2022届北京市顺义区高三第二次统练英语试题 word版含答案

顺义区2022届高三第二次统练英语试卷考生须知：本试卷总分100分，考试时长90分钟。本试卷共10页共三部分考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4•考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iloveanimals.SowhenDr.Vanninisaidhisvethospitalneededhelp,Iwas—1—.Ivolunteeredtocleanupandhelpinseveralmedicalprocedures.ButthemomentIwillnever2camewhenanemergencywasrushedthroughthefrontdoor.Aretriever（寻回犬）wasindeep3Acheck-uprevealedthatshehadababydevelopinginherbodybutnoheartbeatcouldbedetected.Itwasassumedthatherpuppy（小狗）hadnot4.Theretrieverwouldneedimmediate5tosaveherlife.Icouldn'ttakemyeyesoffDr.Vannin'handsasshestoppedthebleedingandrepairedthedog'svitalorgans.Neartheendofthesurgery,somethingcaughtmyeye.IthoughtIsawthe6puppymove.Icouldn'tkeepstillandwhispered.Thepuppyhadindeedshownaspark（火花）oflife!We7_tookaction.Soon,hewasupandmoving.Itwasa（n）8feelingtoholdthisnewlifeinmyhands.TheexperiencewasespeciallymeaningfulformebecauseaweekearlierIhadwitnessedthe_9,theendoflife.Mybeloveddog,Scamper,finallydiedofalifelongweaknessofheart.Healmost10ittosix.Scamperwasagreatdog,atruefriend,andIwillneverforgethim.SeeingthenewpuppyandhismotherleavethehospitalissomethingIwillneverforgeteither.1.A.shockedB.puzzledC.delightedD.depressed1.A.shockedB.puzzledC.delightedD.depressed2.A.suspectB.forgetC.encounterD.seize3.A.confusionB.thoughtC.sufferingD.sorrow4.A.survivedB.jumpedC.barkedD.waked5.A.supportB.responseC.comfortD.surgery6.A.homelessB.lifelessC.carelessD.faultless7.A.quicklyB.finallyC.softlyD.roughly8.A.ashamedB.formalC.boredD.incredible9.A.eventB.growthC.oppositeD.accident10.A.madeB.gaveC.liftedD.held第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWorldHealthDayiscelebratedeveryyearonApril7,thefoundingdayoftheWHO.11_(establish)in1950,thiseventhasathemeeachyeartodrawattentiontoacurrentworldhealthissue.Thedayisalsousedtohighlightthe12.(important)ofpersonalhealth.Forcommonpeople,wecantakesomeextrasteps13(care)forourhealthlikegettingagymmembership(andgoing!)orstartingadiet.BInMarch2018,acoupleopenedthefirstZeroGreeninBristol,14_(sell)foodandhouseholditemsentirelywithoutpackaging.Shoppers15__(encourage)tobringtheirowncontainerstotaketheirshoppinghome.Althoughtherewasalotoftrialanderror,plusadditionalchallenges,theybelieve16theyaredoingisasustainablebusinessmodel.CSkijumping17(feature)ineachWinterOlympicssince1924.Comparedwithotherskisports,skijumpingis18_(safe)becauseit'sasingleandindependentaction.Skijumpersneedtojumpoffahighplatformalone,19requiresastrongwillandfocus.Inadditiontomentalstrength,flexibilityisvital20skijumpers.Theyneedtostretchouttheirbodiesandkeepapostureforalongtimewhilegoingdownfromaramp（斜坡）.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMakeItModular:StudentDesignChallenge!Imagineyourcommunityasamaterialbank,richwithresourcestore-use.Howcouldyouimprovethebuiltenvironmentbyupcyclingwaste,circulating（循环）existingmaterials,orregeneratingnature?Yourchallengeistodesignastructurethatmeetsaneedinyourcommunitynowbutcouldalsoberepurposedlater.