高考英语高三模拟预测卷新课标

第第页2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题(一)英语 ★祝考试顺利★2022.12注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，共37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APuppetperformancesofvarioustypeswerepopularinChina.TheChinesepuppettheaterscomeinfourforms:marionettesonstringsorwires(提线木偶),rodpuppets(杖头木偶),shadowplays(皮影戏)andhandmanipulatedglove-type-puppets(手套式木偶)MarionetteMarionetteswereusuallycarvedfrompiecesofwood,andtheassembledpartsarehungonstrings.Chinesemarionetteplaysaremostlyperformedintheopenairwithoutacurtaintohidethepuppeteers(木偶师),unlikethecommonpracticeintheWestandspectatorscanseeboththeperformancesandtheperformersfromthethreesidesofthestage.RodPuppetryChineserodpuppetsarehandledbythreerods(杆子).Performersusedtowearspecialtraditionaltheatricalrobeswithbigsleevessothattherodsweresomewhathidden,butmodernperformerstendtolettheirhandsandrodsshow.Onerodisattachedtothepuppet'shead.Theothertwoareattachedtothearms.ThelegsareleftwithoutrodsShadowPuppetShadowshowswereplayedoutonscreensorwallsforthousandsofyearstoentertainandinstruct.Asimplelampandathinscreenwasallthatwasneededforastage.Thingslikepeople,animals,furniturewallsandplantswereshownonthescreenbyplacingfiguresmadeofcardboardorleatherinfrontofthelamp.Glove-type-PuppetGlove-typepuppets,liketheMarionettes,arequitefamiliarintheWest.Glovepuppetsarestillcommontoysthere.Incontrasttoshadowplaysthatwerestagedeveninpoorprimitive(原始的)villages,thestagesforglove-type-puppettheaterwereoftenfinelymade.Thereweresmallpalacecourtyardswithrichlydecoratedbuildingsangoldenroofs.TherearemodernpuppetshowsofseveraltypesthatyoucanseeincitiesaroundChina.ThemorefamouspuppettheatersincludeChinaPuppetTheaterandtheShanghaiPuppetTheater.21.Whichpuppetshowcanbeseenboththeperformancesandtheperformers?A.Marionette.C.Shadowpuppet.B.Rodpuppetry.D.Glove-typepuppet.22.Theperformersofrodpuppetrywearclotheswithbigsleevesto.A.handlethepuppetsbetter.C.addtensiontotheirperformances.B.hidetherodsandtheirhands.D.attachtherodstothearmsofthepuppets.23.Whatcanweinferaboutglove-typepuppets?A.TheyhavenocommonwiththeMarionette.B.TheyarestilllovedbychildrenintheWest.C.Theyarestillplayedinpoorprimitivevillages.D.Theyareshowedonscreensorwalls.BHenriettaLackswasdiagnosedwithcervicalcancer(宫颈癌)in1951attheageofher31,shortlyaftergivingbirthtoherfifthchild.Atthetime,manyhospitalsintheUSstillseparatedblackpeoplefromwhitepeople,sotherewerefewoptionsforhertoseektreatmentwhenshestartedsufferingsymptoms.SheturnedtoJohnsHopkinsHospital,asitwasthenearesttoherhome.Duringthetreatmenttoremovehertumor(肿瘤),herdoctorsentasmallsampleoftissuewithoutherpermissiontoGey,aresearcherwhohadbeentryingtogrowhumancellsinhislabfordecades.Uptothispoint,attemptstogrowhumancellsoutsidethebodyhadbeenfailures.ButsomethingaboutLacks'scellswasabouttochangethat.Inmostpeople,anaturalprocesscalledsenescence(细胞衰老)putsalimitonthelifespanofcells.Senescenceislinkedtoaging:ascellsdivideandmultiplyovertime,theaccuracyofeachaccompanyreplicationofDNAdecreases.Typicallyhumancellsareabletodividearound50timesbeforetheyreachsenescence.ButLacks'scellsweredifferent.Hercellswereabletodivideandreplicateunlimitedly.Itmadethemperfectformedicalresearchasacultureofidenticalcellscouldbegrownquickly.Soon,scientistsallovertheworldweretakingshipmentsofLacks'scellsfortheirresearch.Hercellline,whichcametobeknownas"HeLa"inhonorofLacks,isthefirstandmostcommonlyusedeverlastingcelllineinmedicine.Millionsofpeopleowetheirlivestothetissuetakenfromher—thecelllineitgeneratedwasusedtocreatethefirstpoliovaccine.WhatmadeithardforLackstogettreatmentwhenill?A.Racialdiscrimination.C.Poverty.B.Advancedage.D.Poortechnology.25.Theunderlined“that”intheParagraph2refersto_______.A.Lacks’spermissiontosenthercellsB.AttentiontogrowhumancellsinthelabC.FailurestogrowhumancellsoutsidethebodyD.Researcherswhogotthesample26.WhyLacks’scellsweresuitableformedicalresearch?A.Theycouldavoidsenescence.C.Theycoulddividewithoutlimitation.B.Theywereusedbymanyscientists.D.Theywereeasytoget.27.Whatwasthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThepriceofHeLacells.C.TheownerofHeLacells.B.ThediscoveryofHeLacells.D.TheapplicationsofHeLacells.CAlthoughe-commercehasgrownonthebackoftechnologicalinnovation,increasingsmartphoneusageandrisingdemandfromconsumerswithbiggerdisposableincomesitisfarfromposinganymajorthreattophysicalretailoutlets.Indeed,growthofboththebricks-and-mortar(实体店)ande-commercesectorsarerestrainedbyavarietyofsystemicandstructuralissuesthatpreventtheretailmarketfromflourishingfurther.Thefirstisfearoffraud(诈骗)fromAfricanconsumers.OnlinetransactionshaveyettobeanareathatmostAfricansconsidertrustworthy,andmanyconsumersstillbelievethatanydemandforpaymentfromanonlinesourcerepresentsafraud.Thisfearisworsenedbylogisticsnetwork(物流网络)withproblems—poortransportinfrastructureandirregularprovisionofelectricity.Tomakemattersworse,addressrecordsinmanyAfricannationsaresub-standard,meaningthatinstancesofundeliveredpackages,mislaiditemsordelaysarefrequent.Evenife-commercemanagestotacklethesephysicalinfrastructuretroubles,andmobileoperatorsmanagetoploughevergreaterlevelsofcapitalcosttoensurethatnetworkcoverageisstrong,apotentiallybiggerproblemremains.LevelsofbasicliteracyinAfricaareperhapsthelowestofanycontinentintheworld.Around153millionadultsinAfrica(around38%ofthepopulation)areconsidereduncultured.Thesestructuralissuesarethereforelikelytoholde-commerceback.However,theirrefutablepointisthataccesstotechnologyisontheriseincontinentalAfrica,bringingalargerrangeofgoodstoawiderrangeofconsumers,andthatsignalsapositivefuturefore-commercecompaniesthatarepreparedtoplayalong-termgameinshapingmushroomingsector.28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.E-commerceisthreateningretailbusinessinAfricaalot.B.E-commercecansatisfythehigherdemandsfromconsumers.C.E-commerceispreventedbyvarioussystemicandstructuralissuesinAfrica.D.E-commercedevelopsrapidlyduetotechnologicaladvancesinAfrica.29.Whydotheinstancesofundeliveredpackages,mislaiditemsordelayshappenfrequentlyinAfrica?A.BecausetheeconomyinAfricancountriesdevelopedbadly.B.BecausemanyaddressrecordsareunqualifiedinAfricannations.C.BecauseAfricanconsumersisafraidtobecheatedbythesellers.D.BecausethelogisticsnetworkinAfricahaslotsofproblems.30.Thebiggestobstacletoe-commerceinAfricais.A.Uneducatedpeople.B.Badlogisticsnetwork.C.Pooreconomy.D.Infrastructuretroubles.31.Whichcanbethebestsubstitutefortheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A.Can’tbecontradicted.B.Can’tbecomprehended.C.Can’tbeaccepted.D.Can’tbeimagined.DAllthewhile,oneofourmostvaluablefirefightingallieshasremainedoverlooked:Thebeaver(河狸).Fordecades,scientistshaverecognizedthattheNorthAmericanbeaverprovidesseriesofecologicalbenefitsthroughoutitsrangefromnorthernMexicotoAlaska.Beaverpondsandwetlandshavebeenshowntofilteroutwaterpollution,sequestercarbon(帮助固碳),andattenuatefloods(减轻洪水).Researchershavelongsuspectedthatthesearchitectsofferyetanothercrucialservice:Slowingthespreadofwildfire.Arecentstudyconcludesthat,buildingdams,formingponds,anddiggingcanals,beaverswatervaststreamcorridorsandcreatefireproofrefugesinwhichplantsandanimalscanshelter.Insomecases,thebeavers'engineeringcanevenstopfireinitstracks."EmilyFairfax,anecohydrologistatCaliforniaStateUniversityChannelIslands,andcolleagueAndrewWhittlechosemajorwildfiresthathadoccurredsince2000infiveU.S.states—California,Colorado,Idaho,Oregon,andWyoming—andsearchedsatelliteimagesfornearbybeaverdamsandponds.Then,usingastatisticalmeasureofplanthealth,theycalculatedthelushness(光泽度)ofthesurroundingvegetationbefore,during,andafterthefires.Unsurprisingly,well-wateredplantstendedtoappearvividgreeninthesatellitephotos,whiledryplantslookedcomparativelybrown.Agreen,hydrated(含水的)plant,ofcourse,isalsolessflammable(易燃的)thanadry,crispyone.Andthat'swhatmakesbeaverecosystemssofireproof.Theselifeboatsdon'tmerelyprotectbeaversthemselves:Avarietyofanimals—includingamphibians,reptiles,birds,andsmallmammals—likelyhunkerdowninthesebeaver-builtfire“shelter”,Fairfaxsays.Beaverhabitatalsoprotectsdomesticlivestockandagriculturallands,addsFairfax,whosestudywaspublishedinEcologicalApplications.Inaddition,beaversmayhelpanecosystemrecoverfromwildfire.Despiteallthegoodthatbeaversdo,thousandsofthemarekilledeveryyearforfloodingroads,cuttingdowntrees,andcausingotherdamagetohumanproperty.Fairfaxsays,"Strategicallyembracingbeaversinlocalwatershedscouldprovidereassurancethatyouhavewetsoilsandwetplantsaroundyourtown,"Fairfaxsays.Infact,asherpaper'stitlesuggests,theU.S.ForestServicemightwanttoconsideranewanimalmascot(吉祥物):SmokeytheBeaver.32.Fairfaxandhercolleaguemadetheirconclusionby_____.A.usingpublisheddataC.inquiringintosomeareasB.analyzingthesatellitephotosD.makingcomparisonofdifferentanimals33.Inwhatwaycanbeaversslowthespreadofwildfire?A.Theymaketheirhabitatsuitableforplantstogrowin.B.Theyprotectmanyotheranimalsandagriculturallands.C.Theymakespecialsoundstowarnpeopleofacomingfire.D.Theymaketheirhabitatwetbystoringhugeamountsofwater.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Thebeaverisverycute.B.Thebeavercontributestopreventingwildfires.C.Weareresponsibletoprotectthebeaverfromextinction.D.Weshouldmakeuseoftheecologicalfunctionsofthebeaver.35.Whichisthesuitabletitleforthearticle?A.Thebeaver:anewmascotoftheU.S.ForestService.B.Thebeaver:agoodfirefighterthathasbeenoverlooked.C.Beaverpond:ashelterformanyplantsandanimals.D.Wildlife:agreatthreattotheforest.