2020上海浦东新区高三二模英语试卷含答案

2020上海浦东高三英语二模试卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Atthebutcher'sB.Inarestaurant.C.Onthefarm.D.Inasupermarket.A.Bossandsecretary. B.Operatorandcaller.C.Librarianandstudent. D.CustomerandrepairmanA.Hemustattendaclass.B.Hemustmeethisteacher.C.Hemustfinishhishomework.D.Hemustgooutwithhisroommate.A.It'snotasgoodasitwas.B.It'sbetterthanitusedtobe.C.It'sbetterthanpeopleexpectD.It'sevenworsethanpeoplesay.A.Thewomanhasapracticalgoal.Thewomancansurelylivealonglife.Thewomanhastakentherightstepstostayhealthy.Thewomanshouldgiveupcheeseburgerstolivelonger.A.Anattractivehut.B.Asunnyday.C.raincoat.D.AlovelyhatA.He'snotgoingtocookhisowndinnerB.Heplanstodothesameashisbrother.C.Helovesthedinnerhisbrothercooks.D.Hewantstotakeonhisownresponsibility.A.ApplyingtoHarvardwillbefunB.HeisconfidentofgettingintoHarvardC.HehasnochoicebuttoapplytoHarvard.DThewomancangetthemanintoHarvard9.A.Thewomanisteachingthemanhowtocook.Thereisnothingthemancandotocookthedish.Thecookbookcontainsdifficultinstructionstofollow.Themanisgoodatfollowingwhatissaidinthecookbook.A.Thewomanistoobusytogotothedinner.Thewomanwilldefinitelygotothedinner.Thewomanwillprobablydeclinetheinvitation.Thewomanisaskingaboutthetimeforthedinner.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.BostonCookingSchoolB.TollHouseInn.C.Achocolatecompany.D.Nestle'sbranchA.Mixsmashedchocolatewithotheringredientsandbakedit.Coverthesurfaceofthecookieswithmeltedchocolate.Spreadbutteronsemi-sweetchocolatedesserts.Shapemeltedchocolateintothickpieces.A.Shekeptitasasecret.B.ShesoldittoNestle.C.SheappliedforapatentD.Sheshareditpublicly.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Theysupportvariouslivingcreatures.B.Theyreducegreenhousegasemissions.C.Theybringabouthugeeconomicbenefits.D.Theyprotectthecoastagainstmeltingice.A.AustraliaB.Canada.C.America.D.China.A.TourismwillfacestrongdeclineBeachlossesarecausingclimatechangeHalfoftheworld'ssandybeachescoulddisappear.BeachesplayanimportantpartintheecosystemQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.London.B.Barcelona.C.Madrid.D.IcelandA.Shewasscheduledtomeetmorecustomersinothercities.Hershipwasdelayedbythewindblowingsouthwards.Cloudsofvolcanoashthreatenedpassengers'health.Volcaniceruptioncausedherflighttobecancelled.A.Shetriedvariousmeansoftransportexceptthecoach.Shehadatoughjourneybackhomewithmanytransfers.SheenjoyedthelovelysceneryinvariouscitiesinSpain.ShemanagedtobookaticketwiththeBritishairlineatlast.A.Hepaidlittleattentiontothenewsmedia.Hedidn'tcareaboutmeaninglesspastimes.Hewasoutofemploymentfortoolong.Hewastoobusytomakepreparationsforit.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GreenSpringRenewsLife,sPromiseForme,twooftheloveliestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“Lifepersists”.Icameacrossthemyearsagoasacollegefreshman,sittinginthelibraryonabeautifulspringday,bored,workingonahistorypaper,Idon,trecall(21)Iwasresearchinginto.Outofnowhere,thosetwowordscame(22)(dance)offthepageinaquotebyGandhi,“Inthemidstofdeathlifepersists,inthemidstofuntruthtruthpersists,inthemidstofdarknesslightpersists”Afterthosewords(23)(read)againadozentimes,suddenlyIwasnolongerbored.Outsideinthesunshine,Ikickedoffmyshoesanddancedbarefootacrossaspring-greenlawn.Ilovespring.Andthisyear,Iwasespeciallyhungrytoseeit.FlyinghomelastweekendtoLasVegas,after10daysinCalifornia,IlookeddownonhillsthatweresogreenthatI(24)almosttastethem.WhenIapproachedVegas,thegreenturnedadulldesertbrown.Welandedaftersunset,andtheonlygreentobeseenwasneon(霓虹灯).Butthenextmorning,tomysurprise,I(25)(awake)tofindsignsofspringallovermyyard.