2020-2021学年人教版选修八UNIT1ALANDOFDIVERSITYLEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE课时作业

Unit1AlandofdiversityLearningaboutlanguage课时作业第一节阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABookWormCulturalHomestayProgramSTAYINTHEASIANCOUNTRYOFYOURCHOICEFOR3MONTHSOurprogramgivesyouthechancetoimproveyourAsianlanguageskills(orstartlearninganewlanguage)aswellasdiscoveringmoreaboutthecountryyouarevisiting.Youwilllivewithalocalfamilyspeciallychosenforyoubasedonyoursharedinterests.Inreturnforteachingthefamily’schildrenEnglishforaround2hourseachday,youwillbegiventhechancetoexperiencethelocallanguageandculture.Youwillalsoreceive400dollarspocketmoneyeachmonth,aswellasfreeplaneticketstoandfromthecountryyouvisit.ABOUTTHEPROGRAMTOTAKEPARTYOUMUST:HaveacurrentpassportBeaseniormiddleschooloruniversitystudentBebetween16and25yearsoldHaveexcellentEnglishlanguageskillsBeopentootherculturesBeinterestedinAsiancultureBOOKWORMWILLGIVEYOU:FreereturntickettothecountryyouchooseLocallanguagelessons(6hoursperweek)YourownprivatebedroomwithfreeInternetPocketmoney($400amonth)AlocalphonecardAirportpickup,welcomedinnerand3-daycitytourForafulllistofparticipatingcountriesanddetailsabouthowtoapplypleasevisitourwebsiteat:1.Whywouldahomestayfamilyprobablywanttotakepartinthisprogram?A.Theyareeagertosharetheirinterests.B.Theyarepaidtodosobythecompany.C.Theywishtotraveltoothercountrieslater.D.TheywanttheirownchildrentolearnEnglish.2.WhoCANNOTtakepartintheprogramasahomestayvisitor?A.SomeonewhoalreadyspeaksanAsianlanguage.B.Astudentthathastakenpartintheprogrambefore.C.A24-year-oldmiddleschoolEnglishteacherfromBritain.D.Astudentborninanon-Englishlanguagespeakingcountry.3.Whatwilleachhomestayvisitorreceiveforfreeaspartoftheprogram?A.AmobilephoneB.Areturnairplaneticket.C.Threerestaurantmealsaday.D.Citywidebusandtraintravel.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一项活动，可以在所选择的亚洲国家生活三个月。并从价格、及各种注意事项等方面介绍了这项活动的具体信息。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一部分中“Inreturnforteachingthefamily’schildrenEnglishforaround2hourseachday,youwillbegiventhechancetoexperiencethelocallanguageandculture.”作为每天为家人的孩子提供2个小时左右的英语教学的回报，你将有机会体验当地的语言和文化。可知寄宿家庭可能想参加这个计划的原因是他们希望自己的孩子学习英语。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分中“Beaseniormiddleschooloruniversitystudent”是高中或大学生。可知C项“A24-year-oldmiddleschoolEnglishteacherfromBritain.”一位来自英国的24岁中学英语老师不符合条件。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分中“Freereturntickettothecountryyouchoose”免费回程机票到你选择的国家。可知作为计划的一部分，每位寄宿家庭访客均可免费获得回程机票。故选B项。【点睛】BMostkidscanwalkintoalibraryorbookstoreandfindhundredsofbookstoread.Butit’snotthatsimpleforkidswhoareblind.Theyreadinadifferentway.JennyLeeandotherbraille(盲文)transcriberstaketheprintedwordsofabookandchangethemintoacodeofraiseddots.Blindpeoplecanreadthesedotswiththeirfingers.Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe’deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.Shetookaclassandpractisedhardforaboutsixmonthsbeforeshepassedthefinalexam:shehadtoconvert35pagesofabookintobraille.Today,Leeworksforapublisher.Oneofherjobsistochangechildren’sbooksintobraille.Todothis,Leefirsttypesthestoryintoacomputerandthenusesacomputerprogramtotranslateitintothebraillecode.Next,shelooksoverthetranslationseveraltimestomakesureit’smistake-free.Afterthat,acopyofthebraillestoryisprintedwithaspecialprinter.ThenLeeandaproofreaderworktogethertofindandcorrectanymistakes.Whenabookisready,manycopiesofitareprinted.Afterwards,somearesoldthroughwebsitesandothersaresenttolibraries.Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That’swhenLeetakesabreak.SeveralofJennyLee’sco-workers,whoareblind,useguidedogs.Whentheanimalsaren’tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.Toher,playingwithdogs“isalwaysapick-me-upinthemiddleoftheday”.“Ilovethismission,”Leesays.“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekid’shands.”4.Howdoesthewriterexplainwhatbraillefeelslike?A.Byexplainingwhatbraillewordslooklike.B.Bydescribinghowblindpeoplereadbooks.C.Byaskingreaderstoexperienceitthemselves.D.Bygivingexamplesofdifferentbraillewords5.WhatwasLee’sfirstreactiontobraille?A.Shewasexcitedtogetanewskill.B.Shewasamazedatthecleveridea.C.Sherealizedshecouldteachitherself.D.Shebelieveditwouldbedifficulttolearn.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pick-me-up”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Adiscussiontoreleaseworkstress.B.Somethingtoimproveone’sappetite.C.Somethingtohelprestoreone’sspirit.D.Afreerideaccompaniedwithaguidedog.7.WhatdoesLeethinkofherjob?A.Profitableandhopeful. B.Tiringbutmeaningful.C.Relaxingandhelpful. D.Boringbutchallenging.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了JennyLee和其他盲文转录员成功使用电脑程序将故事文字转换为盲文的经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.”要了解盲文的感觉，请拿一支圆珠笔并用力压在一张纸上。现在，将纸张翻转过来，然后触摸笔尖产生的凸起点。可知作者通过让读者亲身感受的方式解释盲文是什么。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe’deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.”当Lee第一次看到盲文字母的点时，她想知道自己是否能够轻松阅读和书写它们。可知意在表明Lee对盲文的第一反应是觉得很难学会。故选D项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That’swhenLeetakesabreak.”有时，一次又一次地重复一个故事会很累。Lee会休息一下。以及“Whentheanimalsaren’tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.”当动物不工作时，Lee喜欢和他们玩几分钟。可推知，对她来说，和狗一起玩一直是中午时段能令人放松的时刻。C项“Somethingtohelprestoreone’sspirit.”意为可以帮助恢复精力的东西。切合语境。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.”有时，一次又一次地重复一个故事会很累。以及最后一段中“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekid’shands.”通过我的脑力和手指，我将盲文的圆点送到了一些孩子的手中。意在表明作者认为她的工作是累人但有意义的。故选B项。【点睛】CTransportationshapestheworld:alongwithcommunications,itformsaglobalnetthatconnectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountrytocountry.Transportationroutesaswellasvehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadofeverycivilization.Acountry’seconomydependsonreliabletransportation.Citiesspreadoutalongroads,rivers,andrails,sodoesinformation.Untilthe20thcentury,theserouteswereconfinedtolandorwater.Withtheinventionofpoweredflight,theairbecameanopenroadaswell.Theearliestwayoftravelingwasundoubtedlybyfoot,andhumans’earliestmeansoftransportinggoodswascarryingloadsontheirbackorhead.By4000B.C.,peoplewereusingdomesticatedanimalsfortransport,amethodgreatlyimprovedinsomepartsoftheworldbytheinventionofthewheel,probablyfirstdevelopedaround3500B.C..Untilthe19thcentury,animalsweretheenginesoflandtransportation.Butwiththeinventionofthesteamengineandtheinternalcombustionengine,railroadsandautomobilesrevolutionizedtravelandtrade.Morethan600millioncarsandtruckstraveltheworldtoday.Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeoftravel,andeventodayitremainsaprimarymoverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterwaystohumancivilizationcanbeseenonanymap:almostalloftheworld’smajorcitiesarelocatedoncoastlinesorrivers.Asearlyas7000B.C.,peoplewerebuildingcanoes;long-distanceshipswerecommonby3000B.C.Untilthe1950s,shipswerethechiefmeansofoverseaspassengertravel.AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightinballoonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnotpracticaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightbytheWrightbrothersin1903.Withintenyears,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshadbegun.Sincethe20thcentury,high-speedrailhasbecomeanotherconvenientwayoftravel.Today,two-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailtrackisinChina,whichmeasuresnearly30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby2025.8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Technologicaladvancementsintransportovertime.B.Theinfluenceofeconomicactivitiesontransportation.C.Therelationshipbetweentransportationandinformationflows.D.Reasonswhylandandseatransportationrouteswereimportant.9.Whydoesthewritermentionthelocationoftheworld’smajorcities?A.Toencouragemorepeopletomovetobigcities.B.Toexplainwhyboatsandshipscontinuetobeirreplaceable.C.Torecommendwaterasaconvenientandcheapformoftransportation.D.Toemphasizethecontributionofwatertransporttohumandevelopment.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutairtravel?A.Balloonsusedtobeonepopularwayofairtravel.B.TheMontgolfierbrothersinventedpoweredflight.C.Theinventionofairplaneshelpedpopularizeairtravel.D.Airtravelbecamewidespreadsoonaftertheballoonwasinvented.11.Whatisthetotallengthofhigh-speedrailtrackintheworldtoday?A.About57,000kms. B.About45,000kms.C.About38,000kms. D.About30,000kms.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了交通随着技术的发展而进步，且列举了水路、火车、航空以及高铁这几种交通方式随着时间推移而进步。