20192020北师大英语选修八新突破讲义UNIT24SECTIONⅡLANGUAGEPOINTS

SectionⅡLanguagePoints(Ⅰ)(Warm­up&Lesson1)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Havinglosthisjob，he'dbeguntointeresthimselfinlocalvoluntary(自愿的)work.2．Howmuchcashdoyouplantodeposit(储蓄)inyouraccount?3．Thecountryisgoverned(统治)byelectedrepresenta­tivesofpeople.4．Insharingthissecret，youlightenyourburden(负担)．5．Thereusedtobeinequality(不平等)betweenmenandwomen.6．Nothavingbeencleanedforalongtime,lotsofdustaccumulatedonthetable.7．Therearemanypeopleinthebusandnovacantseats.8．Becausealotofpeoplewereagainsthisplan，hedecidedtoresign．9．Ihavemuchsympathywiththosehomelesspeople.10．Thebuildinghousesawideanddiversevarietyofantiques.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1．equaladj.平等的；胜任的→equalityn．平等→inequalityn．不平等2．voluntaryadj.自愿的→voluntarilyadv.自愿地→volunteerv．自愿做n．志愿者3．abundantadj.大量的，充裕的，丰富的→abundantlyadv.大量地→abundancen．充裕；丰富4．accumulatev．积累→accumulativeadj.累积的，逐渐增加的→accumulationn．积累5．adjustvi.调整；调节→adjustmentn．调整，调节→adjustableadj.可调整的，可调节的6．diverseadj.各种各样的→diversityn．多样性，多元体Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．onthedecrease 在减少2．comeintobeing 产生，形成3．betrappedin 陷入，被困在……4．ontheonehand...ontheotherhand 一方面……；另一方面……5．windsb.up 故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)6．betteroff 境况良好；富裕7．inthehopethat 抱着……的希望8．inamess 杂乱无章；脏乱不堪Ⅳ.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Don'tworryaboutwhatColinsays;he'sonlytryingtowindyouup．2．WhendidtheRomanEmpirecomeintobeing?3．Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcrimewasonthedecrease．4．Familieswillbebetteroffunderthenewlaw.5．Whentheaccidenthappened，theyweretrappedinthelift.eq\a\vs4\al([寻规律、巧记忆])in­＋n.→vt.be＋过去分词＋in→复合短语inability无能，无力inaction无行动，不采取措施inadequacy不充足，不足，不够beabsorbedin沉溺于beburiedin专心于bedressedin穿着……背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Notincreasedhappiness，butstressandlessfreetimetobeourselvesandenjoybeingwithourfriendsandfamilies.我们不是更幸福了，而是压力增加了，留给自己和与朋友、家人相处的时间更少了。not...but...不是……而是……，用于连接平行结构。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·短文改错)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarycafebutaveryspecial/one.我想要的不仅是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特殊的。2.Asasociety，it'shightimethatwetooktheseissuesmoreseriously.作为一个社会，现在正是我们应该认真考虑这些问题的时候了。It'shightimethatsb.didsth.到了某人做某事的时候了，that从句用一般过去式虚拟语气(或shoulddo)。It'shightimethattheycamehomefordinner.到了他回家吃饭的时候了。3.Jimshouldseeadoctorbeforeitgetsanyworse.在情况变得更糟糕之前吉姆应该去看医生。before为连词，意为“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。HeleftbeforeIcouldexplainittohim.我还未来得及向他解释他就离开了。abundantadj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的(教材P137)Therehavealsosadlybeenabundantcasesofviolenceathome.不幸的是，也存在着大量的家庭暴力案件。(1)beabundantin/with 富有……(2)abundancen. 丰富；充裕inabundance 大量；丰富anabundanceof 丰富的……①Chinaisabundantinnaturalresources.中国有丰富的自然资源。②Atthepartytherewasfoodanddrinkinabundance.宴会上有大量的食物和饮料。③Hawaii'snaturalbeauty,pleasantclimate,abundance(abundant)ofpublicbeaches,oceanicsurroundingsmakeitapopulardestinationfortourists.夏威夷的自然风光、宜人的气候、大量的公共海滩、海洋环境使其成为游客的热门之选。depositvt.&vi.存储；储蓄；寄存；使沉淀n．寄存物；存款；押金；沉积物(教材P34)Sometimeswetrytodepositalittleorchangeourmoneyintodifferentcountries'currenciesinthehopethatwecanmakeevenmoremoney.有时，我们试着储蓄一些钱或者将钱兑换成不同国家的货币，希望能够赚更多的钱。(1)deposit...in/into/on 将……存入；把……放在(2)makeadeposit(of) 办理(多少)存款putdownadeposit(on) 付(……)定金ondeposit (被)储存着①Iputdownadepositonacarlastweek.