高中英语语法被动语态

高中英语语法被动语态高中英语语法被动语态高中英语语法被动语态高中英语语法-被动语态一．定义语态(voice)表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。当主语是动作的动词用（ActiveVoice）；若是主语是动作的，动词便用（PassiveVoice）。被动语态由be＋及物动词的过去分词组成。二.考点：察看时态和语态的掌握、与主谓一致连考题型：①②例1.Theproblemsolvedandtheforeignergotintothetaxi.(短文改错)2.Nowcollegegraduates(encourage)tostarttheirownbusinesswhichsoundsreallygoodforthem.(语法填空)3.Trulyelegantchopsticsmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(语法填空)三.做题步骤①判断语态②判断时态③套用详细时态的被动语态形式④注意主谓一致四.各样时态的被动语态形式一般现在时：Subject+be(am/is/are)+done(过去分词)2）一般过去时:3）一般将来时:Subject+shall/will/begoingtobedone(过去分词)4）过去将来时:5）现在进行时:Subject+be(am/is/are)beingdone(过去分词)6）过去进行时:7）现在达成时:Subject+has/havebeendone8）过去达成时:9）带有神情动词时:Subject+神情动词＋be＋done(过去分词)五.掌握基础，学致使用(用所给动词适合形式填空)1.Visitors(request)nottotakephotoshere.2.Theclassroommust(clean)everyday.3.I(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIstudiedabroadornot.4.you(invited)toapartyheldinthesckoolhalltomorrow.5.Anewcinema(build)herenow．6.Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets__.(book)7.Ameeting(hold)whenIwasthere.8.----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet,therooms_____.(paint)9.Theletter(receive)already.10.Hesaidasatisfyingplan(put)forwardnextweek.六.被动语态与系表构造的差异其实不是所有的“be+过去分词”都为被动语态；有些为系表构造。be后边的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其划分方法以下：①若是重申动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的履行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表构造。例Thestreetiscrowed.（系表构造）1Sheisveryexcited.（系表构造）Theglassisbroken．（系表构造）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被动语态）②若是句中有地址、频次或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例Thecupisbroken.（系表构造）Thecupwasbrokenthismorning.（被动语态）Thedoorislocked．（系表构造）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被动语态）③被动语态除用于一般时态和达成时态外，还能够用于其他各样时态，而系表构造中的系动词be只有一般时态和达成时态。例Themachineisbeingrepaired．.主动形式表被动意义的情况⑴练习：判断以下句子可否正确Thiskindofclothiswashedwell.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownrecentyears.Thehouseisbelongedtomyuncle.Mydreamhasbeencometrue.Thiskindofbookissoldwell.Themanwasprovedtobeathiefatlast.Thisproblemisdifficulttobeworkedout.Thewarwasbrokenoutin1991.Whatwillbehappenedinonethousandyears.Theclassisbegunat7o’clock.⑵熟记主动形式表被动意义的情况1.英语中有好多动词如break，cook，begin，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear,等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描绘主语特点时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语平常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thefoodcookswell.2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout,belongto等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是怎样引出来的呢？Allmymoneyranout.所有的钱都用完了。3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感觉、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel,等在主系表构造中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.Thedishestastegreat.4、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。①在need，want，require,bear等词的后边，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房屋需要维修。②形容词worth后边跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能够跟动词不定式；而worthy后边跟动词不定式的被动形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．2nice，easy，Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．③动词不定式在名词后边作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词组成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表示you不是post动作的履行者。)④在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的构造中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这常常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Theairhereispleasanttobreathe.注意：①在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后边不定式作宾语补语时，在主动构造中不定式to要省略，但变为被动构造时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.②有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也能够用于被动构造，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能够分开。其中的介词或副词也不能够省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.Theoldmanwastakengoodcareofbyus.综合练习一、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown3()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It'ssaid(听闻)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_________（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.15.Howlong_____yourun