“Designingfordeconstructioninvolvesamodularapproachinwhichbuildingelementscouldbeeasilyreconfigured,reimagined,andrepurposedovertime.Yourdesignshould:Includeanapproximately20'longx8'widex9'6"highvolumetricmoduleBerelevanttooneofthefollowinguses:AffordableHousingCovid-eraPublicSpaceReimaginedOutdoorClassroomApproachthetaskwithareal-worldperspective,demonstratingskillsandknowledgefromoneormoreofthefollowingfields:architecture,engineering,construction,and/ortheskilledtradesRequirements:Opentostudentsages13-21andcurrentlyenrolled（入学）inhighschoolorhomeschooled.AllentriesMUSTsharetheentrant'sgradelevelintheintroductorystep.SubmissionsmustbeenteredbetweenMarch7,2022,andJune20,2022.IfyouhaveneverpostedanInstructablebefore,pleaserefertoHowtoWriteanInstructableguideformoreinformation.Theprizesareintendedasscholarshipfundstosupportthewinners5education,suchastuition,books,room&boardortransportation.Entrieswillbejudgedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:3DDigitalLiteracy（能力）andDesign;

EngineeringMindset；Real-worldRelevance；Presentation.Readthefullcontestrulesformoredetails.Accordingtothepassage,thedesignscan.beusednowandrepurposedlaterB.beplacedinamaterialbankC.besubmittedonAugust20,2022D.berelatedtoartandliteratureIfastudenthasneverpostedanInstructablebefore,whatshouldheorshedo?Contacttheorganizers.B.Quitthedesigncontest.C.Refertoanonlineguide.D.Readthefullcontestrules.Whatcanwinnersdowiththeprizes?Toenrollinahighschool.B.Topayfortuitionandbooks.C.Topolishhispresentation.D.Toimprovethebuiltenvironment.BWilliamFlahertywasdiagnosed（诊断）withHLHwhenhewas3.It'sanoften-fataldiseasewheretheimmune（免疫的）systemattacksthebody'sorgans.ThedoctorgaveWilliam9.5（onascaleofIto10,1isyou'resuperhealthyand10isyou'redead）,whichhitthefamily.Thereweredayswhentheydidn'tknow讦hewouldlivethrough.InAprilof2008,Williamgotabone-marrow（骨髓）transplantfromhisolderbrotherCharles.Therecoverfromittooklong.Hehadalotofaftereffectsandevenhad22ofhisteethpulled.Atfive,Williamskiedforthefirsttime.Ithelpedalotwithlowonedensity（密度）andgothimbackingoodshape.Oneyearlater,WilliammovedtoPuertoRicoandfellinlovewiththeisland.WhenheroughtuptorepresentPuertoRicoinAlpineskiing,hisfriendslaughed.PuertoRicodoesn'thavesnow.ButWilliamdidn'tquit.However,itwastoughforWilliamtobalancehistrainingwithmedicalappointmentsandgoingtoschool.Sohedidaschoolprogramtotallyonline.Hewenttoalotofcampsandtherewerelotsofearlymorningslike4:00AMalarmclock.ButhehasmanagedtomaintainstraightAssincehalfwaythroughthirdgradeandheplanstoheadtocollegetostudyaerospaceengineering.Evenacoldcanlayhimupfortwoweeks,soWilliamtookextrapre-cautionsoverthelasttwoyears.Whiletraining,heworeanN95maskthewholetimeandcouldn'tridetheliftwithanyone.Aftertraining,hecamehomedirectly,hidinhisbedroomandstayedawayfrompeople.In2022,the17-year-oldboyhashadmorethan30operations.Havingpreparedfor7yearshefinallymadeittothestartinglineatBeijingOlympics.“Skiingisreallyhelpfulbecauseitforcesmetofocusononething,“hesaid.“Ireallywanttoprovetoalltheothertransplantsurvivorsthattheycandowhatevertheywantinlife.”WhydidWilliamFlahertystartskiingattheageoffive?Toimprovehealth.B.Toentertainhimself.C.Tofollowhisfamily.D.TojoinintheOlympics.WhydidWilliamdecidetorepresentPuertoRicoinAlpineskiing?Becausehisfriendssupportedhim.BecausehelovedskiingandPuertoRico.Becausethatcouldhelphimenteragoodcollege.BecausePuertoRicohadbettertrainingenvironment.