere(15)developedwiththeaidofalargegrantfromBritishNuclearFuels.指示人们上、下B第六篇CarThievescouldBeStoppedRemotelySpeedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinanastysurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobilizerandaradiosignalfromacontrolcentermilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengine1off,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.Fornow,suchdevices2areonlyavailableforfleetsoftrucksandspecialistvehiclesusedonconstructionsites.Butremoteimmobilizationtechnologycouldsoonstarttotrickledowntoordinarycars,and3shouldbeavailabletoordinarycarsintheUK4intwomonths.Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarincorporates5aminiaturecellphone,amicroprocessorandmemory,andaGPSsatellitepositioningreceiver6.Ifthecarisstolen,acodedcellphonesignalwilltelltheunittoblockthevehicle’senginemanagementpsrteenmttahdengine7beingrestarted.Thereareevenplansforimmobilizers8thatshutdownvehiclesonthemove,thoughtherearefearsoverthesafetyimplicationsofsuchasystem.IntheUK.anarrayoftechnicalfixesisalreadymaking9lifeharderforcarthieves.patternofvehiclescrimehaschanged,”saysMartynRandallofThatcham,asecurityresearchorganizationbasedinBerkshirethatisfundedinpar0bythemotorinsuranceindustry.Hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutesto11teachanovicehowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold.Moderncarsareafartougherproposition,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwillnot12allowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignitionkey.IntheUK,technologieslikethis13havehelpedachievea31percentdropinvehicle-relatedcrimesince置，一个几英里逐步应用到普通汽车上。并且应。信号就会告诉这个装置停撒策姆Butdeterminedcriminalsarestillmanagingtofindotherwaystostealcars.Oftenbygettingholdoftheowner’skeysinaburglary.In2000,12percentofvehiclesstolenintheUKwereusingtheowner’skeysdoublethepreviousyear’sfigure.Remote-controlledimmobilizationsystemwould14putamajornewobstacleinthecriminal’wybymakingsuchtheftspointless.AgroupthatincludesThatcham,thepolice,insurancecompaniesandsecuritytechnologyfirmshavedevelopedstandardsforasystemthatcouldgoonthemarketsoonerthanthe15customerexpects.现代车却远没有这么简单，因为它们的引擎管理计算机装置ta只kn接收到一个独一无二的由点火钥匙发送过来的身份密份才可助减少了31%的涉及车辆犯罪案。却还在一直想方设法偷车。例如很多时21%的车辆被盗案是由于主人的钥匙被盗，这个数字比前一年增，个群体已经为体更早地被很快推广到市B第七篇AnintelligentcarDrivingneedssharpeyes,keenears,quickbrain,andcoordinationbetweenhandsandthebrain.Manyhumandrivershaveall(1)theseandcancontrolafast-movingcar.Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself?Thereisavirtualdriverinthesmartcar.Thisvirtualdriverhas汽车。但一辆智能车如何进行自控?“eyes,”“b，ra“inan”ds”and，“tofe.Tthmini-cameras(2)oneachsideofthecar智能车中有一位虚拟驾驶员。这位司机同样有“眼”有“脑”arehis“eyes,”whichobservetheroadandconditionsaheadofit.Theyw(a3th有the“手”有“脚”。车两侧的微型摄像头就是他的眼，负traffictothecar’sleftanhdt.rTighereisalsoahighly(4)automaticdrivingsystem责观察车前方的路况。他们注意着车两侧的交通情况。车inthecar.Itisthebuilt-incomputer,whichisthevirtualdriver’s“brain中.也有”高i动化“r驾a驶in系”统。这就是内置的电脑，也就calculatesthespeedsof(5)othermovingcarsnearitandanalyzestheirpositions.是虚拟司机的大脑。这个大脑计算出车近旁正在运动车辆Basingonthisinformation,itchoosestheright(6)pathfortheintelligentcars,and的速度，并分析它们的位置。基于这些信息，它为智能车gives(7)instructionstothe“hands”an“dfeets”aotaccordingly.Inthisway,the选择最佳路径，并给出指示以让手脚做出相应运动。通过virtualdrivercontrolshiscar.这样的方式，虚拟司机就对车辆实行了控制。Whatisthevirtualdriver’besstadvantage?Hereacts(8)quickly.Themini-camerasare(9)sendingimagescontinuouslytothe“br(a1i)o.mItpletes虚拟司机的最大优点是什么?他的反应速度很快。微型摄theprocessingoftheimageswithin100milliseconds.However,theworld像头不断向大’s图td像rir据。他完成图像处理的时间为(11)atleastneedsonesecondtoreact12)Besides,whenhetakesaction,heneeds100毫秒。然而，世界上最优秀的人类司机也至少需要1onemoresecond.秒钟的反应时间。当他作出行动时，又多需一秒。