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Transportationshapestheworld:alongwithcommunications,itformsaglobalnetthatconnectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountrytocountry.Transportationroutesaswellasvehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadofeverycivilization.”可知交通塑造了世界:与通讯一起，它形成了一个连接人与人、城市与城市、国家与国家的全球网络。交通路线和交通工具对每一种文明的运作和传播都至关重要。结合文章主要说明了交通随着技术的发展而进步，列举了水路、火车、航空以及高铁这几种交通方式随着时间推移而进步。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是随着时间的推移，交通技术的进步。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeoftravel,andeventodayitremainsaprimarymoverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterwaystohumancivilizationcanbeseenonanymap:almostalloftheworld’smajorcitiesarelocatedoncoastlinesorrivers.”可知水一直是一种快捷高效的运输方式，即使在今天，它仍然是重型货物的主要运输方式。水路对人类文明的重要性可以在任何地图上看到：几乎所有的世界主要城市都位于海岸线或河流上。由此可推知，作者提到世界主要城市的位置，是为了强调水运对人类发展的贡献。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightinballoonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnotpracticaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightbytheWrightbrothersin1903.Withintenyears,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshadbegun.”可知尽管18世纪的时候，蒙哥菲耶兄弟就用气球飞行了，但是直到1903年莱特兄弟发明了动力飞机，航空旅行才变得实用起来。不到十年，商业航空运输业务开始了。由此可知，飞机的发明促进了航空旅行的普及。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Today,two-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailtrackisinChina,whichmeasuresnearly30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby2025.”可知如今，世界上三分之二的高速铁路在中国，总长近3万公里，预计到2025年，这一数字将达到3.8万公里。由此可知，当今世界高速铁路的总长度约（3除以2/3）4.5万公里。故选B。DIt’slateintheevening,timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinuesinyourdreams.Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandtheoftenstrangeimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearnedimprovesperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularideathatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit).What’smore,dreamingmaybeanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn.Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural(神经的)virtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreplaycanbeseeninavideoresearchersmaderecentlyaboutsleepdisorders.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestopatientssufferingfromsleepwalkingandrelatedconditions.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept.Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,onefemalepatientonthetapeperformsthedancemovesshelearnedearlier.Thisshowsthatwhileourbodiesareatrest,ourbrainsaredrawingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatmaterialintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow.Ina2010study,researchersreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermaze(迷宫)tasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytofindtheirwaythroughthemazecomparedwithparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.Thatstudy’schiefresearcherHerbertSmithsuggestedthatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheprobabilityofdreamingaboutthematerial.Thinkaboutthatasyougotosleeptonight.12.Whathappenswhenoneentersadreamstate?A.Thebodycontinuestoactasifthesleeperwereawake.B.Theneuralactivityofthebrainwillbecomeintensified.C.Thebrainonceagainexperiencesthelearningactivitiesoftheday.D.Thebrainbehavesasifitwereplayingavirtualrealityvideogame.13.Whatdoesthebraindowhilewearesleeping?A.Itreplacesoldinformationwithnewmaterial.B.Itprocessesandabsorbsnewlyacquiredinformation.C.Itregroupsinformationandplacesitindifferentfiles.D.Itsystematizesalltheinformationcollectedduringtheday.14.HowcanlearningbeenhancedaccordingtoHerbertSmith?A.Stayinguplatebeforefinallygoingtobed.B.Havingaperiodofsleeprightafterstudying.C.Havingadreamaboutanythingyouareinterestedin.D.Thinkingaboutthechancesofdreamingaboutthematerial.15.Whatistheresearchdiscussedinthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howstudyaffectspeople’sdreams.B.Whypeoplelearnmoreaftersleeping.C.Whattimestudentsshouldstudyandsleep.D.Howdreamingmayleadtoimprovedlearningoutcomes.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。“日有所思，夜有所梦”能让你学习更好。本文通过讲述一项研究阐述了做梦如何让你的学习效果得到提高。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural(神经的)virtualreality.(研究表明，当我们睡觉的时候，大脑会回放它在清醒时间所经历的活动模式，让我们进入一位心理学家所说的神经虚拟现实)”，句子中的“thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwaking