托福基础语法公开课获奖课件

三大从句第1页三大类从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句形容词性从句定语从句副词性从句状语从句第2页名词性从句名词可以做什么成分？主语，宾语，表语，同位语第3页两大类连接词1.that+S+V+… 只起到引导作用 不充当成分 自身无词义 省略？？2.wh- what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether 充当成分 不能省略 句子语序第4页特殊疑问词引导名词性从句规律：名词性从句理解问题wh-/howwhat+S+V -----SV内容： whathesaidwhere+S+V -----SV地点： whereIstay第5页特殊疑问词引导名词性从句when+S+V -----SV时间：

whenJackleftwhyS+V ----SV原因

whyJennyrefusedForrest第6页特殊疑问词引导名词性从句how+S+V----SV方式；S怎样地V howstudentsshouldbehavehowmuchS+V ----SV程度； S在多大程度上V； S有多么地V

howmuchIloveyou第7页特殊疑问词引导名词性从句whether+S+V----S与否V Whetherheestothepartyornotisnoneofmybusiness.第8页主语从句-that连接词Thathesurvivedintheearthquakeisamiracle.Hesurvivedintheearthquake.Xisamiracle.ThatBilldivorcedJulietisnotsurprising.BilldivorcedJuliet.Xisnotsurprising.主语从句中that连接词不能省略！！！第9页That引导主语从句后置防止头重脚轻+尾部焦点原则1.It+be+adj.+that-从句Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.Itwasobviousthatshedidnotwanttoe.Itisstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.第10页写作练习假如一种社会想要进步，抛弃老式很必要。Itisimportantthat…important/essential/vital/crucial/significant/进步——makeprogress抛弃老式——rejecttraditionsItisessentialthatasocietyshouldrejectitstraditions,ifitwantstomakeprogress.第11页That引导主语从句后置2.It+be+n.+that-从句Itisapitythathecannotswim.It’sawonderthatheisstillalive.Itwasadisappointmenttoyourmotherthatyoufailedtheexam.第12页写作练习保护和推广自己国家历史和文化遗产是年青一代不可防止任务。Itisanunavoidabletaskthat…保护和推广——conserveandpromote国家历史和文化遗产——nationalhistoricalandculturalheritages年青一代——younggenerationsItisanunavoidabletaskthattheyounggenerationsconserveandpromotetheirnationalhistoricalandculturalheritages.第13页That引导主语从句后置3.It+be+v-ed+that-从句规律：it背面跟动词被动语态形式，再接that从句无主语，理解成“据。。。”ItissaidthattherehasbeenanearthquakeinIndia.Itisreportedthattheenemytroopshavecrossedtheborder.“人们”作主语，进行积极理解；或者直接砍掉，做必然理解ItisbelievedthatJapaneseareweird.Itwasrumouredthathewassufferingfromakidneystone.ItmustbepointedoutthatEnglishisactuallynotdifficult.第14页写作练习人们普遍认为国际旅游业增进了跨文化交流。Itiswidelyacceptedthat…国际旅游业——internationaltourism增进——promote跨文化交流——cross-culturalmunicationItiswidelyacceptedthatinternationaltourismhaspromotedcross-culturalmunication.第15页That引导主语从句后置4.It+vi.+that-从句；It+vt.+O+that-从句Ithappenedthatshewasnotinthatday. 碰巧Itturnedoutthatsheusedtobeaman. 成果是Itoccurredtomethatperhapsshewaslying. 忽然想起Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan. 我忽然想起(strike)第16页写作练习父母和教育家认为，电视“成功”阻碍了孩子心剪发展。Itoccurstoparentsandeducatorsthat…asuccessfuldestroyer心剪发展——mentaldevelopmentItoccurstoparentsandeducatorsthatTVhasbeenasuccessfuldestroyerofchildren’smentaldevelopment.第17页主语从句特殊疑问词what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——不能用if第18页人们与否应当到了某一年龄就应当被强制退休是一种公众话题。atacertainagebeforcedtoretire公众话题——publicfocusWhetherpeopleshouldbeforcedtoretireatacertainagehasbeenapubicfocus.第19页找到可以处理我们越来越多垃圾地方是许多政府都非常头疼一件事。处理——disposeofheadacheWherewecandisposeoftheincreasingrubbishisagreatheadachetomanygovernments.