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeWilliamFlaherty?Braveandkind.B.Hopefulandhelpful.C.Passionateandshy.D.Optimisticandhardworking.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.SkiingLifeofaTeenager.B.PreparingWellfortheOlympics.C.SurvivingfromSevereIllness.D.DefeatingDiseasetoDeliverHope.CAnageingpopulationisaglobalphenomenon.Countriesarelookingforthebalmtoaddressthedemandsofaswellingelderlycommunity.Manynationsarethreatenedbyashortageofhealthcareworkersbecauseofunenviabletaskssuchasbathing,feedingandchangingthediapers.Advancementsintechnologynowpresentaninnovativesolutiontothis.Japanhasnowdevelopedcarebots,specially-designedrobots,toreplacehumancaregivers.Japanisalsoworkingatmorecoordinatedcarefortheelderlywithinthecommunitywhichincludestheintegrationofhospitals,homecare,elderlycarecentresandnursinghomes.Puttinginplaceasystemthatcaneffectivelytrackandretrievethemedicalhistoryofeveryelderlyperson,Japanleveragestechnologytoprovidequalityhealthcarefortheseniors.TheuniquefeatureaboutSwedenisthatmostoftheelderlyliveintheirownhomeswheretheycontinuetoenjoylivingindependently.Localgovernmentsallocatefundsandmanageserviceswhilecitizenshavethefreedomtochoosethetypeofhomeservicesandtheirserviceprovider.Theycanapplyforhomecareservicesincludingdeliveringmealstohomes,hangingcurtains,changinglightbulbsetc.InSweden,thefocusisalsoonpreventivecare—keepingtheelderlyhealthy.Theelderlywhoareillarenotjustgivenmedicinesbutalsoaspecifictypeofphysicalactivity,wheretheirdoctorsalsomonitortheoutcome.Singaporealsoprovidesmorehomecareservicesandday-carecentreswheretheolderpeoplecangoforrehabilitativeandsocialactivities.Besides,thegovernmentiscreatingmoredementia-friendlycommunities,wheresupportcomesfromthecommunity.Variouspeoplewithinacommunitylikepolicemen,shopkeepersandothervolunteersaretrainedtoassisttheelderlywithdementia（痴呆）.Withgreatercommunityawarenessandsupport,itismoreplausibleforadementiasufferertostayathomeinsteadofanursinghome.Inoursearchforthebestmodeltomeetthedemandsofaburgeoningageingpopulation,letuskeepinmindthatthereisnoone-size-fits-allsolution.Whatisimportantisshoulderingtheresponsibilitiesofcaringforthemandensuringthemtoagewellandcomfortably.HowdoesJapandealwiththeproblemoftheshortageofhealthcareworkers?A.Byofferingqualityhealthcarefortheseniors.Bytrackingthemedicalhistoryofeveryelderlyperson.Bydevelopingrobotsprogrammedwithcaregivingfunctions.Byintegratingplaceslikehospitals，homecare，andnursinghomes.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoSwedenandSingaporehaveincommon?A.Optionalcareservicesarebothprovidedfree.Independentlivingisrespectedandsupported.Preventivecarefortheelderlyishighlyvalued.D.Socialactivitiesandvoluntaryhelpareenjoyed.