2019届甘肃省兰州第学高三9月月考英语试题

2019届甘肃省兰州第一中学高三9月月考英语试题说明：试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。第I卷（选择题）第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节：（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWe’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers,orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctorsoffices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved”?A.Takingbuses. B.Buyinghouses.C.Flyingwithanairline. D.Visitingamusementparks.2.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustratesA.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuing B.theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC.theuncertaintyofallocationprinciple D.thefairnessoftelephonicservices3.Thepassageismeantto__________________________.A.justifypayingforfasterservices B.discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC.analyzethereasonforstandinginline D.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumpingBNooneknowsforsurewhenadvertisingfirststarted.Itispossiblethatitgrewoutofthediscoverythatsomepeopledidcertainkindsofworkbetterthanothersdidthem.Thatledtotheconceptofspecialization,whichmeansthatpeoplewouldspecialize,orfocusondoingonespecificjob.Let’stakeamanwe’llcallMr.Fielder,forexample.Hedideverythingconnectedwithfarming.Heplantedseeds,tendedthefields,andharvestedandsoldhiscrops.Atthesametime,hedidmanyotherjobsonthefarm.However,hedidn’tmakethebricksforhishouse,cuthistreesintoboards,maketheplows(犁),oranyofotherhundredsofthingsafarmneeds.Instead,hegotthemfrompeoplewhospecializedindoingeachofthosethings.SupposetherewasanothermanweshallcallMr.Plowright.Usingwhatheknewaboutfarmingandworkingwithiron,Mr.Plowrightinventedaplowthatmadefarmingeasier.Mr.Plowrightdidnotreallylikefarminghimselfandwantedtospecializeinmakingreallygoodplows.Perhaps,hethought,otherfarmerswilltradewhattheygrowforoneofmyplows.HowdidMr.Plowrightletpeopleknowwhathewasdoing?Why,headvertised,ofcourse.Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.Thatsignmayhavebeennomorethanaplowcarvedintoapieceofwoodandasimplearrowpointingtotheshopdoor.ItwasprobablyalltheinformationpeopleneededtofindMr.Plowrightandhisreallygoodplows.Manyhistoriansbelievethatthefirstoutdoorsignswereusedaboutfivethousandyearsago.Evenbeforemostpeoplecouldread,theyunderstoodsuchsigns.Shopkeeperswouldcarveintostone,clay,orwoodsymbolsfortheproductstheyhadforsale.Amedium,inadvertisingtalk,isthewayyoucommunicateyourmessage.Youmightsaythatthefirstmediumusedinadvertisingwassignswithsymbols.Thesecondmediumwasaudio,orsound,althoughthattermisnotusedexactlyinthewayweuseittoday.Originally,justthehumanvoiceandmaybesomekindofsimpleinstrument,suchasabell,wereusedtogetpeople’sattention.Acrier,inthehistoricalsense,isnotsomeonewhoweepseasily.Itissomeone,probablyaman,withavoiceloudenoughtobeheardovertheothernoisesofacity.InancientEgypt,shopkeepersmighthiresuchapersontospreadthenewsabouttheirproducts.Oftenthisearliestformofadvertisinginvolvedanewlyarrivedshiploadedwithgoods.Perhapsthecrierdescribedthegoods,explainedwheretheycamefrom,andpraisedtheirquality.Hisjobwas,inotherwords,nottoodifferentfromaTVorradiocommercialintoday’sworld.4.Whatprobablyledtothestartofadvertisement?A.Thediscoveryofiron. B.Thespecializationoflabor.C.Theappearanceofnewjobs. D.Thedevelopmentoffarmingtechniques.5.Toadvertisehisplows,Mr.Plowright__________.A.praisedhisplowsinpublic B.placedasignoutsidetheshopC.hunganarrowpointingtotheshop D.showedhisproductstothecustomers6.ThewritermakesupthetwostoriesofMr.FielderandMr.Plowrightinorderto__________.A.explaintheoriginofadvertising B.predictthefutureofadvertisingC.exposeproblemsinadvertising D.providesuggestionsforadvertising7.InancientEgypt,acrierwasprobablysomeonewho__________.A.ownedaship B.hadtheloudestvoiceC.ranashopsellinggoodstofarmers D.functionedliketoday’sTVorradiocommercial8.Thelasttwoparagraphsaremainlyabout__________.A.thehistoryofadvertising B.thebenefitsofadvertisingC.theearlyformsofadvertising