自考《英语二》2023出版讲义第三章

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑——自考《英语二》2023出版讲义第三章Unit3FriendshipandLoyalty

AFamousQuoteBetrayingatrustisaveryquickandpainfulwaytoterminateafriendship.——RalphWaldoEmerson背信弃义会使人迅速而痛楚地断送友情。

——拉尔夫·沃尔多·艾默生

TextANewwords

reflectionn.yourwrittenorspokenthoughtsaboutaparticularsubjectortopic（关于某主题的）思考，回忆

loyaltyn.thequalityofbeingfaithfulinyoursupportofsomebody/something忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿recognizev.toadmitortobeawarethatsomethingexistsoristrue承认；意识到

betrayv.tohurtsomebodywhotrustsyou,especiallybynotbeingloyalorfaithfultothem辜负；对??不忠

indeedadv.usedtoaddinformationtoastatement其实；实际上

virtuen.behaviororattitudethatshowhighmoralstandards高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行

trendn.ageneraldirectioninwhichasituationischangingordeveloping趋势；趋向；动态；动向befriendv.tobecomeafriendofsomebody,especiallysomebodywhoneedsyourhelp做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待

requestv.toaskforsomethingorasksomebodytodosomethinginapoliceorformalway（礼貌或正式地）请求，要求

trendyadj.veryfashionable时尚的；赶时尚的

multituden.anextremelylargenumberofthingsorpeople众多；大量mutualn.sharedbytwoormorepeople共有的；共同的

termn.awordorphraseusedasthenameofsomething,especiallyoneconnectedwithaparticulartypeoflanguage词语；术语；措辞

siten.aplaceontheInternetwhereacompany,anorganization,auniversity,etc.putsinformation网站；站点

acronymn.awordformedfromthefirstlettersofthewordsthatmakeupthenameofsomething首字母缩略词

perishv.tobelostordestroyed丧失；湮灭；破坏

thoughtn.somethingthatyouthinkoforremember想法；看法；主意；记忆gossipn.aconversationaboutotherpeopleandtheirprivatelives流言蜚语

challengev.totestsomebody'sabilityandskills,especiallyinaninterestingway考察??的能力；考验??的技巧

akinn.similarto相像的；类似的

depositn.asumofmoneythatispaidintoabankaccount存款

accountn.anarrangementthatsomebodyhaswithabank,etc.tokeepmoneythere,takesomeout,etc.账户

interestn.theextramoneythatyoupaybackwhenyouborrowmoneyorthatyoureceivewhenyouinvestmoney利息

well-beingn.generalhealthandhappiness健康；安乐；康乐

welfaren.thegeneralhealth,happinessandsafetyofaperson,ananimaloragroup（个人或群体的）

幸福，安全与健康

essencen.themostimportantqualityorfeatureofsomething,thatmakesitwhatitis本质；实质；精华

seekv.tolookforsomethingsomebody寻觅

notorietyn.fameforbeingbadinsomeway恶名；坏名声

premisen.astatementoranideathatformsthebasisforareasonablelineofargument前提；假定exploitv.totreatapersonorsituationasanopportunitytogainanadvantageforyourself利用（??为自己谋利）

reconnectv.toconnectsomebodyagain再联系；再联络

virtualadj.madetoappeartoexistbytheuseofcomputersoftware,forexampleontheinternet（通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的assurev.totellsomebodythatsomethingisdefinitelytrueorisdefinitelygoingtohappen,especiallywhentheyhavedoubtsaboutit使确信；向??保证

cautionn.awarningorapieceofadviceaboutapossibledangerorrisk警告；告诫lyricn.thewordsofasong歌词

undisputedadj.thatcannotbequestionedorprovedtobefalse;thatcannotbedisputed不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可辩论的

generationn.allthepeoplewhowerebornataboutthesametime（统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人PhrasesandExpressions

stickbytobeloyaltoapersonandsupportthem,especiallyinadifficultsituation坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）

throughthickandthininspiteofanydifficultiesorproblems不畏艰难睑阻leadtotohavesomethingasaresult导致，造成（后果）

amultitudeofanextremelylargenumberof（thingsorpeople）众多的；大量的

perishthethoughtusedtosaythatyoufindasuggestionunacceptableorthatyouhopethatsomethingwillneverhappen甭想了；但愿不会如此

engageintotakepartinsomething;tomakesomebodytakepartinsomething（使）从事，参与

inessenceusedwhentalkingaboutthemostbasicandimportantpartofsomethingrelatingtothemostimportantcharacteristicsorideasofsomething本质上

assure?of?tomakesomebodycertainaboutsomething使放心；向??保证payattentiontototakeanynoticeof注意warn?of?totellsomebodyaboutsomething,especiallysomethingdangerousorunpleasantthatislikelytohappen,sothattheycanavoidit警告某人某事重点词汇

loyaltyn.thequalityofbeingfaithfulinyoursupportofsomebody/something忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿eg:Weallhavealoyaltytothecompany.我们对公司都有效忠的义务。衍生

loyaladj.trueandfaithful忠诚的；忠贞的用法：~tosb./sth.

eg:remainloyaltoone'sprinciples信守自己的原则

befriendv.tobecomeafriendofsomebody,especiallysomebodywhoneedsyourhelp做朋友；友善相待eg:Theybefriendedtheyounggirl,providingherwithfoodandshelter.他们热心地照料这个年轻的姑娘，给她吃的﹑给她住处。构词be-改变词性的前缀

加在名词或形容词前，构成及物动词

friendn.朋友→befriendv.友好对待calmn.镇静→becalmv.使镇静headn.头→beheadv.砍头

littleadj.小的→belittlev.轻视；贬低

notorietyn.fameforbeingbadinsomeway恶名；坏名声

eg:Hiscrimesearnedhimconsiderablenotoriety.他因犯罪而声名狼藉。衍生

notoriousadj.（derog.贬）well-knownforsomebadquality,deed,etc.臭名昭着的；声名狼藉的用法：~for/assth.

eg:anotoriouscriminal/area天怒人怨的罪犯/地区

She'snotoriousforherwildbehaviour.她因行为野蛮而知名。相近词

famen.beingknownortalkedaboutbymanypeople名声；名气

eg:Theyoungmusicianrosequicklytofame.那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名。famousadj.knowntoverymanypeople;celebrated有名的；著名的eg:NewYorkisfamousforitsskyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼著名。well-knownadj.knownbyalotofpeople著名的

eg:Parisiswell-knownforitsrichculture.巴黎以其丰富的文化而著名。exploitv.totreatapersonorsituationasanopportunitytogainanadvantageforyourself利用（??为自己谋利）

eg:Theyexploitedhergenerosityshamelessly.他们无耻地利用了她的大方。其他词义

use,workordevelopfully（esp.minesandothernaturalresources）利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）

eg:exploitoilreserves,waterpower,solarenergy,etc.开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能等衍生

exploitableadj.thatcanbeexploited可利用的；可开发的eg:fewexploitablecoal-mines少量可开采的煤矿

exploitationn.exploitingorbeingexploited利用；开发eg:fullexploitationofoilwells充分利用油井资源

generationn.allthepeoplewhowerebornataboutthesametime（统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人eg:experiencehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration世代相传的经验其他词义产生；发生

eg:thegenerationofelectricitybysteamorwater-power蒸汽或水力发电衍生

generatev.cause（sth.）toexistoroccur;produce使（某物）存在或发生；产生eg:generateheat,electricity,power,etc.产生热﹑电﹑动力等hatredgeneratedbyracialprejudice种族偏见引起的仇恨TextA

Reflections:FriendshipandLoyaltyP1

Howmanyofusrecognizetrueloyaltyinafriend?Loyaltyconsistsofafriend,whowillstickbyyou,throughthickandthin.Afriendwhoisalwayshonestwithyouandneverbetraysthefriendshipwithlies

isaloyalfriend.Ifyouhavealoyalfriend,youhaveindeedfoundatruevirtueinthatfriend.P2

ThecurrenttrendontheInternetisbefriendinganyonewhorequeststobeyourfriend.However,thisnewtrendmayleadtodisasters.Itmaybepopularandtrendytohaveanetworkfilledwithamultitudeofmutualfriends.However,onetrueloyalfriendmaybetheonlyfriendyouneed.P3AtermusedonthepopularFacebooksiteisB.F.F.Thisacronymmeansbestfriendsforever.Aretheyreallyyourbestfriendsforever?Youmightaskyourselfthisquestion,\othersonthepagesofFacebook,orperishthethought,engageingossipaboutmewithothers?\Iftheanswertothatis,\foraday.P4

IchoosetohaveaB.L.F.,abestloyalfriend,forthoseofyouwhomaybechallengedbytheuseofacronymsduringthisageoftechnologyandfast-talking.P5

Loyaltyfoundinafriendisakintomakingadepositinabankaccount.Moreoftenthannot,yourdepositsgaininterest,aninterestinyourwell-beingandwelfare.Aloyalfriendattractsanotherloyalfriend.Inessence,waterdoesseekitsownlevel.P6

IfyouwereaB.L.F.waybeforeFacebookgainednotoriety,thenI'msureyouunderstandthepremiseofloyaltyinafriend.YoushouldneverexploityourB.L.F.togainmorefriendsormakeyourselfseemmoreimportanttoothers.Thesearenotthetraitsofabestloyalfriend.P7

Abestloyalfrienddoesnotcarewhoisinvitedtoyourparty.Theywillattendyourpartyandcelebrateyou,justinthewayabestloyalfriendshoulddo.P8

ReconnectingwithabestloyalfriendiseasiertodoonthepagesofFacebook.However,avirtualfrienddoesnotassureyouofhisloyalty.Mycautiontoyouisthatyou'dbetterpayattentiontothesmilingfacesontheFacebookpages.Intheeightieswewerewarnedofsmilingfacesinasong,whichcontainedtheselyrics,\Asmileisjustafrownturnedupsidedown,myfriend.\Now,thatistheundisputedtruthformygeneration.链接：关于友情的英语句子和诗歌

Topreserveafriendthreethingsarerequired:tohonorhimpresent,praisehimabsent,andassisthiminhisnecessities.

维持友情需要三点：当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。FriendshipIsLiketheBreezebyTerriFanning

Friendshipislikethebreeze，Youcan'tholdit，Smellit，Tasteit，

Orknowwhenit'scoming，Butyou