上周我付了汽车的定金。②Theyhavealotofmoneyondepositatthebank.他们在银行里存了许多钱。accumulatev.积累；堆积(教材P34)Inthisspendingcircle，ontheonehand，weaccumulatepossessionsbutneverfeellikewehaveenough.在这个消费怪圈里，我们一方面积累财产但是永远感觉不到满足。accumulationn． 积累accumulativeadj. 渐增的，累积的①Theaccumulation(accumulate)ofdataforhispapercosthimmanysleeplessnights.他用了许多个不眠之夜来为他的论文搜集资料。[明辨异同]accumulate/collect/gatheraccumulate着重强调量的“堆积、积累”。collect指有计划的、有条理的“搜集”。gather通常指把分散的人或物聚集在一起。accumulate，collect，gather②Peoplegatheredround，curioustoknowwhatwashappening.③Inthepastyears，theprofessorhascollectedalotoffactsaboutthisdisease.④Byinvestingwiselysheaccumulatedafortune.burdenn.重担；负担(教材P34)Instead，theyfeellikeaburdenbecauseeverymonthwehavetohandovermostofthemoneyweearntopayforthem.相反，感觉它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分钱支付它们。(1)beaburdentosb. 成为某人的负担(2)burdenvt. 负担；背负burdensb./oneselfwithsth. 使某人负担某事(3)beburdenedby 被……所困扰；承受……的负担beburdenedwith 背负着；负载着①Hersickgrandfatherisbecomingaburdentoher.她生病的爷爷渐渐成了她的负担。②Thegovernmentburdenedthenationwithheavytaxes.政府使国民负担重税。③Hewasburdened(burden)withaheavyboxonhisback.他背上背着一个很重的箱子。vacantadj.(座位或职位)空着的，无人占用的(教材P34)Surelywe'restillbetteroffthanthosewhowearragsandsleeponthestreetsorinvacantbuildings，but...当然我们仍旧比那些穿着破衣烂衫、睡在街道上或者空置的大楼里的人生活得要好很多，但是……avacantseat 空位avacantposition/post 空缺职位avacantexpression/look 茫然的表情vacancyn. [C](职位的)空缺，空职①Thenumberofvacantpostshaslargelyincreasedcomparedtothesameperiodoflastyear.空缺职位的数量与去年同期相比大幅增加。②Hestaredintospacewithavacantexpression.他茫然地凝视着天空。[明辨异同]vacant/emptyvacant作“空着的”解时，多指房屋、设备等未被使用、无人占用。empty作“空的”解时，则表示空无一人、空无一物等，即withnothinginit。empty，vacant③Thehousehasbeenvacantforaboutayear.④Thehousewasempty；eintobeing形成；存在；生存(教材P34)Iflawssuchasthesecameintobeing，ahugeadjustmentwouldberequiredandtherewouldcertainlybediversereactions.如果产生了类似这样的法律，那么生活就要做很多调整，反响肯定是各种各样的。comeintoforce/effect 生效；实施comeintoexistence 形成；存在comeintooperation 开始实行comeintosight/view 看到comeintofashion 流行comeintopower 执政①ThenewtaxrateswillcomeintoeffectfromApril.新税率将从4月开始生效。②Thenewtypeofcellphonecomesintofashionthisyear.今年流行这款新型手机。windsb.up故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)(教材P138)You'rejusttryingtowindmeup，aren'tyou?你只是在故意惹我生气，不是吗？windsth.up 结束(会议、活动等)windup(doing...) 以……告终；落得……的下场winddown 使逐步结束；摇下；平静下来，放松①Thegovernmentiswindingdownitsnuclearprogramme.政府正逐步取消核计划。②Weeventuallywoundupstaying(stay)inalittlehotelafewmilesfromtown.我们最后在离城几英里的一家小旅馆里落脚。resignvt.&vi.辞职；使听从；委托(教材P35)Hisbossinsistedthatheworklongerhourssoheresigned.他的老板坚持要求他工作更长时间，所以他辞职了。resignfrom/as 辞职；辞去(某职务)resignoneselfto(doing)sth. 听从……；顺从……(to为介词)resign...to... 把……托付给……①FiveprimeministershaveresignedfromtheirpositionsinJapaninthepastsixyears.在过去的六年中，有五位日本首相辞职。②Wehadtoresignourselvestomaking(make)alossonthesale.我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。)(教材P34)Asasociety，it'shightimethatwetooktheseissuesmoreseriously．作为一个社会，现在正是我们应该认真考虑这些问题的时候了。【要点提炼】It'stime(that)...“现在该……”，句式中time前可加high，about等修饰词，用法不变。其后接that从句时要用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，注意should不能省略。It'stimeforsth. 是……的时候了It'stime(forsb.)todosth. 该是(某人)做某事的时候了It/Thisis＋序数词＋time＋that...从句中用现在完成时It/Thatwas＋序数词＋time＋that...从句中用过去完成时①It'stimeforlunch.该吃午饭了。②It'stimeforustogo(go)toschool.我们该上学了。③ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisited(visit)Weihai.