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不景气slump〔衰退recession〕二板市场thesecondboardmarket中国创业板ChinaGrowthEnterpriseMarket首次上市IPOs(initialpublicoffering)市场资本总额marketcapitalization法人股institutionalshares内部股(非上市招股〕privatecompanyshares牛市bullmarket法律风险legalrisk风险管理riskmanagement坚持严格的贷款标准maintainstrongunderwritingstandards六大风险risksin6keyareas(U.S.FederalReservecriterion)信用风险creditrisk供给学派supply-sideeconomist第一产业(农业)agriculture(primaryindustry)第二产业(工业〕manufacturingindustry(secondaryindustry)第三产业〔效劳业〕serviceindustry(tertiaryindustry〕主要经济指标majoreconomicindicators国内生产总值GDPgrossdomesticproduct(商品和劳务币值总和,不包括海外收入支出)国民生产总值GNPgrossnationalproduct(商品和劳务币值总和,包括海外收入支出)人均国内生产总值GDPpercapita宏观经济macroeconomy互助基金mutualfund扩大内需expanddomesticdemand改善居民心理预期inspirethegeneralpublic'sconfidenceinthefutureneeds鼓励增加即期消费encouragemoreimmediateconsumption长期国债long-termtreasurybonds支付国债利息toservicetreasurybonds财政赤字和债务deficitsandthenationaldebt按原口径计算calculateonthebaseline按不变价格计算calculateatconstantprice按可比价格计算calculateatcomparableprice列入财政预算支出listedinthefiscalbudget结售汇制度thesystemofexchange,settlementandsales经常工程顺差favorablebalanceofcurrentaccount,surplusofcurrentaccount开办人民币业务engageinRenminbi(RMB)business出口退税制度thesystemofrefundingtaxesonexportedgoods保证金台帐制度Depositaccountsystemforprocessingtrade分期付款paybyinstallment保值储蓄inflation-proofbanksavings抵押贷款collateralisedloans住房抵押贷款residentialmortgageloan货币主义者monetarist方案经济plannedeconomy指令性方案mandatoryplan技术密集型technologyintensive大规模生产massproduction经济林cashtree跟踪审计follow-upauditing流动性风险liquidityrisk操作风险operationalrisk内部审计internalaudit抛售bearsales配套政策supportingpolicies中国人民银行〔中央银行〕ThePeople’sBankofChina〔centralbank)四大国有商业银行4majorstate-ownedcommercialbanks中国银行Bankofchina中国工商银行IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(〕and中国建立银行ConstructionBankofChina中国农业银行AgriculturalBankofChina招商银行ChinaMerchantsBank疲软股票softstock配股allotmentofshares实际增长率growthrateinrealterms年均增长率averagegrowthrateperannum投资回报率rateofreturnoninvestment外贸进出口总额totalforeigntradevalue实际利用外资incomingoverseascapital(investment)inplace消费价格指数consumerpriceindex〔CPI)零售价格指数retailpriceindex〔RPI〕生活费用价格总指数totalpriceindexoflivingcost生活费用incomeavailableforlivingexpenses扣除物价因素inrealterms/oninflation-adjustedbasis居民储蓄存款residents’banksavingsdeposit恩格尔系数(食品开支占总支出的比例〕Engelcoefficient基尼系数(衡量地区差异)Ginicoefficient购置力平价法purchasingpowerparity(PPP〕(衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法,用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购置力〕片面追求开展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth泡沫经济bubbleeconomy经济过热overheatingofeconom通货膨胀inflation实体经济therealeconomy经济规律lawsofeconomics市场调节marketregulation优化资源配置optimizeallocationofresources规模经营优势advantageofeconomiesofscale劳动密集型laborintensive市场风险marketrisk收紧银根tightenupmonetarypolicy适度从紧的财政政策moderatelytightfiscalpolicy信用紧缩creditcrunch加强国有商业银行内部资金调度Instatecommercialbanks,internalcapitalallocationshouldbeimproved.合理划分贷款审批权限Limitsofauthorityforexaminingandapprovingloansshouldberationallydefined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款ensurefloatingcapitalloansforwell-performingandtrustworthyenterpriseswhichturnouttherightproductsfortherightmarkets启动民间投资attractinvestmentfromtheprivatesector适销对路的产品therightproducts/readilymarketableproducts国有企业state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)集体企业collectively-owned〔partnership)enterprises私营企业privatebusinesses民营企业privately-runbusinesses中小企业small-and-medium-sizedenterprises三资企业(中外合资、中外合作、外商独资〕overseas-investedenterprises;foreign-investedenterprises(Chinese-overseasequityjointventures,Chinese-overseascontractualjointventures,whollyforeign-ownedenterprises〕存款保证金guarantymoneyfordeposits货币回笼withdrawalofcurrencyfromcirculation吸收游资absorbidlefund经常性贷款commerciallending经常性支出operatingexpenses再贷款re-lending;subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资supportlargestate-ownedenterprisesandhighandinnovativetechnologycompaniesintheireffortstoseekfinancingbylistingonthestockmarket改制上市Anenterpriseisre-organizedaccordingtomoderncorporatesystemsothatitwillgetlistedonthestockmarket.