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2022-2023年内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.
Theteenagerswhoconductbullyinginschoolwillcommitcrimesintheiradulthoods.
A.YB.NC.NG
2.
VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.
A.YB.NC.NG
3.
InChina,mosttalentedstudentshavebeensentabroadto______--chieflyatthegraduatelevel.
4.EndYourBackPain
Likeanexpensivebuttemperamentalsportscar,thehumanspinisbeautifullydesignedandmaddeninglyunreliable.Ifyouarealiving,breathinghumanbeing,youhaveprobablysufferedtheagonyofbackpain.Andaslongaspeoplecontinuetoleadoverweight,sedentaryandstressfullives,thenumberofsufferersisunlikelytogoanywhereotherthanup.
Asitdoes,armiesofnewback-painsufferers,manydesperateandevendisabled,willseekrelief.Whentheydo,they'llquicklydiscoverjusthowcomplicatedtheirproblemreallyis,withitsmystifyingmixofphysicalsymptomsandpsychologicalunderpinnings.Therealityisthattheagonywilloftengoawayonitsown—impossibleasthatmayseemwhenyouarewrithing(痛苦扭曲)onthekitchenfloor.TheGreatPainMystery
Backpaincanoriginateanywhereintheelaboratespinalarchitecture.Degenerateddiscs(椎间盘),whichmanyleadtoherniation(突出)andcompressednerves,areacommonproblem.Thentherethosewrenchingpainprovokedbymuscleinjuries,whichcandropgrownmentothefloor.What'smostmysteriousaboutbackproblemsisthefrequentdisconnectbetweenanatomicaldefectsandpain.Unlikebloodpressureandcholesterol(胆固醇),whichcouldbemeasuredwitharmcuffsandbloodtests,lower-backpainhasnoobjectiveway—thevolumeoftears?theintensityofagrimace?—tobegauged.
Manytimes,theprecisecauseofpainremainsunknown.Imagingtestsfoundthattwopeoplewithherniateddiscscanleadradicallydifferentlives:Onespendshisdayspoppingpainkillers,theotherwaltzesthroughlife.Inawell-knownstudy,researcherschecked98healthypeople:Two-thirdshadabnormaldiscseventhoughnonecomplainedofpain.Therealissueiswhysomepeoplehaveamildbackacheandsomehavereallycripplingpain.Inanotherresearch,expertscomparedagroupofpatientswhoreportedbackpainwithacontrolgroupwhodidnot.Closetotwo-thirdsifthepainpatientshadcracksintheirdiscs,so-calledhigh-intensityzones,orHIZs.Butsodid24percentofthenon-complainers.
Theanswerhasasmuchtodowiththemindaswiththebody.IntheHIZstudy,thebestpredictorofpainwasnothowbadthedefectlooked,butthepatient'spsychologicaldistress.Depressionandanxietyhavelongbeenlinkedtopain;arecentCanadianstudyfoundthatpeoplewhosufferfromseveredepressionarefourtimesmorelikelytodevelopintenseordisablingneckorlow-backpain.AtNewYork'sHospitalforSpecialSurgery,psychiatristGregoryLutzsaysheoftenseesmenwhohavetwothingsincommon:cripplingsciatica(坐骨神经痛)andanupcomingweddingdate.Theproblemintheirback,possiblyadegeneratedorherniateddisc,likelyalreadyexisted,saysDr.Lutz,butwasintensifiedbythepre-marriagejitters.
SpineSurgeryBreakthrough
Painispain,andmanywantaquickfixandthatmeanssurgery.Spinal-fusionsurgery,oneofthemostinvasiveandcostlyformsoftherapy(about$42,000)hasmorethandoubledintheUSsince1993,toabout350,000in2003.Discectomy,whichisdonelessinvasively,hasalsospikedto342,000surgeriesperyear.Buttheseproceduresdon'tworkforeveryone.
Theincreaseinallspinalsurgeryhasbeenpromotedinpartbytechnicaladvancespromisingbetteroutcomes.Perhapsthemostintriguingnewdevelopmentistheartificialcobalt-chromedisc.InOctober2004,theUSFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)approvedthefirstsuchdisc,theCharite,forpatientswithdegenerativediscdisease.Thethree-piecedevicehasaslidingmedical-gradeplasticcoresandwichedbetweentwometalplates,whichallowsthespinetomove.Itisbelievedthat,suchdiscs,likekneereplacements,willgivepatientsmoremobilitythantraditionalfusionsurgery.Andtheywillgetoutofbedalotsoonertoo.Thekeyistobev
A.plainageing
B.spinedefects
C.surgicalfailures
D.mentalstress
5.