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheNorthStar,alsoknownasPolaris,isoftenemployedbycamperstohelpthemfindtheirwaywhenlost.YoumayalsojustwanttofindtheNorthStarforfunifyou'reintostargazing.36.Asmostconstellations(星座)areinthenorthernsky,you'llneedtofigureoutwhichdirectionisnorthfirst.Ifyoudonothaveacompass,youcanrelyonsignsfromnaturetofindoutwhetherornotyou'refacingnorth.37.LocatetheNorthStarwithyoursmartphone.Therearemanysmartphoneapplicationsthatworksomethinglikeatelescope.Youallowthephonetofindyourlocation,andthenpointyourphonetothesky.Thephoneactsasinteractivemap,identifyingstarsandconstellationsforyou.38.Investinastaratlas.39.Iftheideaofcarryingyourphonearoundwhilestargazingkillsthefunforyou,considerbuyingastaratlasinstead.Youshouldalsoalwaystakeanatlaswithyouwhenhikingintheeventthatyourphonebatterydies.Astaratlasisabookthatbreaksdownthenightskybytheregionandtimeofyear.YoucanusethegraphicsandchartsprovidedinastaratlastolocatetheNorthStaronanygivennight.40.Youcanusedesktopapplicationsforyourcomputertoknowhowtheskywilllookonagivennight.Thesedevicescanhelpyouplanahead.You'llgooutsidewitharoughideaofwhereyoucanexpecttofindtheNorthStar.A.Planaheadwithyourcomputer.B.Herearesomeotherwaystohelpyou.C.FindingtheDirectionNorthwithtwosticks.D.Staratlaseshavebeenaroundforalongtime.E.ThiscanpreventyoufromlocatingtheNorthStar.F.YoucanrelyonconstellationsinthenightskytofindtheNorthStar.G.Someapplicationscanalsoenhancevisualstoseestarsmoreeasily.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分,共15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2015,mynephew,hiswifeandtheirtwosmallchildrenmovedtoNawala,asuburbinColombo,SriLanka.41.theirnaturalloveofanimals—andbirdsinparticular—remained,mynephewhadaninternal42.builtnexttotheirnewlivingroomwithafishpond,treesandcreepers.Returninghomeafteraweekendaway,thekidsnoticedthatapairofred-ventedbulbulshadcreatedanestofleavesandbranchesinaspacebetweenapaintingandthewallinsidethehouse43._____thecourtyard.Soontherewerethreelittlehatchlings.44.,aboutaweekaftertheyhadhatched,tragedystruck.Despiterulesthatnooneshould45.thebirdfamily,aceilingfanclosetothenestwas46.switchedon.Whenthemamabirddecidedtotakeflightshefelltothegroundanddied.Thequestionthenwashowto47.theselittlebirds.Mynephewandhiskidsdecidedtofeedtheyoungoneswithwhateverfoodtheycould48.,butnoonecould49.thedelicateartofamotherbirdfeedingheryoungviaapointedbeak(鸟喙).Itwasimpossibletogentlyplacescrapsoffoodintotheopenmouthsofthebabybirdsandadaypassedwithoutanyfoodmakingitswayintothe50.babies.Whenmynephew'sfamilyhadalmostgivenuphope,thepapabirdappeared.Hecheckedoutthenest,perhaps51.thathismateandthemotherofhisbabieswas52.thenflewaway.Afewhourspassedandthepapabirdreturnedaccompaniedbyanotherbird.Shewentstraighttothenestandfedthehungrybabieswithfoodshehad53.inherbeak.Thenewfemalered-ventedbulbulbecametheir54.mother.Shecontinuedto55.thedutiesofmother,protectingandfeedingthebabies,untiltheyhadsufficientstrengthtocrawloutandflyaway.Loveisnotonlyaninstinct,butalsomiracle.41.A.WhenB.AsC.IfD.Though42.A.nestB.houseC.wallD.courtyard43.A.neartoB.farfromC.outsideD.oppositeto44.A.EventuallyB.StrangelyC.UnfortunatelyD.Apparently45.A.disturbB.huntC.annoyD.tear46.A.hopelesslyB.carelesslyC.