句子重音和语调

句子重音和语调英语句子听起来之所以忽轻忽慢，忽升忽降，富有节奏感，主要是因为句子重音和语调的重要调节作用。一、句子重音在句子重音中，单词重音是认识和掌握句子重音的基础。单词一旦置于句子里，在语流中并不是所有的单词都像单独读音时读得那么响亮，只有其中部分词重读，部分词不重读。如：Itwas?tooex?pensiveformeto?buy.这个句子中只有三个词重读。另外，句子中要重读的词若为双音节或多音节词，重音一般就落在该词的重读音节上。像前句中的expensive就属于这种情况。如何掌握句子重音的规律，判别句子重音是正确朗读英语句子的关键之一，应遵循的基本原则如下：在通常情况下，“实强虚弱”，即在一个英语句子中实词（notionalwords/contentwords）一般重读，虚词(formwords/functionwords)一般弱读。

名词一般都重读

Thereisa?bookonthe?desk.My?sister?putupa?pictureonthe?wall.

?John?wantsto?seethe?teacherafter?class.An?elephantisan?animal.

一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词,如thing,person,place,或指一大类人或事物的名词，如man,woman,fellow,time,ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读

?That'sa?nicething.(比较：?That'sa?nice?picture.)

He'san?easypersonto?geta?longwith.He'sthe?rightmanforthe?job.

It'sal?ready?lunchtime.(比较;It's?timefor?lunch.)

代词

常重读的代词有

1．指示代词

?Thisis?notwhatI?mean.?That?isn'ttheoneI?askedfor.

?Doyou?like(?)these?flowers?

但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音

?Howdoyou?likethose?littleones??Who?wrotethis?interesting?story?2.名词性物主代词

?Yoursis?much?nicerthan?mine.The?redoneis?his.

但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读

I?m?writingtoa?friendofmine.

3.强调代词

I?sawitmy?self.The?manhim?self?toldmeso.

4．疑问代词

?Whoareyou?talkingto??WhatcanI?doforyou??Who?cameto?seeyouthis?morning?

不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词

He?hasn't?seenmy?brotheryet.He?hurthimselfwhenhewas?playing?football.They?often?helpeachother.The?girlwho?spoketoyoujust?nowismy?sister.形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读

数词一般都应重读

The?streetsare?wide,?cleanand?beautiful.

?This?narrow?valleywasthe?sceneofa?famous?battle.

His?firstdaughterisfif?teen.It'sa?dullanddisap?pointingfilm.

?That'sex?citingnews.The?worriedman?enteredthe?crowded?street.

He?bought?ten?cupsand?Iboughtonly?four.冠词一般都不重读

He?livesina?house?not?farfromthe?school.

It?san?hour's?drivefromthe?old?station.

The?man?overthereismy?brother.An?elephantisan?animal.

动词主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notionalverb）都要重读(be、have除外)

He?takesa?walkafter?supper?every?day.

?Don?tfor?getyour?homework.

Isup?poseyou?knowhim.

非限定动词一般也都要重读

不定式Wede?cidedto?startthe?next?day.

分词We?satatthe?desk?writinga?letter.

动名词It's?no?use?askinghimabout?that.

助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读

I?don'twantto?gothereto?day.

He?wasn'tsur?prisedwhenI?toldhimthe?news.

We?can't?stayany?longer.

?Don?tyouthinkyou?shouldn'tsay?suchthings?

Wemust?doit?now,?mustn'twe?

cannot不缩写成can't时，重音也在can上

I?cannotagree?withhim.

Do用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的

I?dohope?thiswillbeef?fective.

He?doesneedyour?help.

We?didwarnyoube?fore.

?Do?drop?inwhenyouarein?Xuzhou.

不重读的动词

助动词

Hedid?notwork?hardforthee?xam.

Wewereim?pressedbytheira?chievements.

?Muchhasbeen?saida?boutit.

Theywillbesur?prisedat?that.

情态动词

Heshouldbe?criticizedfor?doing?that.

?Marycould?doit?betterthan?Herbert.

Imust?go?now.

?Whocan?answerthis?question?

动词be(是),have(有)一般不重读

Ihave?somany?thingsto?doto?day.

?Few?peoplehad?TV?setsin?those?days.

The?keywas?inthe?box.

以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读;用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读

(?)Haveyouany?brothersand?sisters??Yes,I?have.

(?)Areyoua?student??Yes,I?am.

(?)Canyou?comethisafter?noon?Yes,I?can.

He?said?morethanhe?shouldatthe?meeting.

I?don'twantto?gothere,butI?must.

副词一般都重读

They?came?back?early?yesterday.

?Wheredidyou?buyit?

?Whydoyou?come?

You?meet?people?everywhere.

I've?never?heardof?suchathingbe?fore.