(26)myabsence,allsortsofthingshadleafedandbloomed.Threedayslater,IdrovetoArizonatovisitafriendandgetyetanothertasteofspringseeingtheGiantsplaytheA’sinspringtraining.Thedriveacrossthedesertwascompletelygreat,avarietyofwildflowersandbloomingcactuses.Sometimesweneedthechance(27)(remind)thatwe,restillalive.Aftermyhusbanddied,afriendsentmeacardwhichread:“Just(28)youthinkyouwillneversmileagain,lifecomesback.”Lifepersists,andsodo(29)inthegreenofspringandthedeadofwinter,inthebirthofachildandthepassingofalovedone;inthewordsweleavebehindandtheheartsofthose(30)willrememberus.Springremindsusthatwe'realiveforever.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.affordableB.culturalC.drivingD.influenceE.materialismF.outward-lookingG.resultedH.shapedI.sharingJ.shiftK.specializedCuriosityandGlobalizationareDrivingaNewApproachtoTravelToday'spoliticalclimateandnegativeheadlinesseemtopointtowardsamoreinward-lookingglobalpopulation-mindsnarrowing,bordersgoingup.Butwithmorepeoplelivingandworkingoverseasandbecomingexposedtoinfluencesfromdifferentcultures,manyofusareseekinga(n)—31—,connectedworld.AccordingtotherecentlypublishedstudyfromCultureTrip,60%ofpeopleintheUSandUKsaythattheiroutlookonlifeisshapedbythe_32—fromdifferentcultures.Asasociety,wenotonlywanttodiscoverandexperienceothercultures,wewanttolearnfromthem,too.Thisisoneofthemanypositivesideeffectsofglobalization.Atthesametime,theeconomiclandscapeofthelastdecadehasresultedinashiftinvaluesawayfrom_33—,withyoungergenerationsmoreinterestedincollectingexperiencesthanpossessions.Welcometothe“newcultureeconomy”.Thecollision（碰撞）oftwotrends-globalizationandtheexperienceeconomy-has_34—anewattitudetotravel,withculturalcuriosityatitsheart.Thisisthe“newcultureeconomy”.Thephenomenonishavingapowerfulimpactonpeople,sinteractionsanddefinitionsof_35—exploration,andpresentsanincrediblecommercialopportunity.Whileglobalizationisusuallytalkedaboutinthecontextofthe_36—oftradeandcapitalbetweencountries,weshouldn,tforgetthatthe_37—forcebehinditallitpeople.Education,travel,exposuretoothercustomsandgeographiesandtheculturalintegration（融合）arethemoreinfluentialsocialeffectsofglobalization.Peopleareincreasinglylivingorworkingincountriesotherthantheonesinwhichtheywereborn-morethanhalfofrespondentsfromthestudyhavefriendslivingoverseas,allofwhichhas_38—inmoreinteractionwithglobalcultures.Also,studentdebtandunafford-ablehousinghavecreateda（n）—39—inspendingpatterns,andsoanewsetofvalueshasemergedinwhichexperiencesmattermorethanownership.Travelisabsolutelynecessarytomostpeople,slives-infact,nearlyhalfofallrespondentscutdownontheirdailyexpensessotheycansavemoneytotravelmore.For“generationrent”inparticular,nomatterhowexpensiveanexperienceoratrip,itisstillmore_40—thanahouse.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Communication,OneMajorPartoftheScientificMethodScientistsmayfeelittheirdutytosharetheirguesses,methods,andfindingswiththerestofthescientificcommunity.Thissharingservestwo_41—.First,itsupportsthebasicdealofskepticism（怀疑论）bymakingitpossibleforotherstosay,“Oh,yeah?Letmecheckthat.”Ittellsotherswheretoseewhatthescientistsaw,andwhattechniquesandtoolstouse.Second,itgetsthewordoutsothatotherscanusewhathasbeendiscovered.Thisisessentialbecausescienceisa（n）—42—efforts.Peoplewhoworkthousandsofmilesapartbuildwithanduponeachother，sdiscoveries.Thecommunicationofsciencebeginswith“peerreview”,aprocessof_43—anauthor，sscholarlywork,researchorideastotheinspectionofotherexperts.Ittypicallyhasthreestages.Thefirstoccurswhenascientistsseeksfunding-fromgovernmentagencies,foundations,orother—44—--tocarryoutaresearchprogram.Heorshemustprepareareportdescribingtheintendedwork,layingoutbackground,hypotheses（假设），plannedexperiments,expectedresults,andeventhe—45—impactsonotherfields.Committeesofotherscientiststhen_46—thereporttoseewhetherthescientistknowshisorherarea,hasthenecessaryabilities,andisrealisticinhisorherplans.Oncethescientisthastheneeded_47—,hasdonethework,andhaswrittenareportoftheresults,thatreportswillgotoascientificjournal.Beforepublishingthereport,thejournal'seditorswillshowittootherworkersinthesameor_48—fieldsandaskwhethertheworkwasdoneadequately,theconclusionarejustified,andthereportshouldbepublished.Thethirdstageofpeerreviewhappensarepublication,whenthebroaderscientificcommunitygetstoseeand_49—thework.Thisthree-stagequality-controlprocesscan,ofcourse,befaulty.Anyscientistwithindependentwealthcan_50—thefirststagequiteeasilybutsuchscientistsaremuch,muchrarertodaythantheywereacenturyorsoago.Thosewhoremainaretheobjectofenvy.—51—,itisfairtosaythattheyarenotdisapprovedaswerethosewhoavoidthelattertwostagesofthe“peerreview”mechanismsbyusingpressconferences.Ontheotherhand,itiscertainlypossibleforthestandardpeerreviewmechanismsto_52—.Bytheirnature,thesemechanismsaremorelikelyto_53—ideasthatarenotdifferentfromwhatthereviewersthinktheyalreadyknow.Yettheun-traditionalorunconventionalideasarenot—54—wrong,asAlfredWegenerprovedwhenhetriedtogain_55—fortheideaofcontinentaldriftintheearlytwentiethcentury.Itwasnotuntilthe1960sthatmostgeologistsacceptedhisideasasgenuineinsights.41.A.purposesB.dutiesC.interestsD.needs42.A.innovativeB.prospectiveC.cooperativeD.plain43.A.accustomingB.addictingC.restrictingD.subjecting44.A.projectsB.sourcesC.unionsD.departments45.A.strongerB.morelimitedC.moredramaticbroader46.A.LookupB.gooverC.longforD..callfor47.A.fundsB.fieldsC.impactsD.experiments48.A.differentB.chosenC.relatedD.academic49.A.substituteB.createC.judgeD.undertake50.A.reachB.markC.holdD.skip51.A.SimilarlyB.ContrarilyC.SurelyD.Therefore52.A.failB.functionC.evolveD.work53.A.conveyB.overlookC.rejectD.approve54.A.necessarilyB.particularlyC.dramaticallyD.terribly55.A.confidenceB.acceptanceC.strengthD.weightSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)ToBeaDeafDJIwasborninEnglandwithperfecthearing.In1990,whenIwasfive,myfamilymovedtotheUnitedStates.Istartedgettingearinfectionseverythreemonthsorso.Wedidn’thavehealthinsuranceatthetime,andwhenIgotathirdinfection,myparentscouldn’taffordthetreatment.Iwentdeafinmyrightearandwasleftwith50percenthearinginmyleft.Overtime,myremaininghearingdroppedto20percent,whereitistoday.MydoctorspredictedthatIwouldbethoroughlydeafbynow,soIthinkImdoingprettywell.Therewasalwaysmusiconinmyhouseinmychildhood.IlovedlisteningtoMetallica,LedZeppelin,MichaelJackson.MydadwasaDJ,soheplayeddisco,folk,rock,andmusicfromothercountries.Formy18thbirthday,mydadaskedmetodeejayattherestaurantbeowned.Afterdoingthatforafewweeks,Iwashooded.Idesiredtolearnmore.Ie-mailedDJShiftee,adistinguishedNewYorkCityDJ,whenIwas25:“Iknowyoulikeachallenge.Howaboutteachingadeafpersontodeejay?”Hewrotebackthenextday;“Challengeaccepted.”Hetutoredmetwiceaweekfortwoyears,helpingmedevelopcorrecttechnique.Ipracticedfourhoursaday.NowwhenI’mperforming,musclememorytakesover.WhenIstarted,Iwouldn’ttelltheclubmanagersthatIwasdeaf.Iwouldjustshowup,introducemyself,andstartplayingmusic.Attheendofthenight,someonewouldsay,“Oh,here,sthecheck.”AndI’dsay,“What?Oh,Ican’thear.”Theywerealwayssoastonished.SometimesIwouldbringdoctor,snotesbecausetheywouldn,tbelieveme.ItwasreassurancethattheyweregivingmeopportunitiestoperformbecauseIwasbrilliant,nooutofsympathy.Eventuallypeoplestartedcallingme“thatdeafDJ,“andthenamestuck.Whatfascinatesmeaboutdeejayingisthecreativity.Iusesoftwarethatturnsthemusicintolinesofcoloronacomputerscreen.I,mvisuallyhearingthemusic.Thenexttimeyougodancing,coveryourears,andyou,llstartseeingthatyou,reabletohearthemusicinadifferentway.Musicisnotallabouthearing.Ipayallsortsofget-togethersnow,fromcollegepartiestocorporateevents.Ialsogotoelementaryschoolsforthedeafandtalktothestudentsaboutmotivationandbelievinginthemselves.I'mbigontalkingtotheparents.Itellthem,“Myadvicetoyouisletyourkidschasetheirdreams.I,madeafDJ,sowhynot?”Whichofthefollowingmightresultintheauthorshearingloss?A.Monthlyearinfection. B.MovingtotheU.S.C.FamilyfinancialhardshipD.Thedoctors7prediction.HowdidDJShifteehelptheauthorduringhisyouth?A.Hetaughthimcorrectskills. B.HediscoveredhistalentforDJ.C.Heplayedattherestaurantforhim.D.Hecultivatedhistasteforforeignmusic.TheunderlinedexpressioninParagraph3“thenamestuck”probablymeansthatA.theauthorwasinlowspirits B.theauthorimpressedpeopledeeplyC.theaudiencefeltdisappointedbytheplayerD.theaudiencelookeddownupontheplayerWecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthorlovesdeejayingbecause.workingasaDJinvolvesinnovationmusichelpshimtoseetheworldvirtuallyhemotivatesthekidstorealizetheirdreamD.hedesirestochallengesomethingimpossible(B)FREEHomeschoolingIfyouarereadingthispageyouarelookingintohomeschooling.YAHOO!Soproudofyoufortakingtheroadlesstraveledforyourkids.Itmaynotalwaysbeeasy,butitisrewarding!123Home-school4Meisheretohelpyouonyourjourney!We’vegotlotsoftips,resources,andoveramillionpagesofFREEHome-schoolworksheets,gamesandlessonplanstohelpyouprovideasolid,fun,andaffordableeducationforyourkids!Letmewalkyouthroughsomehomeschoolingbasicsandhow123Homeschool4Mecanhelpyouhome-school!WhyHomeschoolingForsomeitisabettereducation,impactofbeingsocializedatschool,passingonyourfaith,spendingmoretimewithyourkids,helpingyourchildwithaspecialneed,makinglearningfun,oranynumberofotherreasons.KeepremindingyourselfWHYyouchoosetohome-schoolandmakethatyourprimaryfocus.HowtoHome-schoolDecidedtoHome-schoolaftermuchcarefulresearchandthought25ReasonsWhyWeLoveHomeschoolingFindoutthelegalrequirementstohome-schoolinyourstate--everystatehasdifferentrequirementsthatyoumustfollowtohome-schoollegally-HomeschoolingLawsinyourStateFollowanyandalllegalrequirementstohome-schoollegally(seeabove)Pickacurriculum-youhavetonsofchoicestofityourfamilyandchildrenHowtoChooseaHome-schoolCurriculumOurCurriculumChoicesPlanyourschoolyear-withanystateregulationsinmind,pickwhenyourschoolwillstartend,takebreaks,whatdaysoftheweekyouwillmeetandforhowlong,andwhatpaceyouneedtogothroughyourcurriculumtofinishinayear.UsetheseFreeHome-schoolFormstoorganizeyouryearHowtoHome-schoolin15HoursaWeekDon'tHome-schoolalone!Justbecuaseyouaren,tsendingyourkidstopublicorprivateschooldoesn,tmeantheywon,tbewithothersfromoutsideyourfamily.GettingSocialinYourHome-schoolStartteachingyourchild-Yourtaughtyourchildhowtousethebathroomandputontheirshoes.Youcandothis!Justdivein!Okay,sothatwassupersimplified,Iknow!Butreallythatisallyouneedtostartwith.Makesuretoreadthelinksaboveformoreinformationoneachpoint.HowtoStartHomeschoolingMakeHome-schoolFUNandAffordable!Thisiswhere123Homeschool4Mcomesin!Momleaveslittletimetothinkoffun,creativeeducationalactivitiesthatmakeconceptsstick.Plusthecosttobuycoolgamesandadditionalworksheetsforeverylittleskillcanbeunacceptable!We,vegotyoucovered!Thissiteisfilledwiththousandsofcreativeideasand1,000,000+FREEeducationalprint-ablestomakelearningfun!Accordingtotheabovematerial,123Homeschool4Meisprobably.A.awebsite