Theproblemseitherwiththedispensermechanismorwiththebillscanleadto______.
6.
Vegetableoils,nutsandseedsarerichinsaturatedfat.
A.YB.NC.NG
7.
Therearemoregrindsinmilitarycollegesthaninothercolleges.
A.YB.NC.NG
8.
TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.
A.YB.NC.NG
9.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
HowtoSolveThreePuzzles
Newknowledgeandsophisticateddiagnostictechniquesarehelpingdoctorsrecognizeearlysignsofautism(孤独症),Alzheimer'sdisease(痴呆症)andheartproblemsinwomen.Harvardexpertsreportontheadvancesthataregivingpatientshope.
DetectingAutism
Earlydiagnosis(诊断)ofautismiscriticalbecauseeducationalprogramsthatbuilduponachild'sstrengthsandimprovesocialskillsmayhelpsculptthedevelopingbrain,minimizingtheimpactoftheillnesslaterinlife.Butspottingthedisorderishardsincethereisnotestforit,althoughscientistsareslowlyuncoveringgeneabnormalitiesthatmakechildrenvulnerabletoautism.LastweekTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinereportedthataspecificlocationonchromosome(染色体)16wasthesiteofmutationsresponsibleforsomecasesofautism.
Fornow,diagnosisdependsonobservingachild'sbehavior.It'sacomplexprocess,sincenotwocasesarealikeandsignsrangefrommildtosevere,landed,eventhoughsignsofautismmaybeapparentbeforetheirfirstbirthday,mostchildrenaren'tdiagnoseduntiltheageof3.Thatmakesparents,whoaresointimatelyfamiliarwiththeirchild'sbehavior,perhapsthemosteffectivediagnostic”tools."TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsrecentlyissuedscreeningguidelinesrecommendingthatpediatriciansengageparentsinevaluatinginfantsforautism.Evenbabiesdevelopingtypically,theguidelinessay,shouldbescreenedatsetintervals,suchasduringthe9-,18-and24-monthvisits.
Healthyinfantsasyoungas6or8monthsdocommunicateandrespondnonverballytosocialcues.Mostlookuporturnatthesoundoftheirname.By12monthstheytypicallybabbleandpointatobjects.By16monthstheysaysinglewords;by24months,two-wordphrases.Incontrast,childrenwithautismseldommakemeaningfuleyecontactorrespondtofamiliarvoices.Theymayneverspeak.Theirplayisoftenrepetitiveandcharacterizedbylimitedimagination(neatlyarrangingcrayonsinsteadofcoloringwiththem).Othersmaysimplyflaptheirhandsinexcitementordisappointment.
Ontheirown,noneofthesesignsmeansthatachildhasautismoranotherdevelopmentaldisorder.Nevertheless,if'yourchildhasanyofthesesigns,heorshemeritsevaluation.Althoughnotreatmentsarecurative,theycanhelpchildrenlearntheskillstheyneedtocopeinanormalenvironment,achievegreaterindependenceandhavebrighterfutures.
TheAlzheimer'sMystery
Alzheimer'sdisease,whichbeginsyears,evendecades,beforeitcausessymptoms,isaquietlytickingtimebomb.Butuntilrecentlydoctorshadnodiagnostictestthatcould"hear"theticking.Unfortunately,itdidn'tmattermuchthatAlzheimer'scouldn'tbespottedearlyatastagecalledmildcognitiveimpairment,orMCI-sincetherewerenotreatments.Today,however,therearenewdiagnosticteststhatcandetectAlzheimer'satanearlystage,andseveraldisease-modifyingdrugsareinadvancedclinicaltrials.
Thebrainshrinkage(萎缩)causedbyAlzheimer'scannowbemeasuredwithvolumetricmagneticresonanceimaging(MR1).ThistechniquetakesaseriesofMRIbrainscansandthenusessophisticatedmathematicalmodelstoanalyzetheresults.Mostimportant,volumetricMRIenablesresearcherstoidentifysubtleshrinkageinbrainareasfirstaffectedb
A.menB.womenC.theyoungD.theold
10.Toimproveitsresponsibilitycommitments,thisyearIntelplanstogettheirinvestmentinenergyefficiency______.
11.
______onthedevelopingcountries'pathoutofpovertywouldbethecrimeofthecentury.
12.Ingeneral,whenitcomestotheissueofpopsingers'ethics,averagelistenersare______.
13.
Itishelpfulformanagerstotalkwiththeiremployeestolearntheworkplacenegativityproblems.
A.YB.NC.NG
14.
AccordingtotheUNestimates,mostcountriesintheworldwillexperiencenegativepopulationgrowthin2040.
A.YB.NC.NG
15.
Todayleisuremeansthetimeinwhichwehavenothingtodo.
A.YB.NC.NG
16.
Thereisscientificevidencethatthe"hippocampi"deepwithineachhalfofthebrainarethe"memorycenter,"wherelong-termmemoriesareprocessedandstored.
A.YB.NC.NG
17.
Asubstantialfiberlinkdamagedbyatrainderailmentaffected______.
18.YouTubecanhardlygenerateprofitbecause______.
A.itscontentcanbeillegal
B.itisonlypartofGoogle
C.itisnotwell-knownenough
D.itsetstoomanylimitstousers
19.AccordingtoRobertFeldman,theauthorofTheLiarinYourLife,Americansnow
A.regardthetruthasveryimportant
B.tendtoliemoreoftenthanbefore
C.startaconversationwiththreelies
D.hatetobedeceivedbytheirchildren
20.
The4200-acreranchiskeptasonelargeandintactarcheologicalsiteduetoWilcox's______.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(28)
A.Theplanetmustbeasbigandheavyastheearth.
B.Properconditionsareessentialtotheexistenceoflife.
C.Doublestarscanprovidesteadylightandheat.
D.Thedistancebetweenaplanetanditssunshouldberight.
22.听力原文:YoucouldsaythatJosephCornellbecameanartistbecauseofhisloveofcollecting.CornellusedtospendhisfreetimeexploringthestreetlifeofNewYorkCityinthe1920s.Hesoonstartedcollectingoldbooks,prints,postcardsandeventhree-dimensionalobjectsthathefoundinstoresthatsoldusedbooks.
Cornellalsoattendedmanymuseumshows,galleryopeningsanddanceperformances.HewasinfluencedbyagroupofartistscalledtheSurrealistswhocombinedimagesinunusualandoftenstrangeways.
JosephCornellstartedmakinghisownworksbycuttingoutdifferentpicturesandputtingthemtogetherincreativeandmagicalcombinations.Soon,hestartedmakingboxesinsideofwhichwerecarefullyarrangedpicturesandobjects.Heworkedonhisartatnightafterfinishinghisdayjob.Later,whenhisboxesandimagesstartedsellingandreceivingpublicrecognition,heworkedonhisartfulltime.
JosephCornelldiedin1972.TheSmithsonianexhibitshowedalmosttwohundredworksmadeduringhisforty-yearcareer,oneworkiscalled"SoapBubbleSet".Aboxwithaglasswindowshowsamapofthemoon,severalpicturesofseacreatures,twoglasscupsandtwowhitepipesforsmoking.Inanotherbox,Cornellcombinesanimageofacockatoobirdwithamusicboxandwatchfaces.
JosephCornelloncesaidhisartwasbasedoneverydayexperiences.Hesaidthatwithhisartheshowed"thebeautyofthecommonplace".Visitorswhocametothisspecialexhibitfoundmagicinregularobjects-andevensawbeautyinabox.
(33)
A.HeexploredthenightlifeofNewYork.
B.Hecollectedusedboxesfromthestreets.
C.Hejoinedmanyart-relatedactivities.
D.Heorganizedanartisticgroup.
23.
【B7】
24.(25)
A.Becauseshebelievedeggswerenotveryexpensiveandeatingeggscouldmakeherslim.
B.Becauseshethoughtherheartwasstrongandeatingtoomuchproteincouldnothurtherheart.
C.Becauseshehadbeentoldthateatingeggscouldhelphertohaveafinefigure.
D.Becauseshelikedeggssomuchthatshecouldnotstandifshedidn'teateggseveryday.