Per?hapsshe'llar?riveto?night.

?Tellhimto?come?in.

A?car?dashed?past.

?Thankyoufor?comingto?seeme?off.

但关系副词不重读

He?visitedthe?small?villagewherehewas?born.

They?came?rightatthe?timewhenwe?neededtheir?help.

?Thisisthe?reasonwhythey?failed.

介词单音节介词一般都不重读

?Allbut?oneofthe?familyareat?home.

?How?farisitfrom?Paristo?London?

?Whatareyou?lookingat?

?That?swhatIwas?thinkingof.

多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读

I'll?doit(?)after?lunch.

He?finishedthe?article(?)duringthe?holidays.

The?man?walkeda(?)longthe?street.

He?searcheda(?)mongthe?papers.

Ifor?got?alla(?)boutit.

Ihave?nothingto?saycon(?)cerningthis?problem.

?Putit?oppositethe?door.

在不重读的连系动词be或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读

They're?bythe?window.

Hewas?inthe?sitting-room.

Isit?nearthe?postoffice?

The?teacherwas?withusatthe?picnic.

Itwas?duringthe?interval.

Hewasbe?sidehimselfwith?rage.

Theyarebe?hindthe?door.

介词在句首时常可重读

?Onhis?way?homehe?metan?old?friend.

?Inthe?roomthey?founda?little?boy.

?Underthe?tree?standsa?tallman.

连接词

单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词both…andneither…nor等）和从属连词都不重读

He?cameand?spoketous.

I?sawitbut?didn't?readit.

?Let's?runorwe'llbe?late.

?That?takesboth?timeand?energy.

Neither?younor?Ican?solvethe?problem.

Isug?gestthatwe?give?upthe?plan.

Hewas?angrywithmebecauseIwas?late.

Thepro?fessorwas?busy?writingwhenI?wentto?seehim.

We?tookthe?taxitothe?stationso(that)wecouldbein?timeforthe?train.

She?didn'tar?rangethe?chairsasI?toldher.

?Putitwhereitcan?easilybe?seen.

He?wantsto?seeyoubeforeyou?leave.

Shein?sistedon?going,thoughI?toldher?notto.

Theyweredisap?pointedwhereas?wewerede?lighted.

You?can'tunder?standituntilyou?readittothe?end.

连接词词组其中重要的词要重读，还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读

If?onlyI?knewhowto?doit.

He'll?helpusoncon?ditionthatwe?trusthim.

We'll?startto?morrow?evenifit?rains.

Theyhave?never?met?eversince?19?80.

The?meetingwillbe?ginas?soonasthe?guests?come.

You'llsuc?ceedso?longasyou?work?hard.

It's?sucha?pitythatyou?can't?come.

He?spoke?so?fastthatIcould?hardly?followhim.

Willyou?trya?gainsup?posingyou?fail?

Imust?gothereal?thoughitis?raining.

The?schoolbuswill?leavedi?rectlythe?bell?rings.

Youcan?neversuc?ceedun?lessyou?work?hard.

从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读（that除外）

?Whenhe?comesI'llintro?ducehimtoyou.

?AfterI?ve?finisheditI'll?showittoyou.

?AsIwas?waitingforthe?bus,it?suddenlybe?ganto?rain.

但Thatwecan?doitwith?outhimisab?surd.

连接代词who(whom,whose)what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why可以重读，也可以不重读

I?wonder?who?thatwas.

?Askhim?whichis?better.

I?don't?know?howthey?are.

I?don't?knowhow?thingsarein?their?school.

I'm?notsure?whenhe's?coming.

I?can'tunder?stand?whyhere?fusesto?go.

Doyou?seewhatI?mean?

He?doesn'tknow?whatheshould?do?next.

感叹词感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读

?Ah!?Oh!

?Ugh![?uh]?Eh?

?Fancy!?Goodness!

?Nonsense!Hel?lo!

In?deed!?How?awful!

但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高

Ah??no!Oh??well!Oh??dear!

不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提到时一般不应重读

--?How?many?timeshaveyou?beenthere?

--?Threetimes.

The?boy?shoutedtothe?otherboys.

--They?want?strongmen.

--?Very?well.I?amstrong.

?Studyas?Leninstudied.

A?newcom?mitteehasbeen?set?upand?Dr?Liis?onthecommittee.

名词street在街名中不重读

?OxfordStreet?DowningStreet

?EighthStreet?WallStreet

但road,avenue,lane,way,hill,town,park,palace等词在街名地名中都要重读

?York?Road?West?Lake?Hyde?Park?Buckingham?Palace?Hampton?Court

一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词不重读，只重读前面的修饰语

?railwayjourney坐火车旅行（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行）

?pleasuretrip旅游（区别于因事旅行）

?highschool中学

?safetyrazor安全剃刀

?life-savingapparatus救生装置

?doorhandle?tennisball

?campingground?golfclub

?violinstringexami?nationpaper

指示代词this,that,these,those有时没有很强的指示意味，其意义很接近于冠词the，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提到时，这些指示代词不重读

He?managedthis?matter?wonderfully.