D.thebasicdesignofadvertisingCGeneticallyModified(GM)foodisunfortunatelybecomingmorepopularamongfarmersandfoodprocessors.Cropsarebeinggeneticallymodifiedtoresistinsects,plantdiseases,insecticides(杀虫剂).Plantsarealsomodifiedtolookbiggerandbetter.Unfortunatelytheendgoalisn’tprovidingnutritionforpeople,it’stoincreaseprofitmarginsandtomakefoodlookbetter.Infactmanymodernfruitsandvegetablesaretwicethesizeofwhattheyusedtobewhilehavingfarlessvitamins,andnottastinggoodeither.Nowresearchisshowingthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodmightevenbebadforyou.GMorganismsareorganismsthathavegenesinsertedintotheirDNAinordertooffercertaincharacteristics.Inthiswayyoucanmakeitbetter,ormakeitlastlonger.JeffreyM.SmithhaspublishedastudyaboutthedangersofGMfood.ItwasdiscoveredthatwhenGMsoywasfedtofemaleratstheyfoundthatalltheiryoungdiedwithin3weekscomparedtoanatural10%deathrate.Theiryoungwerealsobornsmallerandtheylaterhadproblemsbecomingpregnant.Astudyofpigsfoundthattheyalsobecameinfertile(不育)aftereatingGMcorn.ManypeopleareeatingGMfoodwithoutevenrealizingit.Thesolutiontothisproblemissimple.Humanbeingsexistedintheircurrentformforhundredsofthousandsofyears.Formostofthattimeweateadietconsistingofmeat,fruit,vegetable,fish,eggsandnuts.Thisisouroptimaldietwhichleadsustoliveahealthyandlonglife.Butoverthelast30yearsNorthAmericahasexperienceddiabetes,cancerandheartdisease.AllduetothemisinformationprovidedbygroupswhoworkonbehalfofthemanufacturersofGMfood.Thewaytoavoidobesity,heartdiseaseandcancerisbyeatinglikeourstone-ageancestors.9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatultimatelyinspiredthepopularityofGMcrops?A.Richnutrition.B.Uniquetaste. C.Highprofits. D.Energysaving10.Whathadwebetterdoifwewanttostayhealthyaccordingtothetext?A.Eatmorefruit.B.Bevegetarians.C.Eatmoregrains.D.Keeptraditionaldiet.11.Thetextisorganizedintheformof________.A.timeandeventsB.causeandeffectC.reasoningandargumentD.contrastandcomparison12.Wecaninferthatthelobbygroups(inParagraph4)arepeoplewhoare______.A.scientistswhogiveoutfalseinformationbecauseofcarelessnessB.doctorswhotrytoprofitfrompatientswhosufferfromunhealthyfoodC.workerswhotrytocheatcustomersforthebenefitsoffoodproducersD.agriculturaltechnicianswhoareresponsibleforpromotingnewproductDTheymaybeteenagers,but17-year-oldBrittanyBulland16-year-oldSesamMngqengqiswahavegrandambitions—tolaunchAfrica’sfirstprivatesatelliteintospace.TheyarepartofateamofhighschoolgirlsfromCapeTown,SouthAfrica,whohavedesignedandbuiltequipmentforasatellitethatwillorbitovertheearth’spolesscanningAfrica’ssurface.Onceinspace,thesatellitewillcollectinformationonagriculture,andfoodsecuritywithinthecontinent.Usingthedata,“wecantrytodetermineandpredicttheproblemsAfricawillbefacinginthefuture”,explainsBull,astudentatPelicanParkHighSchool.“Whereourfoodisgrowing,wherewecanplantmoretreesandvegetationandalsohowwecanmonitorremoteareas,”shesays.“Wehavealotofforestfiresandfloodsbutwedon’talwaysgetoutthereintime.”Informationreceivedtwiceadaywillgotowardsdisasterprevention.It’spartofaprojectbySouthAfrica’sMetaEconomicDevelopmentOrganization(MEDO)workingwithMoreheadStateUniversityintheUS.Thegirls(14intotal)arebeingtrainedbysatelliteengineersfromCapePeninsulaUniversityofTechnology,inanefforttoencouragemoreAfricanwomenintoSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics).ScheduledtolaunchinMay2017,ifsuccessful,itwillmakeMEDOthefirstprivatecompanyinAfricatobuildasatelliteandsenditintoorbit.Mngqengqiswacomesfromasingleparenthousehold.Hermotherisadomesticworker.Bybecomingaspaceengineerorastronaut,theteenagerhopestomakehermotherproud.“DiscoveringspaceandseeingtheEarth’satmosphere,it’snotsomethingmanyblackAfricanshavebeenabletodo,orgettheopportunitytolookat.Iwanttoseeandexperiencethesethingsformyself,”saysMngqengqiswa.HerteammateBullagrees,“Iwanttoshowtofellowgirlsthatwedon’tneedtositaroundorlimitourselves.Anycareerispossible—evenaerospace.”13.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Informationprovidedbythesatellite.

B.Thebenefitsbroughtbythesatellite.C.ProblemsAfricanagriculturefaces.

D.Thewaythesatellitecollectsinformation.14.Whyaretheexpertsteachingthegirlssatellitetechnology?A.Toturnthemintogoodfarmers.B.TohelpAfricanwomentolivebetter.C.Totrainemployeesforaprivatecompany.D.ToattractmoreAfricanwomentosci-techfields.15.Whatdoyouthinkofthegirlsinthetext?A.Ambitiousandpioneering.

B.Generousandconsiderate.C.Independentandmodest.

D.Braveandtolerant.第二节：（共5小题；每小题2Beforegoingoutsideinthemorning,manyofuscheckawindowthermometer(温度计)forthetemperature.Thishelpsusdecidewhattowear._____16____.Wewantourfoodtobeacertaincoldnessintherefrigerator.Wewantitacertainhotnessintheoven.Ifwedon’tfeelwell,weuseathermometertoseeifwehaveafever.Wekeepourroomsacertainwarmthinthewinterandacertaincoolnessinthesummer.Notallthethermometersusethesamesystemtomeasuretemperature.WeuseasystemcalledtheFahrenheitscale.ButmostothercountriesusetheCentigradescale.Bothsystemsusethefreezingandboilingpointsofwaterastheirguide._____17_____.Themostcommonkindofthermometerismadewithmercury(水银)insideaclearglasstube.Asmercury(oranyotherliquid)becomeshot,itexpands.Asitgetscolder,itcontracts(收缩).Thatiswhyonhotdaysthemercurylineishighintheglasstube._____18______.First.Takeaclearglassjuicebottlethathasacap;fillthebottlewithcolouredwater.Tapaholeinthecenterofthecapusingahammerandthicknail.Putthecaponthejar.Thenstickaplasticstrawthroughthenailhole.______19______.Finally.Placeawhitecardontheoutsideofthebottleandbehindthestraw.Nowyoucanseethewaterlevereasily.______20____.Asthetemperaturegoesdown,thewaterwillcontract,andtheleverinthestrawwillcomedown.Perhapsyouwillwanttokeeparecordofthewaterleverinthestraweachmorningforaweek.Weuseanddependonthermometerstomeasurethetemperatureofmanyotherthingsinourdailylives.Thermometersmeasuretemperature,byusingmaterialsthatchangeinthesamewaywhentheyareheatedorcooled.C．Nowthatyouknowthisruleyoucanmakeathermometerofyourownthatwillwork.D．Thewaterwillriseinthestraw.Asthetemperatureoftheairgoesup,thewaterwillexpandandriseevenhigher.Theylabeltheseindifferentways.OntheFahrenheitscalewaterfreezesat32degreesandboilsat212degrees.OntheCelsiusscalewaterfreezesat0degreesandboilsat100degrees.Takewax(youmayuseanoldcandleifyouhaveone)andmeltsomeofitrightwherethestrawisstruckintothecaptoseal（把..粘住)themtogether.G．Peopleusethermometerswhicharemadebythemselveswhentravellingaroundtheworld.第二部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwasraining.Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.21Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed22.Isawtheirbodies,butIcouldn'tfeeltheirsouls23theirsoulsbelongedtothe24.Istoodupandwalkedbetweenthetables.WhenIcametothebiggestcomputer,Isawathin,smallman25infrontofit."I'mSteve",hefinallyansweredafterIaskedhimacoupleoftimeswhathisnamewas."Ican'ttalkwithyou.I'm26",hesaid.Hewaschattingonlinewithsomebody--probablysomeonehedidn'tknow--and,atthesametime,hewasplayingacomputergame--awargame.Iwassurprised.Hewaschattingonlineand,27,hewasplayingacomputergame—awargame.Iwas28.Whydidn'tStevewanttotalkwithme?Itried29tospeaktothatcomputergeek(怪人),30notawordcameoutofhismouth.Itouchedhisshoulder,butnoreaction.Iwas31.Iputmyhandinfrontofthemonitor,andhestartedtoshout,"32!"Itookafewstepsback,wonderingifallthosepeopleinthecaféwerelookingatme.I33,andsawnobodyshowedanyinterest.34,Irealizedthatthepeopletherewerehavinganiceconversationwiththeirmachines,notwithpeople.Theyweremore35havingarelationshipwiththe36,particularlySteve.Iwouldn'twantto37thefutureofhumanbeingsiftheypreferredsharingtheirliveswithmachines38withpeople.IwasworriedandIsankinmythoughts.Ididn'teven39thatthecoffeewasbad,40Stevedidn'tnoticetherewasapersonnexttohim.21．A．Before B．Since C．Although D．While22．A．pain B．loneliness C．sadness D．fear23．A．because B．when C．until D．unless24．A．home B．world C．Net D．Cafe25．A．sleeping B．laughing C．sitting D．learning26．A．busy B．thirsty C．tired D．sick27．A．firstofall B．justthen C．atthesametime D．bythattime28．A．surprised B．delighted C．moved D．frightened29．A．once B．again C．first D．even30．A．but B．so C．if D．or31．A．excited B．respected C．afraid D．unhappy32．A．Shutup B．Enjoyyourself C．Leavemealone D．Helpmeout33．A．walkedaboutB．walkedout C．raisedmyhand D．raisedmyhead34．A．FromthenonB．Atthatmoment C．Inall D．Aboveall35．A．interestedinB．tiredof C．carefulabout D．troubledby36．A．computer B．soul C．shop D．geek37．A．tell B．plan C．imagine D．design38．A．otherthan B．insteadof C．exceptfor D．aswellas39．A．pretend B．understand C．insist D．realize40．A．asif B．justas C．justafter D．eventhough第II卷（非选择题）第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1。5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。Plovdivissituatedinsouth-centralBulgariaonthetwobanksoftheMaritsaRiver.Thecityhashistoricallydevelopedonsevenhills,someof41are250m(820.21ft)high.Becauseofthesehills,Plovdivis42(typical)referredtoinBulgariaas“ThecityoftheSevenHills”.Plovdiv’shistory43(date)backto6000BC.Thoughoriginallyitwas44Thraciancity,Plovidivhasbeenruledbymanyempiresovercenturies.Laterit45(conquer)bytheRomans.Onlyin1885didthecitybecomepartofBulgaria.Nowadaysit’sthesecond46(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic,educationalandculturalcenter..Plovdivremainsapopular47(choose)forvacationtravel.Ihavebeenobsessedwiththecity48years.LastsummerIwaslucky49(spend)acoupleofdaysinthiscityandIjustfellinlovewithitsnarrowpavedstreetsandneatbeautifulhouse!TheOldTownisdefinitelyworthy50(see).Itisoverwhelmedwithrestaurants,workshopsandmuseumsthatwerepreviouslyfamoushouses.第三部分:写作（共两节；满分35分）第一节:短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下列短文中共有10处语言错误，找出并改正。每句中最多有两处错。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。FangTongis34yearsold,anactor,directorandteacherofBeijingOperaTheatre.Mostofhisstudentsarefromotherpartof

ChinaandhavecometoBeijingataveryyoungageofsixteen

orseventeen.Hehopescreateanenvironmentforhisstudentsthatitismuchmorerelaxingthantheoneheusedto

studyin.Hethoughtthatanactorshouldrelaxhimselfwhen

performing.Yethisstudentsdeeprespecthimandhe

neverneedstoraisehisvoiceinordertobehearing.

Forhisopinion,actorsshouldgoonevenwhenthey

feeltheyhavemademistakeintheirperformances

becausethemomentisalreadygonebutpeoplecanneverbebacktoit.Soartisalwayschanginganddeveloping.笫二节:书面表达（满分25分）假如你叫王玲，今年参加了某大学自主招生。这所大学要求考生用英语写一封申请