25.(29)
A.Manisalsoakindofanimal.
B.Therehavebeenmenformorethanamillionyears.
C.Likeanyotheranimals,manslowlychangedthroughtime.
D.Thereweremenafewmillionyearsago.
26.(31)
A.Howtobuyorsellshares.
B.Basicknowledgeofstockmarket.
C.Thestockmarketislikegambling.
D.Investingmoneyinthestockmarketisnotthesafestway.
27.(26)
A.Signhismealsintherestaurants.
B.Signhisdrinksinthebars.
C.CollecthiskeyfromtheInformationDesk.
D.Havethebell-boycarryhisluggage.
28.(32)
A.Theycaughtthemonthespot.
B.Theyfoundsomeevidenceatthescene.
C.Theydiscoveredthemonthevideo.
D.Theygotcluesfromsomewitnesses.
29.(43)
30.(22)
A.Havedinnerwithhim.
B.Writethepaperforhim.
C.Helphimwiththepaper.
D.Gotoclasseswithhim.
31.
【B9】
32.听力原文:M:I'dliketotakethesecartonsdowntothebasement.We'renotgoingtousewhat'sinthemanytimesoon,arewe?
W:Probablynot.Butwhydon'twegothroughthemfirstjusttomakesure?
Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheydo?
(16)
A.Checkthecontentsofthecartons.
B.Cleanoutthebasement.
C.Bringthecartonsupstairs.
D.Putvaluableitemsinasafeplace.
33.听力原文:W:Youhaveanunusualaccent,Mr.Robbins.Whereareyoufromoriginally,ifyoudon'tmindmeasking?
M:Notatall.IwasborninSpain,butIcametotheUnitedStateswhenIwasateenager.AndIstayedinLondonfortwoyearswhenincollege.
Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Robbins?
(16)
A.HewasborninSpain.
B.HegrewupinEngland.
C.HespenthisteenyearsinLondon.
D.HewenttoacollegeintheUSA.
34.
【B3】
35.听力原文:M:AreyoubusyFridaynight?Ifnot,wouldyouliketogototheconcert?
W:Ihaveafewcommitments.ButIthinkIcanpostponethemforanothertime,ifyoureallylikemeto.
Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?
(16)
A.Thewomanwillgohomefordinner.
B.Thewomanwillgototheconcert.
C.Bothofthemwillgohomebeforegoingtotheconcert.
D.Themanandwomanwilleattogether.
36.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.
听力原文:M:ManystudentsarecomplainingaboutProf.Gilmore'slectures.Theysayhegoesoverthetextbooktoofastinclass.Whatdoyouthink?
F:Well,Idon'thavetotakeasmanynotesasmoststudentsdo.Yousee,Ihaveasimilarcourseinanotherdepartment.MaybeI'mnotthebestpersontoask.
Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoman?
(12)
A.Shedoesn'tlikeProf.Gilmore'slectures,either.
B.Shedoesn'tliketotakenotes.
C.Shedoesn'treallycarewhatProf.Gilmoreteaches.
D.ShehasalreadyquitProf.Gilmore'scourseandchooseanewone.
37.(36)
A.Mastersneedn'tworrymuchaboutanimalillnesses.
B.Itdoesnotpaytoseekmedicalattendanceforanimals.
C.Someanimalsshouldgetattentionabouttheirhealthfortheirservicetoman.
D.Moreorganizationsshouldbeestablishedtoprovidefreetreatments.
38.SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe
Afewyearsagoitwas【B1】______tospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirelders.Parents【B2】______thatchildrendidnotshowthemproperrespectand【B3】______,whilechildrencomplainedthattheirparentsdidnotunderstandthematall.Whathadgonewrong?Whyhadthegenerationgapsuddenlyappeared?【B4】______thegenerationgaphasbeenaroundforalongtime.Many【B5】______arguethatitisbuiltintothefabricofoursociety.
Oneimportantcauseofthegenerationgapisthe【B6】______thatyoungpeoplehavetochoosetheirownlifestyles.Inmore【B7】______societies,whenchildrengrowup,theyareexpectedtoliveinthesameareaastheirparents,tomarrypeoplethattheirparentsknowand【B8】______of,andoftentocontinuethefamilyoccupation.Inoursociety,youngpeopleoftentravelgreatdistancesfortheireducation,moveoutofthefamilyhomeatanearlyage,marryorlivewith【B9】______.