进一步标准和开展证券市场furtherstandardizeanddevelopthesecuritiesmarket增加直接融资比重increasetheproportionofdirectfinancing完善股票发行上市制度improvethesystemforIPOandlistingonstockmarkets中国证监会ChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)深圳证券交易所市ShenzhenStockExchange上海证券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange综合指数compositeindex纳斯达克〔高技术企业板〕NASDAQ〔NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomatedQuotation主板市场themainboard通货紧缩deflation中国现代化建立分三步走的战略thethree-stepdevelopmentstrategyofChina’smodernizationdrive第一步,到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番StepOne:GDPof1990doublesthatof1980.第二步,到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番,人民生活到达小康水平StepTwo:GDPof2000quadruplesthatof1980;peopleliveafairlycomfortablelife.第三步,到21世纪中期建国100周年时,到达中等兴旺国家水平StepThree:Bytheyear2049,the100thanniversaryoftheP.R.C.,China’slevelofdevelopmentisexpectedtobeonparwiththemid-rankingdevelopedcountries与世界经济的联系将更加严密bemorecloselylinkedtotheworldeconomy中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购置力ThehugemarketpotentialthatChinaenjoyswillbeturnedintotangiblepurchasingpower.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全Theregulatoryandlegalsystemisnotwellestablishedastoadapttothedemandofmarketeconomy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应Theeconomicmanagementsystemmaynotbereadilyadaptedtothechanges.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击Somesectorsofeconomyandsomebusinessesmaybeadverselyaffected.立足中国国情,发挥自身优势proceedfromnationalconditionsinChinaandbringouradvantagesintoplay扬长避短,趋利避害,迎接经济全球化的挑战fosterstrengthsandcircumventweaknessesandrisetothechallengeofeconomicglobalization瓶颈制约bottleneckconstraints放权让利decentralizationandinterestconcessions(inlate1980sandearly1990s)深化改革intensifyreform;deepenone’scommitmenttoreform配套改革supporting〔concomitant)reforms配套资金counterpartfunds;localfundingof提高经济效益improveeconomicperformance;increaseeconomicreturns讲求社会效益valuecontributiontosociety;payattentiontosocialeffect加速国民经济信息化developinformation-basedeconomyaccelerateITapplicationineconomy拉动经济增长fueleconomicgrowth利改税substitutionoftaxpaymentforprofitdelivery费改税transformadministrativefeesintotaxes债转股debt-to-equityswap头寸宽裕(头寸紧缺〕inaneasyposition(tightposition)朝阳产业sunriseindustry招标投标制thesystemofpublicbiddingforproject充分发挥货币政策的作用givefullplaytotheroleofmonetarypolicy实施积极的财政政策followapro-activefiscalpolicy向银行增发国债,扩大投资Thegovernmentissuedadditionaltreasurybondstobankstoincreaseinvestment.再注资recapitalization放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy信息经济ITeconomy外向型经济export-orientedeconomy信息时代informationage全球化globalization〔全球性globality〕信誉风险reputationalrisk风险评级riskrating到期不还贷defaultonaloan资不抵债insolvency;beinsolvent亚洲金融危机Asianfinancialcrisis(1997-98)投资〔贷款)组合investment(loan)portfolio外汇储藏充足sufficientforeignexchangereserves中国金融业问题problemswithfinancialsectorinChina储蓄比例过高theexcessivelylargeproportionofsavingsinthemoneysupply国有企业产负债率过高highleverageratioofthestate-ownedenterprises,国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高highratioofnon-performingloansofthestatecommercialbanks少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务insolvencyofahandfulofsmallandmedium-sizedfinancialinstitutions不良贷款non-performingloans防范和化解金融风险addressfinancialrisks提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力improveenterprises’creditworthinessandabilitytofulfiltheircivilliabilities监事会supervisoryboard实行慎重会计制度adoptprudentialaccountingstandards五级分类法划分贷款质量thefive-categoryassetclassificationapproach金融资产管理公司financialassetmanagementcompanies别离和收回不良资产substantiallyreducetheratioofnon-performingassets分业管理、规模经营businesssegregation,economyofscale标准金融机构市场退出制度improvethemarketexitmechanismforfinancialinstitutions政策性银行statepolicy-relatedbank国家开展银行StateDevelopmentBank知识经济knowledge-basedeconomy网络经济Internet-basednetworkedeconomy指导性方案guidanceplan社会主义市场经济〔中国〕socialistmarketeconomy社会市场经济(德国)socialmarketeconomy新经济(美国)neweconomy中国光大银行EverbrightBankofChina中国民声银行ChinaMinshengBankingCorporationLtd.中信实业银行CITICIndustrialBank中国进出口银行ChinaEXIMBank汇丰银行HongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HKSBC)金融监管financialsupervision中国人民银行法LawofthePeople’sBankofChina商业银行法LawofCommercialBanks保险法LawofInsurance证券法LawofSecurities巴塞尔原那么BaselCorePrinciples监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全problemsofsupervisedentities’behaviorandtheunsoundinternalgovernancemechanism风险意识consciousnessofriskprevention事前监管proactiveregulationandsupervisionaccountnumber帐目编号depositor存户pay-inslip存款单adepositform存款单abandingmachine自动存取机todeposit存款depositreceipt存款收据privatedeposits私人存款certificateofdeposit存单depositbook,passbook存折creditcard信用卡principal本金overdraft,overdraw透支tocountersign双签toendorse背书endorser背书人tocash兑现tohonoracheck兑付todishonoracheck拒付tosuspendpayment止付check支票checkbook支票本ordercheck记名支票bearercheck不记名支票crossedcheck横线支票blankcheck空白支票rubbercheck空头支票checkstub,counterfoil票根cashcheck现金支票traveler'scheck旅行支票checkfortransfer转帐支票outstandingcheck未付支票canceledcheck已付支票forgedcheck伪支票Bandar'snote庄票,银票banker银行家president行长savingsbank储蓄银行ChaseBank大通银行NationalCityBankofNewYork花旗银行HongkongShanghaiBankingCorporation汇丰银行CharteredBankofIndia,AustraliaandChina麦加利银行BanquedeI'IndoChine东方汇理银行centralbank,nationalbank,banker'sbank中央银行bankofissue,bankofcirculation发行币银行commercialbank商业银行,储蓄信贷银行memberbank,creditbank储蓄信贷银行discountbank贴现银行exchangebank汇兑银行requestingbank委托开证银行issuingbank,openingbank开证银行advisingbank,notifyingbank通知银行negotiationbank议付银行confirmingbank保兑银行payingbank付款银行associatebankerofcollection代收银行consignedbankerofcollection委托银行clearingbank清算银行localbank本地银行domesticbank国内银行overseasbank国外银行unincorporatedbank钱庄branchbank银行分行trusteesavingsbank信托储蓄银行trustcompany信托公司financialtrust金融信托公司unittrust信托投资公司trustinstitution银行的信托部creditdepartment银行的信用部commercialcreditcompany〔discountcompany)商业信贷公司〔贴现公司〕neighborhoodsavingsbank,bankofdeposit街道储蓄所creditunion合作银行creditbureau商业兴信所self-servicebank无人银行landbank土地银行constructionbank建立银行industrialandcommercialbank工商银行bankofcommunications交通银行mutualsavingsbank互助储蓄银行postofficesavingsbank邮局储蓄银行mortgagebank,buildingsociety抵押银行industrialbank实业银行homeloanbank家宅贷款银行reservebank准备银行charteredbank特许银行correspondingbank往来银行merchantbank,acceptingbank承兑银行investmentbank投资银行importandexportbank(EXIMBANK〕进出口银行jointventurebank合资银行moneyshop,nativebank钱庄creditcooperatives信用社clearinghouse票据交换所publicaccounting公共会计businessaccounting商业会计costaccounting本钱会计depreciationaccounting折旧会计computerizedaccounting电脑化会计generalledger总帐subsidiaryledger分户帐cashbook现金出纳帐cashaccount现金帐journal,day-book日记帐,流水帐baddebts坏帐investment投资surplus结余idlecapital游资economiccycle经济周期economicboom经济繁荣economicrecession经济衰退economicdepression经济萧条economiccrisis经济危机economicrecovery经济复苏inflation通货膨胀deflation通货收缩devaluation货币贬值revaluation货币增值internationalbalanceofpayment国际收支favorablebalance顺差adversebalance逆差hardcurrency硬通货softcurrency软通货internationalmonetarysystem国际货币制度thepurchasingpowerofmoney货币购置力moneyincirculation货币流通量noteissue纸币发行量nationalbudget国家预算nationalgrossproduct国民生产总值publicbond公债stock,share股票debenture债券treasurybill国库券debtchain债务链directexchange直接〔对角〕套汇indirectexchange间接(三角)套汇crossrate,arbitragerate套汇汇率foreigncurrency(exchange)reserve外汇储藏foreignexchangefluctuation外汇波动foreignexchangecrisis外汇危机discount贴现discountrate,bankrate贴现率goldreserve黄金储藏money(financial)market金融市场stockexchange股票交易所broker经纪人commission佣金bookkeeping簿记bookkeeper簿记员anapplicationform申请单bankstatement对帐单letterofcredit信用证strongroom,vault保险库equitabletaxsystem等价税那么specimensignature签字式样bankinghours,businesshours营业时间share,equity,stock股票、股权negotiableshare可流通股份treasury/governmentbond国库券/政府债券closed-endsecuritiesinvestmentfund封闭式证券投资基

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