Thevirtualdriverisreallywonderful.Hecanreducetheaccident(13)rateconsiderablyonexpressway.Inthiscase.Canwelethimhavethewheelatanytime虚拟司机的确很棒。在高速公路上，他可大大减少事故发呢?专家们警告说我们现在还不能这样做。智能andinanyplace?Experts(14)呢?专家们警告说我们现在还不能这样做。智能recognizethingsisstill(15)limited.Hecannowonlydriveanintelligentcaronexpressways.annygoatsthatgrowfromtheeggssecretedraglinesilkproteinshandiworkuntilitfallsapart,sometimesnotfortwoyears.Thesilkythreadisfivetimesstronger架时，它就用腿从一个空的喷嘴里勾出轻飘飘的丝线，放到肚子thansteelbyweightandabsorbstheforceofanimpactthreetimesbetterthanKevlar,a里面。避敌丝不粘，因此蜘蛛可以沿着它来回活动编织，从而来B第九篇Wonder阱。世界最棒的织网者可能是GoldernOrbWeaver的蜘蛛。雌性OrbWeaver以织出很细的丝，连被捕的昆虫都看不见。但却Spiderwebsaremorethanhomes,阱。世界最棒的织网者可能是GoldernOrbWeaver的蜘蛛。雌性OrbWeaver以织出很细的丝，连被捕的昆虫都看不见。但却spinnermaybetheGoldenOrbWeaverspider.ThefemaleOrbWeaverspinsaweboffibersthinenoughtobeinvisibletoinsectprey,yet(1)toughenoughtosnareaflyingbirdwithoutbreaking.Thesecretoftheweb’sstrength?Atypeoruspileiernt(2)silkcalleddragline.Whenthefemalespiderisreadyto(3)weavetheweb’sspokesandframe,sheusesherlegstodrawtheair是y坚韧得可以将一只飞入网中的鸟缠住而不弄断。threadoutthroughahollownozzleinherbelly.Draglineisnotsticky,sothespidercanraceback那么蜘蛛网为何有如此强的力度呢？有一种网丝有超强的弹Unlikesomespidersthatweaveanewwebeveryday,aGoldenOrbWeaver(5)reusesherandUnlikesomespidersthatweaveanewwebeveryday,aGoldenOrbWeaver(5)reusesherhigh-strengthhigh-strengthhuman-made(6)materialusedinbullet-proofvests.Andthankstoitshightensilestrength,ortheabilitytoresistbreakingunderthepullingforcecalledtension,asinglestrandcanstretchupto40percentlongerthanitsoriginal(7)lengthandsnapbackaswellasnew.Nohuman-madefiberevencomes(8)close.Itisno(9)wondermanufacturersareclamoringforspidersilk.Intheconsumerpipeline:High-performancefabricsforathletesandstockingsthatneverrun.Thinkparachutecordsandsuspensionbridgecables.Asteady1(0)supplyofspidersilkwouldbeworthbillionsofdollars–buthowtoproduceit?Harvestingsilkonspiderfarmsdoesnot(11)workbecausetheterritorialarthropodshaveatendencytodevourtheirneighbors.Now,scientistsatthebiotechnologycompanyNexiaarespinningartificialsilkmodeledafterGoldenOrbdragline.The(12)firststep:extractsilk-makinggenesfromthespiders.Next,implant强度比相同承受的力度比一种高强度的防弹衣力。一根单线可以伸长至比原始长度长40%以上，然后重新弹回至原来的长度，还像新的一样。没有一量的运动服和永不脱丝的长袜。试intheir(13)milk.“Theyounggoatspassonthes-imlkakinggenewithout(14)anyhelpfromus,应，它将是一个价值上亿的产业，但问题是怎么样才能生产出saysNexiapresidentJeffreyTurner.Nexiaisstillperfectingthespinningprocess,buttheyhope稳定的蛛丝呢？试图以养蛛场收获蛛丝是行不通的，因为生长在artificialspidersilkwillsoonbesnaggingcustomers(15)asfastastherealthingsnagsbugs.那块地方的节肢动物有可能会吞掉它们的这些“邻居”。Nexifa正在研制一种仿制入山羊的卵细胞中。由这些卵细胞发快地吸引住顾客，就像真正的蛛丝抓B第十篇ChickenSoupfortheSou：lComfortFoodFightsLonelinessastudyinPsychologicalScience,they’roodforyourheartand2emotions．Thestudy第十篇心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感动脉血管有害，但是，据《心理对心脏有利并且能抑制不利情绪。其graduatestudentattheUniversityofBuffalo,andleadauthoronthestudy．Thestudycameoutof“就我而言，食品在我的家庭一直是比较关注的问题”，tmayowGabrielwonderedifcomfortfoodcouldhavethesameeffect6bymakingpeoplethinkoftheirnearestanddearest.Inoneexperiment,inordertomake7participantsfeellonely,theresearchershadthemwriteforsixminutesaboutafightwithsomeoneclosetothem．Othersweregivenanemotionallyneutralwritingassignment.Then,somepeopleineach8groupwroteabouttheexperienceofeatingacomfortfoodandotherswroteabouteatinganewfood．9Finally,theresearchershadparticipants10completequestionsabouttheirlevelsofloneliness．Writingaboutafightwithaclosepersonmadepeoplefeellonely．Butpeoplewhoweregenerally11secureintheirrelationshipswouldfeellesslonelybywritingaboutacomfortfoodWehavefoundthatcomfortfoodsareconsistentlyassociatedwiththoseclosetous．"saysTroisi．"Thinkingaboutorconsumingthesefoodslaterthenservesasareminderofthosecloseothers．"In12theiressaysoncomfortfood,manypeoplewroteaboutthe13experienceofeatingfoodwithfamilyandfriends.Inanotherexperiment,14eatingchickensoupinthelabmadepeoplethinkmoreaboutrememberit.Throughouteveryone’dsailylivestheyexperiencestress,oftenassociatedwithour首席作者。该研究出自于他与ShiraGabriel合作的一个研究项目。西。有些人用诸如绑定虚拟的关系或浏览亲人的照片来排遣孤独。Troisi和Gabriel想知道爽心食品是否能通过使的一些人描写食用爽心食品正食用这种食品会提醒是在这个实验很久以A第十二篇FreeA第十二篇FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRiskStatinsreducethe3amountofunhealthy”LDL”cholesterolintheblood.Awealthofcalculatethatthereductioninheartattackriskofferedbyastatinis5enoughtooffsettheshakeFrancis心肺学院，是本次研究intermsofyour8possobilityofhavingaheartattack.Takingastatincanreduceyourrisktomoreorlessthesame9degreeasafastfoodmealincreasesit.”Itsironicthatpeoplearefreetotakeasmanyunhealthvcondimentsinfastfoodoutlets醇药物asthey10like,butstatins,whicharebeneficialtohearthealth,havetobeprescribed.Itmakessensetomakerisk-reducingstatinsavailablejustaseasilyastheunhealthycondimentsthat药物却是处方药。既然随意免费拿取，那么降低心脏病发作的are11providedfreeofcharge．Itwouldcostlessthan5pencepe2customer---notmuchdifferenttoasachetofsugar.”Dr．FrancissaidWhenpeopleengageinriskybehaviourslikedrivingorsmoking,they’rencouragedtotake13measuresthatlowertheirrisk,1ike14wearingaseatbeltorchoosingcigaretteswithfilters.Takingastatinisarationalwayof15loweringsomeoftherisksofeatingafattymea．l。服用降胆固醇药物是1Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto1死敌不是一件容易的事。人们2认为鲨鱼经常袭击人类。但鲨鱼在为地球水系和人类作着有价值2attackpeoplefrequently.Butthesefishperforma2valuableserviceforearth'swatersandfor的贡献。商业和捕鱼运动仍在威胁着他们的生存，有些鲨鱼面临3rethreateningtheirexistenceareatWarmweathermayinfluencebothfishandsharkactivity.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareas5armwatersExpertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareawhere活动。由于水温变暖，很多它鱼类，也来到人类游泳的peoplealsoswimInfactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumansTheyarethought意袭击人类。人们认为，由于鲨鱼将人tomistakeaperson7foraseaanimal,suchasasealorsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesup.Thosearethe8timeswhensharksarelookingforfood.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelrymaycausesharkstoattack.4arkhasanextremelygoodsenseofsmellItcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwateryliquidsandchemicalsproducedbyanimalsThesepowerfulsensesfoodSharkseatfishanyothersharksandplantsthatliveintheocean海游泳。专家还提到鲜againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks13recoverquicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythe人员发现鲨鱼受伤会很快康复，他们希望通过研究鲨鱼，找到一sharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease.鲨鱼有益于海洋。它们吃受伤的和生病的鱼。他们的捕猎活动使thatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo15great.Thisprotectstheplantsandother其它海洋鱼类的数目不会过多，这就保护了海洋中的植物和其它formsoflifethatexistintheoceans.ThemassivesubductionzoneearthquakeinJapancausedasignificantlevelofsoil"liquefaction"2thathassurprisedresearcherswithits1widespreadseverity,anewanalysisshows."We'veseenlocalized3examplesofsoilliquefactionasextremeasthisbefore,butthedistanceand2extentofdamageinJapanwereunusuallysevere,"saidScottAshford,aprofessorofgeotechnicalengineering4atOregonStateUniversity5."Entirestructuresweretiltedandsinkingintothesediments,"Ashfordsaid."The“液化“是日本地震破坏的关键冲带地震致使土壤液重的。所有结构都倾斜了shiftsinsoildestroyedwaterdrainandgaspipelinescripplingtheutilitiesandinfrastructurethesecommunitiesneedto3function.Wesawsomeplacesthatsankasmuchasfourfeet."SomedegreeofsoilliquefactioniscommoninalmostanymajorearthquakeItsaphenomenoninwhichsoilssoakedwithwater,particularlyrecentsedimentsorsand,canlosemuchoftheir4strengthandflowduringanearthquake.Thiscanal