Inourupwardlymobilesociety,parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrentodobetterthantheydid:tofindbetterjobs,tomakemoremoney,andtodoallthethingsthattheywereunabletodo.Often,however,【B10】______.Often,theydiscoverthattheyhaveverylittleincommonwitheachother.
Finally,thespeedatwhichchangestakeplaceinoursocietyisanothercauseofthegapbetweenthegenerations.Inatraditionalculture,【B11】______.Theyoungandtheoldseemtoliveintwoverydifferentworlds,separatedbydifferentskillsandabilities.
【B1】
39.(24)
A.Theticketpriceswereflat.
B.Thestudentsgotoboth.
C.Theywerebothmodem.
D.Theyofferthesameperformances.
40.
【B4】
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalsystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualhierarchies.Therearebothstateandfederalcourts.Eachstatehasitsownsystemofcourts,composedofcivilandcriminaltrialcourts,sometimesintermediatecourtsofappeal,andastatesupremecourt.Thefederalcourtsystemconsistsofaseriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)servingrelativelysmallgeographicregions,(isatleastoneforeverystate),acircuitcourtofappealsthathearsappealsfrommanydistrictcourtsinaparticulargeographicregion,andtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedstates.Thetwocourtsystemsaretosomeextentoverlapping,inthatcertainkindsofdisputes(suchasaclaimthatastatelawisinviolationoftheConstitution)maybeinitiatedineithersystem.Theyarealsotosomeextenthierarchical,forthefederalsystemstandsabovethestatesysteminthatlitigants(personsengagedinlaw-suits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheircasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.
Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.Mostcasesgonofurtherthanthetrialcourt.Forexample,thecriminaldefendantisconvicted(byatrialoraguiltyplea)andsentencedbythecourtandthecaseendsthepersonalinjurysuitresultsinajudgmentbyatrialcourt(oranout-of-courtsettlementbythepartieswhilethecourtsuitispending)andthepartiesleavethecourtsystem.Butsometimesthelosingpartyatthetrialcourtcaresenoughaboutthecausethatthematterdoesnotendthere.Inthesecases,the"loser"atthetrialcourtmayappealtothenexthighercourt.
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
A.Civilandcriminaltrialcourts.
B.Typicalcourtcases.
C.ThecourtsystemintheUnitedStates.
D.Theappealcourtprocess.
42.
Accordingtotheauthor,childrenincolonialNorthAmericaweremainlyvaluedfortheir______.
A.academicachievements
B.survivalinstincts
C.physicalcharacteristics
D.productiveroles
43.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Opponentsofbilingualeducationtellusthatthepublicisagainstbilingualeducation.Thisimpressionisaresultofthewaythequestionisasked.Onecaneasilygetanear100%【C1】______ofbilingualeducationwhenthequestionisbiased.Porter,forexample,statesthat"Manyparentsarenot【C2】______tohavingtheschoolsmaintainthemothertongueifitisatthe【C3】______ofgainingasoundeducationandtheEnglish-languageskillsneededforobtainingjobsor【C4】______highereducation".Whowouldsupportmothertongueeducationatsuchaprice?
However,whenrespondentsaresimplyaskedwhetherornottheysupportbilingualeducation,thedegreeofsupportisquite【C5】______:From60~99percentofsamplesofparentsandteacherssaytheysupportbilingualeducation.Ina【C6】______ofstudies,Shinexaminedattitudestowardtheprinciplesunderlyingbilingualeducation.Shinfoundthatmanyrespondentsagreewiththeideathatthefirstlanguagecanbe【C7】______inprovidingbackgroundknowledge,mostagreethatliteracy【C8】______acrosslanguages,andmostsupporttheprinciplesunderlyingcontinuingbilingualeducation.
Thenumberofpeopleopposedtobilingualeducationis【C9】______evenlessthantheseresultssuggest:manypeoplewhosaytheyareopposedtobilingualeducationareactuallyopposedtocertainpracticesorareopposedtoregulations【C10】______tobilingualeducation.
A)pursuingE)connectedI)strongM)helpful
B)improvingF)transfersJ)particularlyN)probably
C)seriesG)moveK)rejectionO)expense
D)largeH)committedL)range
【C1】
44.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorcitesCaesar'sfeasttosuggestthat______.