这是我第一次游览威海。语境自主领悟先观察原句①Weshouldinsistthatadvertisingismorecontrolled,especiallyadvertisingaimedatchildren.②Onapersonallevel,weoughttovisittheshopslessandworrylessaboutimage.③Asasociety,it'shightimethatwetook/shouldtaketheseissuesmoreseriously.④Protestgroupsareinsistingthatsomeofourmoneybegiventothethirdworld.⑤Iflawssuchasthesecameintobeing,ahugeadjustmentwouldberequired...后自主感悟1.句①、句②用情态动词should/oughtto表示“建议”。2.句③用Itis/was(high/about)timethat...句型表示“建议”。其中的that从句谓语动词用一般过去式或“should＋动词”，should不可省略。3.句④用insist表示“建议”，其宾语从句用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词”，should可以省略。4.句⑤用虚拟条件句表示“建议”。在正式的英语书面语及非正式的英语口语中，常用不同方式来告知人们我们认为他们该做什么，归纳起来，有以下几种表达说服的方式：一、英语书面语在正式书面表达中，下列表达方式可以强化“建议”。1．should/oughtto＋do...Youshould/oughttobrushyourteethbeforeyougotobed.你在睡前应该刷牙。WeoughttogoandseeMarytomorrow，butIdon'tthinkwewill.我们应该明天去看玛丽，可我认为我们去不了。2．当人们想要表达建议、命令或要求时，从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。这些从句可以是宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句或表语从句。OurteacherdemandedthatMary(should)finishherhomeworkwithinaweek.我们老师要求玛丽在一周内完成家庭作业。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkmorecarefully.他的建议就是我们做家庭作业时要更细心一些。[名师点津]“一、二、三、四”记虚拟：一个“坚持”(insist)；两个“命令”(order，command)；三条“建议”(advise，suggest，propose)；四项“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)。(1)suggest作“建议”讲，宾语从句用虚拟语气；若作“暗示，表明”讲，则用陈述语气。(2)insist作“坚持认为、坚持说”讲时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持(要求)”“坚持(主张)”讲时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamelandthathe(should)notbepunishedforitslost.那个阿拉伯人坚持说他从未见过那头骆驼，并且坚持主张自己不能因为骆驼的丢失而受到惩罚。Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill，andherfathersuggestedthatshe(should)haveamedicalexamination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父亲建议她做一下医学检查。3．It's(high/about)timethat句式中，that从句中的谓语动词常用过去式或shoulddo且should不能省略。It'shightimethatIwent/shouldgotopickupmydaughteratschool.我该去学校接我的女儿了。二、英语口语1．跟熟人交谈时用下列表达方式可以使“建议”听上去不生硬，具有试探性。(1)虚拟语气表示委婉、客气的语气，常用句型“IfIwereyou，I'd＋do...”IfIwereyou，Iwouldaccepthisadvice.如果我是你，我会接受他的忠告。(2)句型Ithinkyoushould/oughttodo...，表示“我认为你应该做……”语气稍强。Ithinkyououghttotellyourhusbandyou'repregnant.我想你应该告诉你丈夫你怀孕了。2.用下列方式可以强硬地对某人批评、责怪或提出建议，使用这种方式常具有权威性。(1)I'drather(that)＋一般过去时/过去完成时...I'drathershesetouttodotheworknow.我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。(2)You'dbetter＋do...You'dbettergiveupsmokingoryou'llendinhospital.你最好戒烟，否则你的结局就是住院。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．HeinsistedthatI(should)take(take)ataxi.2．IfIwere(be)you,Iwouldacceptthejobatonce.3．I'dratheryouposted(post)theletterrightaway.4．It'shightimethatwewent/shouldgo(go)tothelibrary.5．You'dbetterspend(spend)yourtimeonsomebooksworthreading.6．Thedoctorstronglyrecommendedthathe(should)take(take)aholiday.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Itisdesiredthatthebuildingofthehouseiscompletednextmonth.第二个is→be2．Thestudentinsistedthatwhathesaidberight.be→was3．IfIamyouIwouldplantsometreesroundthehouse.am→were4．I'dratheryougotomorrow.go→went5．You'dbettertoputthedressingtableontheleft.去掉toⅠ.单句语法填空1．Iguesstheywillmakeadjustments(adjust)tomysalarythismonth.2．Severalstaffmembersvolunteered(voluntary)forearlyretirement.3．Thereisaneedforgreaterdiversity(diverse)andchoiceineducation.4．NotJackbuthisparentsaretoblameforthehomeaccident.5．Hewastrappedinaburninghouse.6．It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeel