2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市统招专升本英语自考真题(含答案)

2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市统招专升本英语自考真题(含答案)

一、单选题(20题)1.Hehasajacket（）

A.beautifulnewblackItalianleather

B.newblackbeautifulItalianleather

C.newblackItalianbeautifulleather

D.beautifulleathernewblackItalian

2.Thecountrylifehewasusedto______greatlysince1992（）

A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged

3.I’lltakethisopportunitytoroamaboutthestreets,togetintouchwiththelocalpeople,（）

A.sotospeakB.soastoC.asamatteroffactD.asaresult

4.—ProfessorWang,mustIhandinthepaperthisweek?

—No,（）.Youcanhanditinnextweek

A.youmustn’tB.youcan’tC.youneedn’tD.youshouldn’t

5.All（）istogivehimawarning

A.whatisneeded

B.isneeded

C.thatisneeded

D.theneededthing

6.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein（）wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed

A.whyB.howC.whatD.which

7.Businessmenoftenmakehigherfortheirgoodsandservicesthantheyshould（）

A.chargesB.billsC.costsD.payments

8.Ournewhouseisvery________formeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes（）

A.adaptableB.comfortableC.convenientD.available

9.Hewas____bythepolicewithhavingmurderedhiswife（）

A.arrestedB.accusedC.sentencedD.charged

10.Shepretended____indifferentbutherfacialexpressionbetrayedher（）

A.tobeB.beingC.beD.been

11.（）lookedupinalarm

A.Allthepresentwomen

B.Allthewomenpresent

C.Theallwomenpresent

D.Theallpresentwomen

12.Alwayskeepinmindthatmorefruit,vegetablesandexerciseswillkeepushealthy（）

A.regularB.normalC.averageD.ordinary

13.Thenoise______untilshecouldn’tstanditanylonger（）

A.setupB.rangupC.builtupD.calledup

14.It’shightimewe_____strictmeasurestostoppollution（）

A.willtakeB.takeC.tookD.havetaken

15.DuringtheafternoonMarillakeptthechildbusywith____tasksandwatchedoverherwithakeeneyewhenshedidthem（）

A.variousB.curiousC.anxiousD.obvious

16.Fromherconversation,I_____thatshehadalargefamily（）

A.deducedB.decidedC.declaredD.deceived

17.Itwas______thattheycouldnotfinishitalone（）

A.asodifficultjob

B.suchdifficultjob

C.asuchdifficultjob

D.sodifficultajob

18.Heistotally（）tootherpeople’sattitudes

A.unconcernedB.carelessC.indifferentD.bold

19.Wouldyoupleasecallmeuplater_______theydecidetogocamping（）

A.thatB.forC.whetherD.when

20.Hetoseeyouyesterday，buthehadanimportantmeetingtoattend（）

A.wouldhavecomeB.cameC.hadcomeD.wascoming

二、选词填空题(10题)21.3.____

22.Studentsatuniversitycanlearnandmakefriends1willlastalifetime.However,thecostofstudyingisontherise.Thisincreasemeansthatmoststudentscangetintomoneytrouble2theydonotknowhowtomanagetheirmoney.Itisnotjustthecoursefees.Studentsmustalso3forroomandboard.Inaddition,theymayspendmoney4clothes,travel,andotherthings.Thus,studentsneedtobudget5.Atmostuniversitiesteacherscangivestudentssuggestionsonhowtospendtheirmoney.Thefirstthingtheysuggestistowritedownyour6,forexample,themoneyyouwillgetfromyourfamilyorapart-timejob.Thenlistallofyourexpenses.Putyourexpensesintotwo7:thosethatchange(food,books,travel),andthosethatwillstaythesame(tuition,roomandboard).Addtogetherallofyourexpenses.Whenyoudothis,youfinditis8toplanoutyourbudget.Thismeansyoucansaveyourmoney,ratherthantryingto9fromothers.Asyoucansee,thereismoretolearnatuniversitythanjust10istaughtintheclassroom.____

23.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhogotoconcerts,showsandmuseumscanlivelongerthan1whodonot.ExpertsfromUniversityCollegeLondonhavebeenexaminingthelifestylesofover6,700Britishpeople215years.They3howoftenthepeoplewentoutandwhatkindsofeventstheyattended.Theyfoundthatpeopleover50yearsold4regularlywenttoconcertswereabout30percent5likelytodieoverthenext14years.Theresearcherssaidtheover50scouldextendtheirlife6engagingwiththearts.Inadditiontolivinglongerconcertgoerscouldalsohavemorefun.TheUKHealthSecretaryMattHancockbelievestherecouldbealotof7intheresearch.Hesaidartsandculturecould8thingslikementalhealth,agingandloneliness.He9announcedplansfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicetousetheartstohelppeopleliveahealthierlife.Oneresearchersaid,“Ourresultshighlighttheimportanceof10toexplorenewsocialfactorsthataffectourhealth.”1.____

三、情景对话(10题)24.W:WouldyoupleasereadthisletterofapplicationI'vewritten?66

M:Oh,letmehavealook.67ButIhaveonesuggestion.

W:Good!What'sthat?

M:IfIwereyou,I'dchangethebeginning.68

W:Goodidea,Jack.Whatdoyouthinkaboutthesecondpart?

M:Sinceyou'veaskedme,Ithinkit'stooshort.Youshouldwritemuchmoreinformationaboutyourworkexperience.

W:69I'llchangeit.Howdoyoufeelaboutthelastpartoftheletter?

M:Verygood.70

W:Iagree.Ireallyappreciateyourhelp.Doyouthinktheendisallright?

M:Oh,yes.

A.Isupposeyou'reright.

B.Youshouldwriteaboutyoureducationfirst.

C.Itlooksfinetome.

D.I'dliketohaveyouradvice.

E.Butyoushouldsaysomethingaboutyourfamily,too

66.____（）

25.M:Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayafternoon?

W:1Itwasreallyinteresting.

M:2

W:Bytheriver.Alotofchildrenwereflyingkitesthere.

M:Itwaswindyyesterday,wasn’tit?

W:3

M:Whomdidyouflykiteswith?

W:4

M:Didyouenjoyyourselves?

W:Yes.5Afterthatwealsohadapicnictogether

1（）

A.Wehadagoodtime

B.Yes,thewindwasstrong

C.Iwasflyingakiteyesterdayafternoon

D.Wheredidyouflythekite?

E.WithLiLeiandTom

26.70.____（）

27.4（）

A.Thepopulationisonlyabout50,000

B.Wow,itsoundslikeaniceplacetolivein

C.WhichpartofEnglandisthat?

D.Doyouhavemodernstuff,likeahealthclub,amovietheatreorthingslikethat?

E.Canyouintroduceyourself,please

28.5（）

A.Itmusttakealotofpracticetostayontheskateboard

B.Wouldyouliketotryanyextremesports?

C.Iguessso

D.ManypeoplewatchthemonTV

E.I’msureyouwillbesafe

29.8.____（）

30.M:Lovelyday,isn'tit?

W:Yes,66Andit'ssupposedtogetwarmer.

M:Yes,that'strue.Youknow,though,I'malwaysalittleworriedtoseewintergo.

W:67

M:Well,Iloveskating.Infact,Iusedtoteachskatingforaliving.

W:Oh!Thatsoundsinteresting.68

M:IworkatBankofAmerica.Howaboutyou?

W:69

M:Here?

W:No,I'mfromChicago.I'mjustvisitinghereforthewedding.

M:Oh,Isee.

W:Bytheway,70I'mHelenKeller.

M:Nicetomeetyou.MynameisJohnSmith.

A.Butwhatdoyoudonow?

B.It'sreallywarm.

C.IguessIshouldintroducemyself.

D.I'montheradiostation.

