2022-2023年辽宁省锦州市公共英语五级(笔试)真题(含答案)

2022-2023年辽宁省锦州市公共英语五级(笔试)真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、1.ListeningComprehension(15题)1.Accordingtothespeaker,whatdoesamanagerhavetotreateveryoneofhisstaffas?

2.PartA

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerQuestions1-10bycirclingTRUEorFALSE.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions1-10.

听力原文：DoItYourselfMagazineorganizesacompetitioneverysummertoelectthe“Handymanoftheyear”.ThewinnerofthisyeariSMr．RoyMiller.aSheffieldpostman.Ajournalistandaphotographerhavecometohishouse.ThejournalistisinterviewingMr.Millerforanarticleinthemagazine.

W：Well,I'mveryimpressedbyalltheworkyou'vedoneonyourhouse,Mr.Miller.Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingonit?

M：IfirstbecameinterestedinDo-it-Yourselfseveralyearsago.Yousee,mysonPaulisdisabled.He'sinawheel-chairandIjusthadtomakealterationstothehouse.Icouldn'taffordtopayworkmentodoit.Ihadtolearntodoitmyself.

W：Hadyouhadanyexperienceinthiskindofwork?Didyouhaveanypracticalskills?

M：No.1gotafewbooksfromthelibrarybuttheydidn'thelpverymuch.SoIdecidedtogotoeveningclassessothatIcouldlearnbasiccarpentryandelectricalwiring.

W：Whatsortofchangesdidyoumaketothehouse?

M：Firstofall,practicalthingstohelpPaul.Youneverreallyrealizetheproblemshandicappedpeoplehaveuntilitattacksyourownfamily.Mostgovernmentbuildings,forexample,havestepsuptothedoor.Theydon'tplanbuildingssothatdisabledpeoplecangetinandout.Weusedtoliveinaflat,andofcourse,itwastotallyunsuitable.Justimaginetheproblemsadisabledpersonwouldhaveinyourhouse.WeneededalargerhousewithwidecorridorssothatPaulcouldgetfromoneroomtoanother.Wedidn'thavemuchmoneyandwehadtobuythisone.It'soverninetyyearsoldanditwasinaverybadstateofrepair.

W：Wheredidyoubegin?

M：Theelectrical.IcompletelyrewiredthehousesothatPaulcouldreachalltheswitches.Ihadtolowerthelightswitchesandraisethepower-points.IwentontodothewholehousesothatPaulcouldreachthingsandgowhereheneeded.

W：Whatelsedidyoudo?

M：BythetimeI'dalteredeverythingforPaul,do-it-yourselfhadbecomeahobby.Ireallyenjoyeddoingthingswithmyhands.Look,Ieveninstalledsmoke-alarms.

W：Whatwasthepurposeofthat?

M：Iwasveryworriedaboutfire.Yousee,Paulcan'tmoveveryfast.Ifittedthemsothatwewouldhaveplentyofwarningiftherewereafire.Iputinacompleteburglar-alarmsystem.Ittookweeks．Thefrontdooropensautomatically.andI'mgoingtoputadeviceonPaul'swheelchairsothathe'llbeabletoopenandcloseitwhenhewants.

W：Whatareyouworkingonnow?

M：I'vejustfinishedthekitchen.I'vedesigneditsothathecanreacheverything.NowI'mbuildinganextensionsothatPaulwillhavealargeroomonthegroundfloorwherehecanwork.

W：There'sa$10,000prize.Howareyougoingtospendit?

M：IamgoingtostartmyownbusinesssothatIcanconvertordinaryhousesfordisabledpeople.IthinkI'vebecomeanexpertonthesubject.

ThoughPaulisdisabled,hemanagedtomovearoundinthehouse.

A.RightB.Wrong

3.Whydoesthewomanrefertofootball?

A.Toillustratemen'sinterest.

B.Toillustratethatmenusuallydonottouchuponanythingimportantintalkingabouttheirworkandinterest.

C.Toprovemenaremostlyfootballfans.

D.Toshowthatmenintentionallytrytoavoidtalkingabouttheirtruefeelings.

4.Dr.WilsonsuggeststhatWangshouldextendhisstayattheuniversity.

A.RightB.Wrong

5.Mr.Millerboughthishousesimplybecausetheflatheusedtoliveinwastooexpensive.

A.TrueB.Fasle

6.听力原文：M:Doyouthinkwomenaregenerallybetteratcertainthingsthanmen?