B.acounselorC.amagazine D.anadvertisementWhichofthefollowingmightbeareasonforparentstochoosehomeschooling?A.Restoringthechild,sfaith. B.Gettingsocialinthehome-schoolC.Challengingtheroadlesstraveled. D.Tailoringthecoursestokids'needs.123Homeschool4Meislikelytobequiteappealingtothereadersdueto.simplifiedlessonplansandfunactivitiesinterestinggamesandaffordableworksheetsfreeteachingresourcesandpracticalsuggestionsdetailedcurriculumplansandfreehomeschooling(C)ChangingtheGameOnawarmSeptembereveninginLondon,TheArchclimbingwall,justsouthoftheRiverThames,ispacked.Scoresofpeoplewanderaroundonthethickcrashpads,chatting,waitingtheirturnandofferingtheoddshoutofencouragementtothoseclingingontothecolourfulclimbingwalls.Rockclimbingwasonceclassifiedasan“extremesport”.ButindoorcentreslikeTheArch,whichofferclimbingwithouttheneedforrocks,arebringingitintothemainstream.TheBritishMountaineeringCouncilestimatesthereareatleast248publicclimbingwallsinBritain,anumberthathasrisenby30%since2010.In2020thesport’sgoverningbodiesarehopingtoseeanevenbiggerincreaseininterest.Alongwithskateboarding,surfingandkarate(空手道)，rockclimbingwillbemakingitsfirstappearanceasanOlympicsportatthesummergamesinTokyo.TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)isfrankabouttheambitiontoappealtoayoungercrowdwhomaybelessfamiliarwithlonger-standingsportssuchasathleticsandweightlifting.ThecrowdattheArchisexactlywhattheIOChasinmind:mostlyyoungprofessionallettingoffsteamafterwork,whoseeclimbingasamoreengaginganssociablealternativetojoggingonrunningmachinesorpumpingironinagym.Betweenthem,thenewsportswillmeananother18eventsand474athletesattheTokyogames.Officially,allfoursportsaredelightedwiththeirnewstatus.Butwiththeexceptionofkarate,allofthemhavecounter-cultural,anti-establishmentroots.SomestarshavewonderedwhetheracceptingtheOlympictorchmeansgoingagainsttheirbeliefs.OwenWright,afamoussurfer,hassaidthatsurfingismoreartformthansport,andthereforenotsuitableforthegames-thoughhehassincegonebackonhisword,andhopestorepresentAustraliainTokyo.AdamOndra,aCzechwhoisoneoftheworld’sclimbers,saidhemightsteerclearofthegamesbecauseoftheformat.TheeventualOlympicchampionwillhavetomasterallthethreedisciplinesincludingbouldering(climbingwithoutarope,lowtotheground,withafocusonhard,gymnasticmoves),leadclimbing(ropedclimbingupatallwallofincreasingdifficulty)andspeedclimbing.Boulderingandleadclimbingfeaturenewroutesineachstageofacompetition,inanefforttoimitatethevarietyofrealrock.Butspeedclimbingtakesplaceonastandard,unvaryingcourse.Becauseofthis,saidMr.Ondra,“speedisakindofartificialdiscipline...andthisisagainstthesoulofclimbing.”Skateboarders,alsonotablyrebellious,canbestrikinglyyoung.SkyBrownissettobecomeBritain,syoungestOlympianandhassettleddowntotraining.BythetimeoftheTokyogames,shewillhaveturned12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutrockclimbing?ItoriginatedinTheArch,asportscentreontheRiverThames.Ithasevolvedfromamainstreamsportintoanextremesport.Spectator,sencouragementcontributestoitsrapidexpansion.Theincreaseinclimbingwallsreflectsagrowinginterestinit.IOCintroducedrockclimbingintotheOlympicsinordertofamiliarizetheglobalpopulationwiththenewsportattractyoungpeoplewholackinterestintraditionalsportsenabletheyoungtoletofftheirenergyafterworkchallengethedominantstatusoftraditionalsportsWhatcanyouinferfromthestarathletes7responsesaccordingtothepassage?SurfersareexpectedtostrikeabalancebetweenartandsportintheOlympics.Rockclimbersmustbeself-disciplinediftheyaretowinthechampionship.Adambelievesthatthesoulofclimbingconsistsinitsharmonywithnature.Strikinglyyoungskateboardershaveanadvantageoverotheropponents.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?WiththeadditionofnewOlympicssports,starsaredividedonwhethertoparticipate.Rockclimbing,skateboard,surfingandkarateareacceptedasOlympicssports.ExtremesportsathletesrebelagainsttraditionswhiletrainingfortheOlympics.Theappealofanewsporteventconsistsischangingforformatofthisgame.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Itallgoesbacktoeachcountry,sdistinctculturalheritage.Americanstoriesarerootedinrealism;evenourfantasiesarerootedinrealism.Bothboysarecharacterizedbytheiruniqueroles,thusbreathinglifeintothefancystories.Meanwhile,theUnitedStates,alsoamajorplayerinchildren,sclassics,dealsmuchlessinmagic.Britain’stime-honoredcountryside,withancientcastlesandrestfulfarms,lendsitselftofairy-taleinvention.Bothorphanstookovertheworldofchildren,sliterature,buttheirstoriesunfoldinnoticeabledifferentways.HowtheBritishandAmericanTellChildreiisStoriesIfHarryPotterandHuckleberryFinnwereeachtorepresentBritishversusAmericanchildren,sliterature,acurioussituationwouldemerge:Inaliterarycompetitionfortheheartsandmindsofchildren,oneisawizard（巫师）-in-trainingataboardingschoolintheScottishHighlands,whiletheotherisabarefootboydriftingdowntheMississippi,botheredbycheats,slavehunters,andthieves.Onedefeatsevilwithamagicstick,theothertakestoarafK筏"。rightasocialwrong.67ThesmallislandofGreatBritainisanunquestionablypowerhouseofchildrenisbestsellers:AliceinWonderland,HarryPotter,andTheLion,theWitch,andtheWardrobe.Significantly,allarefantasies.68StorieslikeTheCalloftheWild.CharlotteisWeb,LittleWomen,andtheAdventuresofTomSawyeraremorenotablefortheirrealisticportraitsofday-to-daylifeinthetownsandfarmlandsonthegrowingfrontier.IfBritishchildrengatheredinthedimlightofthekitchenfireplacetohearstoriesaboutmagicswordsandtalkingbears,Americanchildrensatattheirmother,skneelisteningtaleswithmoralmessagesaboutaworldwherelifewashard,obedienceemphasized,andChristianmoralityvalued.Eachstylehasitsvirtues,buttheBritishapproachundoubtedlycreatesthekindsofstoriesthatappealtothefurthestreachesofchildren，simagination.69Forone,theBritishhavealwaysbeenintouchwiththeirpagan（异教徒的）folktraditionsandstories,saysMariaTatar,aHarvardprofessorofchildren，sliterature.Afterall,thecountry，sveryoriginstoryisaboutayoungkingtutoredbyawizard.Legendshavealwaysbeenacceptedashistory,fromMerlintoMacbeth.“EvenastheBritishwerediggingintothesemagicalworlds,Americans,muchmorerealistic,alwaysviewedtheirsoilassomethingtoexploit,”saysTatar.Americanwritefantasiestoo,butnothingliketheBritish,saysJerryGriswold,aSanDiegoStateUniversityprofessorofchildren,sliterature.Hesaid,“70”Toproveit,hementionedDorothy,theheroineofWizardofOz（绿野仙踪）whounmasksthegreatandpowerfulWizardasacheat.Meanwhile,Americanfantasiesdifferinanotherway:Theyusuallyendwithamorallessonlearned-forexample,inOz,Dorothy’sjourneyendswiththerealization:“There'snoplacelikehome.”SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.Britain’sBusesareGettingEmptierInBritain,busesaccountformorepublic-transporttripsthantrains,tubesandtramsputtogether.Peoplelovethem,intheory:onepollbyTransportFocus,aconsumergroup,foundthat74%ofyoungpeoplethinktheyareagoodwayofgettingaroundand85%believeitisimportantforaplacetohaveagoodbusservice.Thereisjustoneproblem.Inpractice,Britionsaretakingbuseslessandless.WhyareLondonbusesemptier?Onethingthathaschangedisyoungpeople’sbehavior.Theyoungareheavybususerswhenth