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Modelsforgivingtheelderlycare.Countrieswithanageingpopulation.Responsibilitiesofcaringfortheelderly.Demandsofagrowingelderlycommunity.DAneconomist,AdamSmith,famouslywrotethat“itisnotfromthebenevolence（慈善）ofthebutcher,thebrewerorthebaker,thatweexpectourdinner,butfromtheirregardtotheirownself-interest."LikeSmith,manyeconomiststodaybelievethatone'sself-interestiswhatdrivescompetitionandgrowthinmarketeconomies.Yet,inanincreasinglyinterconnectedsociety,itisevenmorecrucialtohavecollaborativeskills.Thusweshouldencouragecooperationtobetterpreparechildrenforthefuture.Firstly,inthepresentagemarkedbythetransformativepotentialoftechnologytofacilitateinteractions,cooperationisanespeciallyprizedsoftskilltohave.Asaresearchstudyproves,softskillssuchasgoodcommunicationandempathyconsistofqualitativeindicatorsofoutstandingemployeesascomparedtotechnicalskillsorknowledge.Incontrast,excessively（过分地）competitiveandindividualisticbehaviourmayfracturesocialrelationsinthecommunityofco-workersandsincenomanisanisland,eventhemostcompetentemployeewillnotbeabletopursuehisgoalseffectivelywithoutthehelpofotherswhoareabletoshareacommonvisionandunderstanding.Moreover,encouragingcooperationincreaseahealthysenseofself-esteeminchildrenthatbetterpreparesthemforthecompetitiveworkingworld.Manymodemsocietiestodayareconsumedbyanobsessivedriveforsuccessandthepressuretoperformhasinfiltratedbothclassroomsandofficesalike.Theconsequencesofthefiercecompetitivecultureincludehigherratesofanxietyanddepressionamonguniversitystudentsandofficeworkers,whichareallcounterproductive.Teamworkcanhelpamaturingindividualrealisethateachhashisorherownuniquesetofabilitiestobringtothetableandthatanotherperson'sstrengthsdonotinanywaydiminish（降彳氐）thevalueofhisorhertalents.Thus,cooperationcanaffirmtheself-worthofchildrenbycorrectingtheviolentinsightthatwinningorpaperachievementisanexclusive（唯一）measureofsuccessinlife.However,criticsmayclaimthatinacutthroatworld,adaptingtocompetitionshouldbeofsupremepriorityineducationandparenting.Toachieveone'sdeepestambitions,suchastobecomeamedicalstudent,ortocreateatechstart-up,onehastoadoptcompetitionbyactivelyfightingforopportunitiesanddistinguishingoneselffromothers.Nevertheless,sincepassioncanalreadystimulatechildrentoworkhardtofulfilltheirambitions,theneedtoencouragecompetitionmaybeattheendoftheday.Asmuchasexternalcompetitioncandrivepeopletopursueexcellence,internalmotivationisatleastequallyorarguablyevenmoreessential,andcollaborationplaysaninstrumentalroleinhelpingoneuncoverone'stendencyandmotivations.WhatcanbeinferredfromAdamSmith'swords?A.Oursocietyisincreasinglyinterconnected.Ourdinnerismadeoutoftheregardstomarkets.Self-interestpushesthedevelopmentofeconomies.Thebutcher,thebrewerorthebakerisnotsympathy.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fracture”meaninparagraph2probablymean?A.Deepen.B.Establish.C.Maintain.D.Damage.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?Paperachievementisanexclusivemeasureofsuccess.Confidenceandambitionscanbeachievedthroughcooperation.Activelyfightingfordistinguishingoneselfisahealthycompetition.Competitionisnotessentialforpeopletopursueexcellence.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?Tointroduceparentstheadvantagesofcooperation.Toinformparentstobalancecooperationandcompetition.Topersuadeparentstocareabouttheirchildren'seducation.Totellparentstoencouragetheirchildrentolearntocooperate.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenyouneedtofindasolutiontoadesignproblem,youcouldaskyourself,“Whatanimalsorplantsfaceasimilarproblemintheirlives,andhowdotheyhandleit?"35Termites（白蚁）inAfricacontrolthetemperatureandaircurrentsintheirnestsbyhavingthickwallsandairspacesinthetoppart.TheEastgateCentreinHarare,Zimbabwewasdesignedinasimilarway,withthickoverhangsshadingthewindows,andalltheofficesconnectedtoabigchimneylettinghotairescape.Thisallowsittostaycoolwhileusingmuchlessair-conditioning.36EngineerNakatsualsoaskedhimselfthesamequestion.37Akeenbirdwatcher,Nakatsurealisedthatkingfishersalsoexperienceanabruptpressurechangewhendivingintothewater,buttheirbeaksallowthemtopiercethroughthewatersmoothly.Histeamfoundthatputtingalong,pointednoseonthetraingreatlyreducedtheloudboomsinthetunnelandallowedittorunfaster.Havingabigpictureoftheworldweliveinalsohelpsusunderstandhowtechnologycanbeusedtoprotectinsteadofdestroyit.38Ontheotherhand,plasticpackagingcreatesalotofwasteandpollution.Onecompanyhascomeupwithanalternativematerialmadeofcomhuskwasteandsomebigcompaniesarestartingtouseit.39Nakatsuworriesthatchildrentodaydonothavetheopportunitytotouchandfeelnature.Headvisesthatstudentsinuniversityshouldstudymorethanonenarrowfieldsothattheydonotjusthaveonefixedwayofthinking.a.Innature,everythinggetsrecycled.B.Tomimic（模仿）nature,wemustbefamiliarwithit.Itturnsoutthatnaturalbeautyoftenhasalogicalreasonbehindit.Largecitiesfullofpeopleareoftencomparedtoants'colonies（群）.Thisideawasusedtoarrangehundredsofmirrorsatasolarpowerplant.F.ItcouldbeagoodsolutionforthehotandcrowdedcitiesinSoutheastAsiatoo.g.Hisproblemwasthatthepressurefromabullettrainrushingintoatunnelathighspeedcausedloudnoises.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。"Chooseyourfriendswisely”maynotonlybegoodparentaladvicebutalsoawaytodobetterincollege，aresearchstudyfinds.Researchersprovethatstudentswhobefriendstudious（好学的）peersspendmorehoursstudyingthemselvesandposthighergradesduringtheirfreshman（大学一年级新生）year.It'simportanttoclarifythathavingsmartfriendsisn'tasimportantashavingstudiousfriendsinthisstudy.Theresearchersdidn'tfindthatfriends9gradesmattered.Whatinfluencedastudent'scollegegradeswerehisorherfriends9highschoolstudyhabits.Tobesure,studentswithhighergradestendtohavebetterstudyhabits.Theyalsofoundthat,foreveryadditional10hoursaweekthatastudert'sfriendshadspentstudyinginhighschool,onaverage,thestudent'sownstudytimeincollegewouldlikelyincreasebyalmost25minutesaday,andthestuden'sownGPA（GradePointAverage）wouldlikelyrisebyalmostatenthofapointduringfreshmanyear.Almostidenticalresultsareamongfreshmanroommatesrandomlyassignedbythecollege,whichconfirmsthatpeersareactuallyinfluencingstudyhabitsandechoingthefriendshipanalysis.Theresearcherscontrolledforgender,raceandprioracademicachievementandfoundthatthepositiveinfluenceofstudiouspeerswassimilarforbothhighachievingandlowachievingstudents.ThedifferencebetweenaBandB+averageis0.3points,sostudiousfriendsareonlynudginggradesupabit.Thatmeanspeersarejustoneofmanyfactorsinfluencinghowwellstudentsdoincollege.Soshouldweencourageparentstopicktheirkids'friendsincollege?”Thisisoneoutcome-GPA.Thereareotherthingsinlife.”saidMehtawhoadmitstoselectingstudiousfriendswhenhewasincollege.Whatdoresearcherssuggeststudentsdoincollegeinthisstudy?Howcanstudiousfriendshelpastude