E.Really

66.____（）

31.73.____（）

32.75.____（）

33.67.____（）

四、翻译(10题)34.小心午餐不要吃得太多，不然下午时你会犯困

35.毫无疑问，她是我们班上学习最好的同学之一

36.Wheneverpossible,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours

37.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage

38.我在找其他东西的时候，偶然发现了这张老照片

39.你的车质量比我的要好

40.Inrecentyears,thehousingpricesarecontinuouslyrising,whichhasdiscouragedmanyyoungpeoplewhoplannedtopurchase

41.人们意识到了相互沟通的重要性

42.Teenageboys,regardlessofrace,aremorelikelytodiefromgunshotwoundsthanfromallnaturalcausescombined

43.Ifyouwanttocommunicatesuccessfullywithanotherperson,youmayhavetothinkaboutthemusicofyourownvoice

五、阅读理解(10题)44.MargaretBroeFitzpatrickfindsitimpossible_________（）

A.toachievejust-rightparenting

B.tokeeptrackofeverythingdonebythekids

C.forthekidstofacerulesalone

D.forthekidstoobserveruleswithoutprotest

45.Everytimeapersoneatssomethinghemakesanutritionaldecision.Heacceptsorrejectsthefoodavailabletohimathomeformealsorsnacks.orheselectsfoodforhimselfatmanyplacesinthecommunity，suchassupermarkets，drive-ins，restaurants，andfoodcountersindrugstores.（83）Theseselectionsmakeadifferenceinhowanindividuallooks，howhefeels，andhowwellhecanworkandplay.

Whenagoodassortmentoffoodinappropriateamountsisselectedandeaten，theconsequencesaremorelikelytobeadesirablelevelofhealthandenoughenergytoallowonetobeasactiveasheneedsandwantstobe.Whenchoicesarelessthandesirable，theconsequencesarelikelytobepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth.

StudiesofdietsofindividualsintheUnitedStatesshowthatfoodselectionisahighlyindividualmatter，evenamongyoungchildren.（84）Furthermore，fartoomanyindividualsofallagesaremakingpoorchoicesdayafterdayandareeithernowlivingwiththeconsequencesorwillbeinthefuture.

Nutritionistsandworkersinalliedprofessionshavebeenconcernedabouthelpingpeoplelearntoselectandenjoyawidevarietyoffoodcombinationsthatcanadduptoagooddiet.

Mostpeoplebelievethattheyarewell-fed—thatthechoicestheymakearegoodones.Afterall，theyarenotreallysick；neitheraretheyhungry.However，theirnutritionisreallypoorinonerespectoranother.Milkandmilkproducts，suchascheese，icecream，buttermilk，andyogurt，areoftenneglected.Thenpeoplemayleaveoutintheirdietsmanyfruitsandvegetables，particularlythosethataregoodsourcesofvitaminsAand.

Theseincludedarkgreen，leafyvegetables;deepyellowvegetables;andcitrusfruitsandvegetables，suchascabbages，tomatoes，andgreenpeppers

Thepassagementionsallofthefollowinginfluencesoffoodselectionexcept_____（）

A.howanindividuallooks

B.howanindividualfeels

C.howwellanindividualworksandplays

D.howanindividuallooksatlife

46.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______（）

A.alltheAmericanchildrenhaveusedthelatesttechnologyinschools

B.computersandtheInternetareverypopularwithAmericans

C.AmericanstendtoplacemoreimportanceontheInternetusagethancomputers

D.thepublicinAmericadoesnothatetheInternetproblemsatall

47.Whatdoesthewordmurky（Para.3）probablymean（）

A.SignificantB.UnclearC.ObviousD.Exaggerated

48.ParagraphOneismostlydevotedtothediscussionof_____（）

A.complexreasonsthatmakepeopleseemlazy

B.seriousproblemsthatlazypeoplesufferfrom

C.othersortsoffantasiesthatmaypreventwork

D.greatdealsthatpeoplearebusyplanning

49.Robotshavetobecomeautomatonsthatcantrulylearnbecause_______（）

A.theyaregoingtobecheaper

B.theyareever-changingmachines

C.it’simpossibletopre-programarobotforeverythingitwillmeetwith

D.therobotscanperformonlytasksthatthey’reprogrammedtodo

50.ItcanbeinferredthattherearerestrictionsonpublishingwhenAmericancitizenstravelabroadbecauseof_________（）

A.thelimitationofthenumberofpublications

B.thesecurityoftheUnitedStates

C.theinterestofindividuals

D.theprotectionofcopyright

51.Whatcanweknowaboutcommunicationthroughprintforchildren（）

A.Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation

B.Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting

C.Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpractiseinformationmore

D.Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn

52.Accordingtothepassage,areporter'sworkbecomesdangerouswhen_______（）

A.heisseeingahorrorfilm

B.thereisafloodorariot

C.thereisafootballmatch

D.thereisaninterviewwiththeprimeminister

53.PassageTwo

Nutritional（营养的）statusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowandlessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivities.Theymaysufferfrombeinglaughedatandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children’sresistancetoinfectionsandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorlynourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

（67）Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolonged（长期的）imbalancebetweenthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofunder-nutritionorover-nutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchildren.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringearlychildhoodarelesslikelytobechangedbyimproveddietaryintakelater

Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut______（）

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivities

D.beveryalert

六、作文题(1题)54.Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionof120to180words.Yourwritingshouldbebasedonthetitleandoutlinegivenbelow.

OnaHarmoniousDormitoryLife

1.宿舍生活有时会岀现不和谐的现象；

2.和谐宿舍生活的重要性；

3.如何创造和谐的宿舍生活

参考答案

1.A他有一件新的漂亮的意大利产的黑色皮夹克。

［考点］限定词词序

【精析】A多个形容词作定语修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序是固定的，可记为以下口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。句中的leather表示材料，应紧挨着中心名词，Italian表示国籍，应放在材料前面，black是颜色，应放在国籍前面，new表示新旧，应放在颜色前面,beautiful为描述性词汇，应放在其他形容词前面。故选A

2.B句意：他所习惯的乡村生活自从1992年以来就发生了巨大变化。分析句子成分可知，hewasusedto是定语，修饰thecountrylife。句子缺少谓语动词，并且since1992为现在完成时的标志。所以答案是B

3.AA句意：我要趁机逛逛街，或者说和当地人接触一下。短语辨析题。sotospeak：可以这么说；soasto：为了;asamatteroffact：实际上；asaresult：结果

4.C——王教授，我必须在本周上交论文吗？

——不，不必。你可以下周交。

［考点］情态动词

【精析】C由must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答一般不用mustn’t，而用needn’t或don’thaveto。mustn’t:绝对不行或禁止；can’t:不能，不可以；needn’t:不用，不必；shouldn’t:不应该。根据句意可知，选C

5.C只需给他一个警告。

［考点］定语从句

【精析】C分析句子结构可知，空格处应为定语从句，修饰先行词all。故选C

6.C老师经常告诉我们，要想取得成功就要相信自己和自己的所作所为。

［考点］名词性从句

【精析】C本题考查宾语从句引导词的用法。介词短语believein后面接宾语从句，空格处在从句中作do的宾语。why，how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。故选C

7.A商人们经常收取比他们应得的高得多的商品和服务费用。

［考点］词语搭配

【精析】Amakechargesfor为固定搭配，意为对……收费。故选A

8.C对我来说，我们的新家非常便利，因为从家到办公室只需要五分钟。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Cadaptable：能适应的；comfortable：舒适的；convenient：方便的；available：可得到的。根据句意可知，选C

9.D他因谋杀妻子而被警方指控。

［考点］词语搭配

【精析】Dbechargedwith为固定搭配，意为因……被指控，符合题意。其他选项均不能与with搭配。arrest:逮捕，拘留；accuse:控告，控诉，常用于accusesb.ofsth.结构中，意为控告某人犯……罪；sentence:判刑。故选D

10.AApretendtodosth.为固定搭配，意为假装做某事。故选A

11.B所有在场的女人都惊慌地抬头看。

［考点］固定用法

【精析】Bpresent意为出席的，在场的，做定语修饰名词时常后置，故排除A、D选项。又因all是前位限定词，the是中位限定词，故all应位于the的前面。综上所述，本题选B

12.A要始终记得，多吃水果和蔬菜以及定期锻炼能使我们保持身体健康。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Aregular:定期的，常规的；normal:正常的，正规的；average:平均的，一般的；ordinary:普通的，平常的。根据句意可知，选A

13.C噪声越来越大，让她再也无法忍受。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Csetup：建立；ringup：打电话；buildup：加大，加强；callup：打电话，召集。根据句意可知，选C

14.C

15.AAvarious:各种各样的；curious:好奇的，有求知欲的；anxious:焦虑的，担忧的；obvious:明显的，显著的。根据句意可知，选A

16.AA句意：通过她的谈话,我断定她有个大家庭。词义辨析题。deduce：演绎,推论,推断；decide：决定；declare：宣告,宣称；deceive：欺骗。因此A最符合题意

17.D句意：这项工作如此艰巨以至于他们不能单独完成它。本题考查so/such…that…（如此……以至于……）的用法。so的用法是：so+形容词+a/an+名词；such的用法是：such+a/an+形容词+名词

18.C他完全不在乎其他人的态度。

［考点］词语搭配

【精析】Cunconcerned:不关心的，无关的，多与介词with搭配使用；careless：粗心的，疏忽的；indifferent：漠不关心的，不感兴趣的，常用于beindifferentto结构中，意为不在乎，对……漠不关心；bold:大胆的，英勇的。根据句意和搭配可知，选C

19.D句意：当他们决定去野营时，你能随后给我打电话吗？状语从句题。分析主句，发现成分完整，所以其后应为一个状语从句，再根据句意，确定选D，表示当……的时候。that、for不引导时间状语从句，whether表示是否，与本题不相符。when引导的从句动作可发生在主句之前或之后，也可同时发生。本题发生在主句之前

20.A他昨天本来要见你，但他有一个重要的会议要参加。

［考点］虚拟语气

【精析】A根据句中的时间状语yesterday（昨天）和句意可知，后半句陈述的是事实，前半句是对过去情况的虚拟，因此要用wouldhave+过去分词的形式。故选A

21.AK根据空后的名词短语15years可知，空处应填介词。符合要求的选项有C、K。句意：15年来，来自伦敦大学学院的专家们一直在调查超过6,700名英国人的生活方式。故选K。

22.HH分析句子结构可知，空处应填引导词，引导一个定语从句，修饰指人的先行词friends。符合要求的选项只有H。句意：学生在上大学时可以学习并交到将持续一生的朋友。故选H。

23.JA.studied（v.学习，研究）B.continuing（v.继续，持续）C.by（prep.通过）D.who（pron.引导定语从句）E.whose（pron.引导定语从句）F.improve（v.改进，改善）G.truth（n.事实，真相）H.ignored（v.忽视，不予理睬）I.recently（adv.最近，不久前）J.those（pron.那些）K.for（prep.表示一段时间）L.less（adv.更少，较少）J分析句子结构可知，空后的who引导一个定语从句，空处为其先行词，所以空处应填指人的名词或代词。符合要求的选项只有J。those在此处指代上文中的people，此处表达的是“不去（音乐会、演出和博物馆）的那些人”。故选J。

24.D

25.C

26.C

27.D

28.C

29.G［答案］G

【精析】由前一句我想预约下周某个时间见史密斯先生一面和空处后一句史密斯先生在周二上午、周五下午似乎不忙可知，空处表达的是他要先看一下史密斯先生的日程。故选G

30.B

31.E

32.C

33.E

34.Becarefulnottoeattoomuchatlunch,oryouwillbesleepyintheafternoon

35.Thereisnodoubtthatsheisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.【精析】本句考查同位语从句和比较等级的翻译。毫无疑问可译为thereisnodoubt…；最好的学生之一可译为oneofthebeststudents

36.只要有可能，将常规工作放到下午完成，而把那些需要投入更多精力和注意力的任务留到精力最好的时候去做。【精析】本句是一个主从复合句。从句为Wheneverpossible（无论什么时候有可能），表示让步，其中省略了主语和谓语itis；主句为两个并列的祈使句do…andsave…，其中and后的祈使句中requiring…concentration为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰tasks。routinework意为日常工作，常规工作，concentration意为注意力

37.这些领导人就是活生生的证据，证明预防是可行的，同时表明人们能处理随年龄增长而产生的健康问题

38.IfoundthisoldphotobychancewhenIwaslookingforsomethingelse

39.Thequalityofyourcarisbetterthanthatofmine

40.最近几年房价不断上涨，这让很多原本有购房打算的年轻人望而却步

41.Peopleareconsciousoftheimportanceofcommunicatingwitheachother

42.无论什么种族，十几岁的男孩儿死于枪伤的可能性比所有自然原因加起来的还要大

43.如果你想与他人融洽交流，你可能就要留神你说话时的语音语调。【精析】分析句子结构可知，句中包含了一个if引导的条件状语从句，主句为youmay…municate…with意为与……沟通、交流；successfully意为成功地，作副词；thinkabout意为考虑

44.B事实细节题。作者在文章倒数第二段最后一句指出…theycan’tpoliceeverythingthekidsencounterontheInternetorinfriends’homes.即他们不能对孩子在网上看到的所有东西或是朋友家遇到的每一件事都进行监管。故选项B为正确答案

45.D［考点］事实细节题

【精析】D由第一段最后一句Theseselectionsmakeadifferenceinhowanindividuallooks，howhefeels，andhowwellhecanworkandplay.（这些选择会对一个人的精神面貌、身体状况、工作效率和休闲活动产生影响。）可知，选项A、B、C包含在内，故选D

46.B［考点］推理判断题

【精析】B根据第一段和最后一段第一句可知，电脑和因特网使美国人的生活更加美好，各个收入群体、各个地区、种族和大多数年龄群体的人们都热爱电脑和因特网。由此可推知，电脑和因特网很受美国人的欢迎，所以B项正确。根据第二段最后一句…mosthavemadeuseofup-to-datetechnologyintheirschools.可知，并非所有美国的孩子都在学校使用了最新的科技，所以A项不正确；根据最后一段最后一句…computersarepartofeverydaylifeformostAmericans,andtheInternetisclosebehind.可推知，对美国人来说，电脑的重要性是第一位，然后是因特网，所以C项不正确；根据第二段第一句…butingeneralpeoplearenotespeciallyconcernedaboutissuessuchasinformationoverloadorthenever-endingflowofphonecalls,faxesande-mails.可知，公众不是特别关心信息超载，源源不断的电话、传真、电子邮件等问题，但并未提及他们一点也不讨厌网络问题，所以D项说法不正确。故选B

47.B［考点］词语理解题

【精析】B根据第三段第三句Atleast13studieshavetriedto…andtheresultshavepointedineverydirection.可知，降低食盐的摄入量的益处并不确定。由此可知，murky表示含糊的，不确定的的意思。significant:重大的,重要的,有意义的；unclear:不清楚的,不确定的；obvious:明显的,显著的；exaggerated:夸张的，言过其实的。故选B

48.A［考点］推理判断题

【精析】A由文章第一段第三句中…anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.可知，导致懒惰的原因不仅仅是逃避劳动那么简单，而是错综复杂的。后面的句子都在具体分析人们懒惰的各种原