Itis?necessaryto?takethese?measures.

He?couldn't?bearthe?gazeofthose?eyes.

在this?morning,this?after?noon,this?evening等词组中，this不重读

such后面跟有强调的词时不重读

sucha?curious?shape

such?quantitiesof?wood

如果后面的词不可能重时，则重读such

?Suchathingshould?neverhave?happened.

副词so在thinkso,doso等词组里不重读

I?thinkso.I?didn't?sayso.

I?believeso.?Who?toldyouto?doso?

副词so,now,then用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重读

Sohe?wentintothe?garden.

Now?listentome?carefully.

Then?don'tfor?getto?writetomeafteryouar?rivethere.

某些插入语不须重读

I'ma?fraidhe's?not?coming.

He's?not?coming,I'mafraid.

?Please?sit?down.?Sit?down,please.

He?said,“I'm?sorry.”“I'm?sorry,”hesaid.

One作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读

?That'sa?goodone.

?Howarethe?littleones?

You've?gotthe?wrongone,?Iwantthe?greenone.

二、语调在英语说话和朗读时不但要注意句子的重读、音的长度、音的变化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短语的语调

在英语中通过语调的高低、句子重读、音的长度，使语言表达丰富多彩，声情并茂。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上。

可以将英语语调归纳为四种：

降调升调平调降升调

用降调的句型

1.陈述句

Thankyou.Notatall.

You'requiteright.

I'mafraidImustbeoff.

2.特殊疑问句

WhattimecanIseeyou?

What'sthematterwithyou?3.祈使句

Comein.Closethedoor.

Fetchmemygloves.

Pleasedropinanytimeyoulike.

Hurryuporwe'llmissthetrain.4.感叹句

Whatahotday!

Isn'titlovely!用升调的句型

1.一般疑问句

Haveyoubeenstayingherelong?

Areyoufreetomorrowmorning?

Isthislessontoodifficult?2.祈使句

表示很婉转和客气的请求，祈使句有时也可以一般疑问句的形式出现

Won'tyoutakeaseat?

Shallwegotothediningroom?3.陈述句

有些陈述句包含不肯定、疑惑、安慰、抱歉、无能为力、轻蔑、不在乎、不耐烦，以及其他一些没有直接表达出来的情绪时，用升调

Ican'twaitthatlong.

Ithoughteverythingwouldbeallright.

I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.

上述某些情绪，如不肯定、疑惑、轻蔑、无可奈何等，也可以用降升调，情绪更为强烈语调群

1.升调在前，降调在后。选择疑问句，要求回答者选择任何一个

Doyoupreferteaorcoffee?

Ishestillhereorhashegonehomealready?

以状语或状语从句开始的句子

Atteno'clockinthemorningthecontestbegan.

计数或点东西

achair,atable,abedandadesk2.降调在前，升调在后。反意疑问句，表示说话人有一些疑惑，要肯定以下自己的看法

Youwenttotheconcertyesterday,didn'tyou?

Heworksinabankintown,doesn'the?

前面是陈述句，后面有一个表示不肯定或有疑虑的附加语

It'sgoingtorain,I'mafraid.

在句末称呼人时，用升调

Tellmethetruth,George.

3.前后都是降调

反意疑问句，这类反意疑问句疑问成分很少，答案无疑已经知道

It'safineday,isn'tit?

Sheistalkingjustlikehermother,isn'tshe?

主语在前，状语或状语从句在后的陈述句

Hewillknowbetterwhenhegetsolder.

有两个或两个以上并列句的句子

Thetelephonerang,butIdidn'tanswerit.三、句子节奏

OOOO

?time's?up.?make?haste

?next?week?what's?this

?work?hard?well?done

?all?right?quite?good

?Yes,?please.?hold?on

?that's?true?too?bad

?good?news?this?month

?not?yet?come?in

OoOOoO

?never?mind?waitand?see

?leaveat?once?wordby?word

?letme?see?thanksa?lot

?outof?date?quitea?lot

?tryit?out?goodi?dea

?comea?long?farand?wide

?timeand?tide?little?girl

?whata?day

OoOoOoOo

?waita?moment?giveme?thisone

?let'sget?started?springis?coming

?Merry?Christmas.?comeand?helpme

?gladto?seeyou?very?funny

?letme?helpyou?whocan?helpme

?quitea?lotof?rather?boring

?goand?getit?whento?doit

?just?imagine?t