A.Caesarlikedraisinglivestockverymuch
B.thevictorywascelebratedveryseriously
C.peoplethinkeatingmeatisasymbolofwealthandvictory
D.Caesarwasnotavegetarian
45.
Whatisthemainfeatureofaneural-networkcomputer?
46.Whichstatementbestdescribestheauthor'sfeelingsaboutthewar?
A.Itwaseverrealforhim,thoughhemightnotactivelyinvolved.
B.Itwasrealforhimbecausehewasasoldieratthattime.
C.Itwasveryunrealtohim.
D.Thewarwasverydisruptivetothepeopleathome.
47.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Toseekfortruelove,onemustberealistic.
B.Aslongasweareemotionallymature,wecanalwaysenjoythehighoffallinginlove.
C.Lovedoesn'tdieevenifwemakewrongattemptstocontrolourpartners.
D.Themoreoneisloved,thelesssatisfiedheorshefeels.
48.
Emerson,accordingtothepassage,isprobablya(n)______.
A.scholarinfavorofintellect
B.pioneerofeducationreform
C.advocateofregularschooling
D.opponentofintellectualism
49.
Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat______.
A.itisquitesmoothforBorisFyodorovtoburycommunism
B.BorisFyodorovowedratherlargefortuneincludingablackcar
C.whatBorisFyodorovdidisoutofprudenceandcarefulthinking
D.BorisFyodorovestablishedUnitedFinancialGroupwithafriendin1994
50.
Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.
A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing
B.itssmelladdstobadbreath
C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria
D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva
51.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
ThedevelopingcountriesofCentralandSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsiaoncemerelyexportedrawmaterialsandcashcropsinreturnformanufacturedgoods.Peopleinthesecountriesprovidedformostoftheirownneedsthroughsubsistenceagricultureandsmall-scalecrafts.Intime,though,peopleinthesecountriesgrewincreasinglydependentontheglobaleconomy,becauselocalcraftscouldnotcompetewiththecheap,factory-madeexportsofthedevelopedcountries,suchasEuropeannations,theUnitedStates,andJapan.Todecreasetheirdependence,manydevelopingcountriessoughttostrengthentheireconomiesbybuildingfactories,moderndams,androadsduringthe1960sand1970s.Governmentsfrequentlymadepoorfinancialchoices.However,infrastructureprojectssuchasdamsandhighwayswereoftentoomassiveforlocalneeds.Choicesaboutindustryweresometimesnotbasedonthebestinterestsofthecountry,andprotectionfromcompetitionfrequentlyresultedininferiorgoods.Asaresult,productscouldnotcompeteontheglobalmarketwiththehigher-qualitygoodsfromtheindustrializedcountries.Manydevelopingcountriesthenhadlittleincometopayoffdebtsincurred(招致)duringtheirexpansion.
Afewdevelopingeconomiessucceededinbuildingprosperitythroughindustrializationduringthe20thcentury.ThemostnotableofthesewereSouthKorea,Singapore,andHongKongS.A.R.LikeJapanduringthe19thcentury,theyestablishedtariffsandotherbarrierstoprotectlocalproductsfromforeigncompetitionandinvestedlocalwealthinindustrialdevelopment.AlsolikeJapan,theyfocusedonsellingtheproductstheymanufacturedtoforeignconsumersinordertobringwealthintothecountry.Bytheendofthe20thcenturysomeexpertsconsideredtheseeconomiestobedeveloped,ratherthandeveloping,althoughmanyofSouthKorea'seconomicsuccesseswerereversedinthefinancialcrisisof1997.Followingasimilarpath,Chinaadvancedeconomicallythrougharapidexpansionofmanufacturedexportsduringthelate20thcentury,
Meanwhile,multinationalsbasedintheeconomicallydevelopedworldsetuplow-wagemanufacturingfacilitiesinsomedevelopingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiaandinCentralandSouthAmerica.Thesefactoriestypicallygeneratedfewlong-termbenefitsforthelocaleconomy.Theprofitsflowedoutsidethecountrytotheshareholdersoftheforeignmultinationals.Also,thedevelopingcountrieswereforcedtoparticipateina"racetothebottom"toattractmultinationalinvestment.Ifadevelopingcountryoritspeoplesoughthigherwagesoren
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