第20页表达“越来越”写作升级(1)mounting+n. ※mounting修饰名词n.为 抽象、不可数名词 Eg.mountingprice/criticism/plaint/praise第21页表达“越来越”写作升级(2)ever+adj.比较级： TheEnglishexamisbeingevermoredifficult.第22页表达“越来越”写作升级(3)increasing ①修饰可数名词： anincreasingnumberof+可数名词复数 ②修饰不可数名词： anincreasingamountof+不可数名词 ③修饰形容词：increasingly+adj. TheEnglishexamisbeing increasinglydifficult.第23页宾语从句that类连接词Expertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.不充当成分只起到连接作用可以省略第24页wh-连接词谓语动词宾语Iwonderwhyhedeservedhiswell-paidposition.介词宾语Thatwilldependonwhereweshallgo.不定式宾语Armedwithatorch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.第25页宾语从句特殊疑问词what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——可以用if第26页说到教育，大部分人认为其是终身学习。Whenitesto…themajorityof…alifetimestudyWhenitestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.第27页他们声称，通过补习，孩子可以获得诸多实践技能和有用知识。补习——extrastudies声称——claim,maintainobtain,gainpracticalskillsusefulknowledgeByextrastudies,theymaintainedthattheirchildrenareabletoobtainmanykindsofpracticalskillsandusefulknowledge.第28页一项调查显示，许多农民工认为在都市打工不仅有较高收入，并且能学到某些新技术。show/demonstratefarmerlaborers/ruralemigrantsAninvestigationshowsthatmanyruralemigrantsconsiderthatworkingatcitiescanprovidethemwithnotonlyahighsalarybutalsotheopportunitytolearnnewskills.第29页我想懂得，这个做法与否经得起推敲。经得起推敲——bearcloseranalysisIwonderwhether/ifthispracticecanbearcloseranalysis.第30页表语从句that类连接词Thetruthisthathelacksthedecisivenesstobealeader.WhatIdislikeaboutthedealisthatitisreallydishonest.不充当成分只起到连接作用不可以省略第31页表语从句——wh-类连接词what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——不能用if第32页Theking’sconcerniswhowillsucceedtohisthrone.Thequestionputforwardbytheconsultantiswhatthemanagementistodowiththeworker’sstrike.第33页其中一种争论问题是一种人与否应选择舒适衣服，而不管是不是时尚。Oneofthequestionsunderdebate不管——regardlessofOneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhetherapersonshouldchoosefortableclothes,regardlessoffashion.第34页被某些人忽视是，国际旅游也许会给当地环境和历史带来劫难性影响。Whatsomepeoplefailtosee…劫难性——disastrousimpactWhatsomepeoplefailtoseeisthatinternationaltourismmaybringaboutadisastrousimpactonourenvironmentandlocalhistory.第35页同位语从句诸多（抽象）名词后可以跟that引导从句，阐明其详细内容，这样从句就是同位语从句。Thereisnodoubtthathewasanexcellentscholar.Hewasconsciousofthefactthatshedidnotapproveofwhathewasdoing.Wereceivedamessagethathewouldbeabsent.第36页同位语从句举例Wehaveproofthatthismanmittedthecrime.Ihaveexpressedtheopinionthatshecanact.Ihadtheimpressionthatshechoseherwordswithcare.第37页背面常常跟同位语从句名词doubt,fact,message,proof,opinion,hopes,impression,evidence,idea,belief,feeling,conclusion,rumour,report,possibility,guarantee,thought,assurance,news,story,order,etc.第38页毫无疑问，需求增长导致了价格上涨。Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnodoubtthattheincreaseindemandleadstotheriseinprices.第39页当今年轻人以自我为中心、对人冷漠和不顾及他人这样事实，在很大程度上是孩童时期父母对他们过度纵容成果。self-centeredindifferenceinconsiderateThefactthatyoungpeoplenowadaysareself-centered，indifferentandinconsiderateislargelytheouteofparentaloverindulgence.第40页没有人能否认这一重要事实：近来几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。Noonecandenytheessentialfactthat…thetrafficproblemoverthelastyearshasattractedwidepublicconcernallovertheworld.第41页定语从句在句子中作为定语，修饰一种名词或代词“……人”“……东西”先行词——连接词关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as关系副词：when,where,why被修饰名词或者代词第42页关系代词引导定语从句(1)1.who,whom,that替代人Youngpeoplewhoabusetheiragedparentsshouldbecondemned.Youngpeopleshouldbecondemned.Youngpeopleabusetheiragedparents.Youngpeople,abusingtheiragedparentsshouldbecondemned.第43页养宠物可以把孩子变成具有同情心人。Petraising同情心——caringmindturn…intoPetraisingcanturnchildrenintocitizenswhohaveacaringmind.第44页先行词作宾语Thegirlswhoheemploysarealwaysplainingabouttheirpay.Thegirlsarealwaysplainingabouttheirpay.Heemploysthegirls.第45页先行词作宾语ThemanwithwhomIwastravellingdidnotspeakEnglish.ThemandidnotspeakEnglish.Iwastravellingwiththeman.第46页医生对病人说谎，病人也许活得更长。enjoyalongerlifewhitelieApatientmayenjoyalongerlife.Doctorstellwhiteliestoapatient.Apatienttowhomdoctorstellwhiteliesmayenjoyalongerlife.第47页关系代词引导定语从句(2)2.whose,在定语从句中作定语,可以指人，也可以指物Youngsterswhosemindsarecorruptedbypornographiccontentsarehighlylikelytogoastray.Hesawahousewhosewindowwereallbroken.第48页医生会进退两难，假如他病人身患癌症。beinadilemmagetcancerAdoctorwhosepatientgetscancerwillbeinadilemma.第49页关系代词引导定语从句(3)3.which,that替代物Itisavirtuouscoursetoprovidethepoorwithgoodjobsthatallowthemtosupporttheirfamilies.第50页广告上出现具有欺骗性、误导性内容受到剧烈批评。cheatingandmisleadingadsandmercialsCheatingandmisleadingmaterials,whichappearinadsandmercials,havebeenstronglycriticized.第51页关系副词引导定语从句1.引导一种定语从句2.在从句中成分——状语where–地点状语when–时间状语why–原因状语3.关系副词=prep.+关系代词第52页Thisisthehotelwherewestayedlastsummer.Westayedinthehotellastsummer.where=inwhich第53页Thereareoccasionswhenonemustlie.Thereareoccasions.Onemustlieonoccasion.when=onwhichThereareoccasionsonwhichonemustlie.第54页Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresounhappy?why=forwhichCanyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouaresounhappy?第55页这就是富国拒绝协助穷国理由。Thisisthereason…why;forwhichThisisthereasonwhyrichcountriesrefusetoaidtheirpoorcounterparts.第56页限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句ThebeautyoverthereisYH’sgirlfriendwhodressesinred.ThebeautyoverthereisYH’sgirlfriend,whodressesinred.规律：非限定性定语从句，理解成插入语，或者直接删除；限定性要翻译理解成明确定语。第57页名词后that引导从句名词背面跟随that引导从句时，一般有两种也许：（1）that引起定语从句，该名词是先行词，在背面句子中充当成分，一般是主语或宾语；（2）that引起同位语从句，解释阐明该名词详细内容。第58页名词后that从句判断原则判断原则有两个：第一，看名词。假如that前面名词是详细名词，那么that从句一般是定语从句；假如that前面名词是抽象名词，那么that从句一般是同位语从句。第59页名词后that从句判断原则第二，看从句。假如从句中缺乏成分，一定是定语从句，而that在从句中充当就是那个缺乏成分，一般是主语或者宾语；假如从句内容完整，一般是同位语从句，that在从句中没有词意，只起到引导作用。第60页名词后that从句判断原则第三，看先行词和从句关系同位语从句和先行词是同等关系；定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属关系。第61页状语从句状语从句 状语从句是行使状语功能从句， 其作用相称于副词，因此也称为副词性从句。第62页状语从句种类：时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句成果状语从句目状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句第63页1、时间状语从句常见引导词：

when,while,as,before,aftersince,untilassoonas;hardly…when;scarcely…when第64页当有许多措施可以替代动物试验时候，就没有必要在动物身上进行试验了。alternativesItisunnecessaryto..Itisunnecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimalswhenthereareanumberofalternatives.第65页一旦食物链断裂，整个生态系统就会永久被变化。foodchain/webecosystemAssoonasthefoodchainisbroken,thewholeecosystemcouldbeforeverchanged.第66页2.地点状语从句where,wherever有人类地方，野生动物都被迫离开。Wildanimalsareforcedtoleavewhereverthereishumanity.第67页3、原因状语从句该从句表达原因,作原因状语,引导词包括:because,as,since,nowthat,considering(that)第68页because由于有目旳人获得成功，由于他们方向明确。Peoplewithgoalssucceedbecausetheyknowwheretheyaregoing.第69页as/since/for由于Asyouweren’tthere,Ileftamessage.Iwillseektobalancecareerandfamilysincebothareimportanttome.Iwilllaughforthisisthegreatsecretoflonglife.第70页nowthat由于.既然可以和since换用Nowthatyou’vepassedthetestyoucandriveonyourown.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremembertheincident.第71页considering(that)

考虑到考虑到计划还没有实行，会议取消了。实行——carryoutTheconferencewascancelledconsideringthattheplanhasnotbeencarriedout.第72页4、成果状语从句该从句表到达果，作成果状语，引导词包括：so…that,such…that第73页so/such…that

如此…以至于Youthissowonderfulthatitisacrimetowasteit.Mostpeoplepursuepleasurewithsuchbreathlesshastethattheyhurrypastit.第74页5、条件状语从句该从句表达条件，作条件状语，引导词包括：if,unless,incase,aslongas(solongas)assumingsuppose(supposing),provided(providing),第75页if假如Justimaginehowhorribletheworldwouldbe，ifhumansaretheonlycreatureintheworld.第76页unless除非，假如不在意义上，相称于if…not要记住：假如没有百分之百把握就不要承诺任何事情。Don’tpromiseanythingunlessyouare100percentsure.第77页incase假如要记住：假如你失败了，不要灰心。要继续努力。Incaseyoufail,don’tbediscouraged.Keeptrying.第78页as/solongas只要，假如要记住：只要一息尚存，我就要坚持。Solongasthereisbreathinme,Ishallpersist.第79页suppose(supposing)假如和if同义Suppose(supposing)youmakesomemistakes,itisnottheendoftheworld.第80页provided(providing)假如和if同义Providedthatyouhavethemoneyinyouraccount,youcanwithdrawupto$1000aday.第81页6、目状语从句该从句表达目，作目状语，引导词包括：sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat第82页inorderthat/sothatHeleftearlyinorderthatheshould/would/might/arriveontime.第83页lest,incase,forfearthat以防，以免Imustconcentrateonaction,lest/incase/forfearthatIwitherindespair.我们必须专注于行动，以免在绝望中消沉下去。第84页7、让步状语从句该句表达让步关系，作让步状语，引导词包括：although,though,whileevenif,eventhough,nomatter(what,who,which,when,where,how)whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however第85页although/though/while

尽管,虽然although语气较重尽管世界充斥苦难，但苦难总是可以克服。Althoughtheworldisfullofsufferings,theycanalwaysbeovere.尽管胜利并不重要，但努力去获胜却很重要。Whilewinningisnoteverything,tryingtowiniseverything.第86页although/though虽然有时可以作evenif解释Iwouldnotmarryyoualthough/thoughyouwerethelastmanonearth.第87页evenif/eventhough虽然，纵然Evenif

youtakeataxi,you’llstillmissyourtrain.Eventhoughyouapologize,shewillmaynotforgiveyou.第88页nomatter…

what,who,which,how,when,where=whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,whereverWhereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.RightHereWaiting此情可待第89