W:Well,itseemstomewomenaremuchbetteratdealingwithmorethanonethingatatime.Idon'tknowwhetherthishastodowiththedifferenceintheirbrainorwhetherit'sjusthowtheyhavetocopemoreoftenwithmorethanonething.Forexample,itisusuallywomenwhowork,havebabies,lookafterthebabiesandtakethemainresponsibilityforlookingafterthehome.Andmaybeit'spracticingallthatmakeswomenbebetterabletodomorethanonethingatatime.Men,itseemstome,canonlyconcentrateononethingatatime,includingboringdomesticthingslikewashingthedishes.Ifafriendofminewhoisamanwashesthedisheshe'llfinditquitedifficulttoconductaconversationatthesametime,whereasifI'mdoingthedishesI'malwaystalkingtosomeone,probablycookingsomethingaswell,andfindingthatnottoostressful.

M:Doyouthinkwomenaremoreinterestedinpersonalrelationshipsthanmen?

W:Generally,yes,thoughagainIdon'tknowifthisisbecausethatfromanearlyagetheyaretaughttopleaseotherpeople,whereasmenarealwaystaughttopleasethemselves.Ithinkrelationshipsaremorecentraltomostwomen'slives.Forexample,Ithinkmendon'thaveverygoodconversationswitheachother,whereaswomendo.Ifyoulistentowomentalking,oftentheywillbehaving,afterarelativelyshorttimeofknowingeachother,fairlypersonalandtruthfulconversations,whereasmenhaveconversationsnotaboutwhatI'dcallrealthings.Theywilltalkabouttheirworkinaverysuperficialway,ortheirinterestsinaverysuperficialway,forexample,andfootballisthe—um—justasortofwayformentorelatetoeachotherwithoutactuallysayinganythingimportant,itappearstome.

Accordingtothewoman,whywomenaremuchbetteratdealingwithmorethanonethingatatime?

A.Shedoesn'tknowthereasonexactly.

B.Becausewomenaresmarterthanmen.

C.Becausewomenhavemorethingstodealwiththanmen.

D.Becausemenalwaysrefusetodealwithmorethanonethingatthesametime.

7.Afterdeliveringthenewinformation,whyshouldthespeakeralsogivehisaudiencesometime?

8.PartC

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.

听力原文：Todaywetakeitforgrantedthatthemailwillbedelivereddailyatourdoor．Butmanyyearsagoitmighthavebeenplacedinatreetrunkorunderneatharock．Intheearlydaysofthemailnoonecouldbesureaboutwhereorwhenitwouldarrive．

AtthesoutherntipofAfricatherewasonceapostofficeunderarock．IntheolddaystheroutefromEnglandtoIndiawasaroundtheCapeofGoodHope．Thejourneywasstormyanddangerous．Ittooksixlongmonths．Sailorsoftenwishedtosendmailhome．buttheyseldommetshipsboundbacktoEngland．Soatthecapethesailorswouldgoashore．Theyheadedforacertainlargestone．Onthestonewerescratchedthewords“Lookhereunderforletters．”Theywouldleavetheirlettersthere．knowingthatthenexthomeward-boundshipwouldstopandpickthemup．

TherewasanotherpostofficelikethisatthesoutherntipofSouthAmerica．Duringthegoldrushdays，boatssailedaroundCapeHorntoCalifornia．AtCapeHornwasakegnailedtoapost．Boatscomingfromtheeastcoastwouldsendasmallboatashoretothispostoffice．Theypickedupanylettersinthekeg．Atthesametimetheymailedlettershomethatboatssailingeastcouldpickup．

InthestateofWashingtonstandsthestumpofahugecedar．It，too，wasonceapostoffice．Settlersneededaplaceforthemailcarrierstoleavetheirletters．Theirhousesweresowidelyscatteredthatthemailcarriercouldnotreachallofthem．andthepostofficewasfarawayoverroughroads．Sothesettlersfoundatreethatstoodwhereseveraltrailscrossed．Theycutthetreedowntenfeetfromtheground．holloweditout．andcovereditwitharoof．Inside,theynailedarowofwoodenboxes．Eachboxwasmarkedwithafamily'sname．Themailcarriercouldleavelettersthereforeveryoneformilesaround．

ForthefirstfewyearsaftertheEnglishcolonistscarnetoAmerica，therewasnoregularpostalservice．Peoplegavetheirletterstoanytravelerwhohappenedtobegoingintherightdirection．Oftentheygavethemtoapeddleroratravelingshoemaker．Whenthetravelerreachedthetownwheretheletterwasgoing，hemightstopataninn．Hewouldleavethelettersthere．Buttheretheystayeduntilthepersontheywereaddressedtohappenedtocomebyandstoppedattheinn．

WhataboutplaceslikeVirginiawheretherewereveryfewinns?Peoplewhowishedtosendletterswouldleavethematoneofthelargeplantations．Theownersoftheplantationwouldthensendthelettersontoaneighbor．Theneighborwoulddothesame．Itwasaslowmailsystem．

Aftermanyyears，regularmailcarriersonhorsebackwerehired．Theywentfromonebigtowntoanother．BetweenNewYorkandBoston，forexample．therewasone“postrider”amonth．Hetraveledonlybydayandtooktwoweeksforthetrip．Oftenthepostriderleftallthemailforawholetownatacrossroadsstore．ItstilltookmanyweeksforalettertoreachthepersonItwasaddressedto．

Finally，abouttwohundredyearsago，BenjaminFranklinwasmadepostmasterforallthecolonies．Hisfirstactwastomakealongjourneytofindoutthebestroutesforcarryingthemail．Thenhesetupalineofpoststationbetweenthenorthernandsoutherncolonies．Heorderedhispostriderstotravelbynightaswellasbyday．

Franklin'spostriderscouldcarrymorelettersinashortertimefromonecolonytoanother．TheletterservicehelpedtheyoungAmericancolonieslearnmoreabouteachother．Theylearnedthattheywereallinterestedinthesamethings．Thisgavethemthefeelingofunitythatlaterhelpedthemwintheirindependence．

9.Thedietsofthepeopleinthethreeregionsaretotallydifferent.

A.RightB.Wrong

10.Whataretheshoppinggoodsthatarebasicallyconsideredthesame?

A.Thosethatsatisfysimilarneedsoftheconsumer．

B.Thosethatconsumersdon'tcarewheretobuy．

C.Thosethatconsumersspendmuchtimelookingfor．

D.ThosethatCanbefoundeverywhere．

11.听力原文：DuringtheChristmasshoppingrushinLondon，theintriguingstorywasreportedofatrampwho，apparentlythroughnofaultofhisown，foundhimselflockedinawell-knownchainstorelateonChristmasEve．Nodoubtthestorewasfilledwithlast-minuteChristmasshoppersandthestaffweredeadbeatingandlongingtogethome．Presumablyallthepropersecuritychecksweremadebeforethestorewaslockedandtheylefttoenjoythethree-dayholidayuntroubledbycustomersdesperatetogetlast-minuteChristmaspresents．

Howeverthatmaybe，ourtrampfoundhimselfaloneinthestoreanddecidedtomakethebestofit．Therewasfood，drink，beddingandcampingequipment，ofwhichhemadegooduse．Theremustalsohavebeentelevisionsetsandradios．Thoughitwasnotreportedifhetookadvantageofthesefacilities，whentheshopre-opened．hewasdiscoveredinbedwithalargenumberofemptybottlesbesidehim．Heseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumourandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare．EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas，sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame．Hesubmitted，cheerfullyenough，tobeingtakenawaybythepolice．PerhapshehadabetterChristmasthanusual．Hewasputintoprisonforsevendays．Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed．Theyhad，inhisopinion，alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision．PerhapsthejudgehadagoodChristmastoo．

Thetrampwaslockedinthestore______.

A.forhisownmistakes

B.duetoamisunderstanding

C.byaccident

D.throughanerrorofjudgment

12.Chainsmakelearningflexible.

A.TrueB.Fasle

13.Do-it-YourselfhasbecomeoneofMr.Miller'shobbies.

A.TrueB.Fasle

14.Whyarestudentsenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizations?

A.Becausetheyhatetheconstantpressureandstrainoftheirstudy.

B.Becausetheywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversity.

C.Becausesuchpositionshelpthemhuntbetterjobs.

D.Becausesuchpositionsareusuallywellpaid.

15.Accordingtothetalk,onlyrealcharactersportrayedinbooksmaybecomeourfriends.

A.TrueB.Fasle

二、2.UseofEnglish(10题)16.(32)

17.(36)

18.RecentsurveysshowthatJapaneseyouthhavebecomea"MeGeneration"thatrejectstraditionalvalues.

"Around1980manyJapanese,【31】______youngpeopleabandonedthevaluesofeconomicsuccessandbegan【32】______fornewsetsofvaluesto【33】______themhappiness,"writessociologistYasuhiroinComparativeCivilizationsReview.Japaneseyouthareplacingmoreimportanceontheindividual'spursuitof【34】______andlessonthevaluesofwork,family,andsociety.

Japanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithwork,【35】______theircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993【36】______ofcollegestudentsinthethreecountries,only10%oftheJapaneseregarded【37】______asaprimaryvaluecomparedwith47%ofKoreanstudentsand27%ofAmericanstudents.Agreater【38】______ofJapaneseaged18—24alsopreferredeasyjobs【39】______heavyresponsibility.

TheyoungerJapaneseare.showinglessconcernforfamilyvaluesastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction.Datacollected【40】______theJapanesegovernmentin1993showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingaboutsupportingtheiragedparents,incontrast【41】______63%ofyoungAmericans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapaneseare【42】______bothrespectfortheirparents【43】______asenseofresponsibilitytothefamily.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechange【44】______Japaneseparents'over-indulgenceoftheirchildren,materialaffluence,andgrowing【45】______forprivatematters.

Theshift【46】______individualismamongJapaneseismostpronouncedamong【47】______veryyoung.

Accordingto1991data【48】______theBunkaCenterofJapan,50%ofJapaneseyouthaged16—19canbelabeled"self-centered"comparedwith33%among【49】______aged25-29.Toearntheself-centeredlabel,theyoungpeoplerespondedpositivelyto【50】______ideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisionswithoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and"Idon'twanttodoanythingIcan'tenjoydoing."

(31)

19.

【C12】

20.

【C8】

21.

【C11】

22.(44)

23.(42)

24.

【C3】

25.(39)

三、3.ReadingComprehension(15题)26.

Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat______.

A.manyrecruitinglettersfailedtoprovideMackReiterwithscholarships

B.mackReiterwantedtohelphisfamilygooutofthetrouble

C.traditionalscholarshipsareagoodsolutiontothetuitionproblemsinsomefamilies

D.mackReiterwasveryproudofhisnationalwrestlingchampionship

27.(76)

28.(77)

29.(72)

30.(74)

31.ThehistoryofresponsestotheworkoftheartistSandroBotticelli(1444—1510)suggeststhatwidespreadappreciationbycriticsisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.Writingin1550,VasariexpressedanuneasewithBotticelli'swork,admittingthattheartistfittedawkwardlyintohisevolutionaryschemeofthehistoryofart.Overthenexttwocenturies,academicarthistoriansdefamedBotticelliinfavorofhisfellowsFlorentine,Michelangelo.Evenwhenanti-academicarthistoriansoftheearlynineteenthcenturyrejectedmanyofthestandardsofevaluationadoptedbytheirpredecessors,Botticelli'sworkremainedoutsideofacceptedtaste,pleasingneitheramateurobserversnorconnoisseurs.(Manyofhisbestpaintings,however,remainedhiddenawayinobscurechurchesandprivatehomes.)

TheprimaryreasonforBotticelli'sunpopularityisnotdifficulttounderstand:mostobservers,upuntilthemid-nineteenthcentury,didnotconsiderhimtobenoteworthy,becausehiswork,forthemostpart,didnotseemtotheseobserverstoexhibitthetraditionalcharacteristicsofthefifteenth-centuryFlorentineart.Forexample,Botticellirarelyemployedthetechniqueofstrictperspectiveand,unlikeMichelangelo,neverusedchiaroscuro.

AnotherreasonforBotticelli'sunpopularitymayhavebeenthathisattitudetowardthestyle.ofclassicalartwasverydifferentfromthatofhiscontemporaries.Althoughhewasthoroughlyexposedtoclassicalart,heshowedlittleinterestinborrowingfrom,theclassicalstyle.Indeed,itisparadoxicalthatapainteroflarge-scaleclassicalsubjectsadoptedastyle.thatwas.onlyslightlysimilartothatofclassicalart.

Inanycase,whenviewersbegantoexaminemorecloselytherelationshipofBotticelli'sworktothetraditionofthefifteenthcenturyHorentineart,hisreputationbegantogrow.AnalysesandassessmentsofBotticellimadebetween1850and1870bytheartistsofthePre-Raphaelitemovement,aswellasbythewriterPater(althoughhe,unfortunately,basedhisassessmentonanincorrectanalysisofBotticelli'spersonality),inspiredanewappreciationofBotticellithroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld.YetBotticelli'swork,especiallytheSistinefrescoes,didnotgenerateworldwideattentionuntilitwasfinallysubjectedtoacomprehensiveandscrupulousanalysisbyHomein1908.Homerightlydemonstratedthatthefrescoessharedimportantfeatureswithpaintingsbyotherfifteenth-centuryFlorentines—featuressuchasskillfulrepresentationofanatomicalproportions,andofthehumanfigureinmotion.However,Homearguedthat.Botticellididnottreatthesequalitiesasendsinthemselves—rather,thatheemphasizedcleardepletionofastory,auniqueachievementandonethatmadethetraditionalFlorentinequalitieslesscentral.

BecauseofHome'semphasiscrucialtoanystudyofart,thetwentiethcenturyhascometoappreciateBotticelli'sa-chievements.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheRoleofStandardArtAnalysesandAppraisals

B.SandroBotticelli:FromRejectiontoAppreciation

C.TheHistoryofCritics'ResponsestoArtWorks

D.BotticelliandFlorentine:AComparativeStudy

32.

Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans?

A.Theycoverallthecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingmen,butonlysomeofthoseaffectingwomen.

B.Theylackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkersthatproposedspeciallaborlawsforwomenwouldprovide.

C.Theypaythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirthonlyforthespousesofmaleemployees,notforfemaleemployees.

D.Theymeetminimumlegalrequirements,,butdonotadequatelysafeguardthehealthofeithermaleorfemaleemployees.

33.

Theword"fib"inthefourthsentenceofParagraph5,probablymeans______.

A.totellthetruth

B.toreduce

C.toincrease

D.totellasmalllie

34.(69)

35.ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear'sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they'renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto."Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,"saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,"andthelackofredundancyinoursystem."

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmunere-sponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear'sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAventisPasteur)—andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn'tmuchtheothercandoaboutit."Avaccinemakercan'tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,"saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp."There'sawholeindustrythat'sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime."

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear'sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralbiotechcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals'Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatesthat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweek.That'snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Shortagesoffluevaccineshowthat______.

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluevaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

36.(67)

37.

______stationscanincreasetofullpowerveryquickly?

38.

Themainpointofthepassageisthatspecialprotectivelaborlawsforwomenworkersare______.

A.unnecessarybecausemostworkersarewellprotectedbyexistinglaborlaws

B.harmfultotheeconomicinterestsofwomenworkerswhileofferingthemlittleornoactualprotection

C.notworthpreservingeventhoughtheydorepresentahardwonlegacyofthelabormovement

D.controversialbecausemaleworkersreceivelessprotectionthantheyrequire

39.

Accordingtothepassage,thesolutionofferedbythetechnicianwas______.

A.effectiveB.economicalC.unpracticalD.unacceptable

40.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.thedropofcrimerateiscausedbyJackMaples'stwo-tiersystem

B.thedropofcrimerateiscausedbytheincreasedimprisonment

C.itisdifficulttoidentifytheexactcauseforthefallofcrimerate

D.theincreasedimprisonmentisnotthereasonforthefallofcrimerate

四、阅读理解(5题)41.

第

40

题

Thelanguageofthepassageismostly__________．

42.

第

33

题

provideslessonsforagriculture，trade，landuseandtaxpolicyfromaneconomicperspective?__________

43.

第

44

题

offerssomemorewaystodestroywhattheplayershavebuilt?__________

44.

第

24

题

Privacystandardsmadebyindividualstatesareineffectivebecause__________．

45.

第

30

题

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?

参考答案

1.Asindividuals．

2.B

3.B

4.B

5.B

6.A

7.Totakeinformation．

8.Intreetrunk/Underneatharock．

9.B

10.A

11.C

12.A

13.A

14.C

15.B

16.firstfirst解析：根据题意，作者想在这里做一个比较，而比较的对象是目的。这里作者仅仅给出了两个目的，所以这里是和第一个目的进行比较。故答案为first。

17.fromfrom解析：keepsth．fromdoingsth：意为“防止某事…”，为固定短语。

18.especiallyespecially解析：“Around1980manyJapanese，——youngpeople…”，“1980年左右许多日本人，尤其是年轻人…”，所以此处应填“especially”。

19.reasonsreasons解析：本段的第一句话提出问题，问为什么在结算处摆设了那么多的商品。很明显，后面的文章对这个问题进行回答，并列举了原因。故答案为reasons。

20.onon解析：此题也考查介词的用法，在电话中交谈，一般用onthephone。所以此处应填介词“on”。

21.toto解析：revertto意为“重想，重提”，此句意为“如果你经常提到‘我们以前已经试着这样做了，但是不管用’就会很快地挫伤这种好问的头脑”。

22.personperson解析：本句话的意思是“与此相反的一类人是那些想入非非的人。”根据上下文的要求这里应该填入man的同义词。故答案为person。

23.losinglosing