2010年考研英语二真题及答案

2010年入学统一考试(英语二)试SectionIUseofDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points)TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic Theheightenedalert2anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising3inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis"4"inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdirectorgeneral,5theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,ofteninthe6ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal7inlateApril2009,whenMexican noticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths8healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto9inNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade10warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas11fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe12testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A),notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.,ithas13morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials14Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan15ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is16aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthose17doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot18forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother19.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,people20infantsandhealthyyoung1[A][B][D]2[A][B][C][D]3[A][B][C][D]4[A][B][C][D]5[A][B][C][D]6[A][B][C][D]7[A][B][C][D]8[B][C][D]9[A]stay[B]crop[C]fill[D]cover10[A][B][C][D]11[A][B][C]12[B][C][D]13[A][B][C][D]14[A][B][C][D]15[A][B][C][D]16[A][B][C][D]17[A][B][C][D]18[A][B] [D]19[A][B][C][D]20[A]involved[B]caring[C]concerned[D]wardingSectionⅡReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”，atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan￡70m,arecordforasalebyasingle.Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfaritssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMr.Hirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector—forcontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoswhohadcedworksforsalewithThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincetheSecondWorldWar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christie’srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof2006.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeeaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”becausetheartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionoftheauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestBeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallitwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialBysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3)，theauthorsuggeststhat A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTA.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007toB.TheartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinC.ThemarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousD.SomeartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestoThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare A.auctionhouses' B.contemporaryC.factorspromotingartwork D.stylesrepresentingThemostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe FluctuationofArtArtMarketinShiftedInterestinIwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycominthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue,"heexined."WhenIcomehomefromwork,Ihavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoing,we'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent，thatamountstomillionsofcasestheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedInmyownresearchcomintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareerto panyahusbandtohisorngfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome.""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirInshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheir A.generating B.exerting C.causing D.creatingAllofthefollowingaretrue mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthannearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedwomenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweenafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherWhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthisThemoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbyMarriagebreak-upstems HusbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirConversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifeareInthefollowingpartimmediayafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheD.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewOverthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomatichabits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesa-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhenthey epartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,the thatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwith shouldbefurthershouldbechangedaredeeplyrootedinarebasicallyprivateBottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soas revealtheirimpactonpeople’sshowtheurgentneedofdailyindicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingmanifestthesignificantroleofgoodWhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’sFromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto perfectedartofautomaticbehaviorcommercialscientificTheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabits ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandlicyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnserningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestoernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedto sofsupposedlysuperiorinligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlessthey allyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorvs.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclareddiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat bothliberateandillitepeoplecanserveondefendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirnoagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryjudgmentshouldconsidertheopinionoftheThepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968 theinadequacyofantidiscriminationtheprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertaintheingidealsinjuryselectionthearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtEveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestates theywereautomaticallybannedbystatetheyfellfarshortoftherequiredtheyweresupposedtoperformdomestictheytendedtoevadepublicAftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwas discriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeeducationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirestatesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejuryIndiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenters itsnatureanditscharacteristicsanditsproblemsandtheiritstraditionandPartBothandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft,the787andA350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeTheanswer,saysDrKroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresearchercalledCarlWieselBerger,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation—aV-shapeechelonorotherwise—expendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabird’swingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips,aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag,andspendlessenergypropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman,anaeronauticsexpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedthataformationof25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaseof71%。Whenappliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.DrKrooandhisteammodeledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallyswapcessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavorablepositions,andproceedtoLondon.Theyfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(coupledwithareductionincarbon-dioxideoutputNitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter。Thereare,ofcourse,kinkstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety,oratleasttheperceptionofit.Wouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravelinginconvoy?DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnautical,andwouldnotbeintheintimategrousfavoredbydisyteamsliketheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmightnotevenseetheothernes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivilAviationOrganizationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalItremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightmoreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence,thenes’wakeswilldecaymorequicklyandtheeffectwilldiminish.DrKroosaysthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmightalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofaircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft,incontrast,mightbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitaryflights。Asithappens,America’sarmedsareonthecasealready.Earlierthisyearthecountry’sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncednstopaytoinvestigateformationflight,thoughtheprogramhasyettobegin.TherearereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringtheSecondWorldWarbutDrLissamansaystheyareapocryphal.“MyfatherwasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLancasterlostoverBerlin,”headds.Soheshouldknow。FindingsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewandAirbusaircraft。Theupwashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellas FormationflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheothernesTherolethatweatherysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefinedIthasbeen edthatduringWorldWarII,America’sarmed soncetriedformationflighttosavefuel.PartCInthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.Translateitinto .WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Sustainability”has eapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavealmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice。Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsuranceHe’dbeenthough boomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency。Itdidn’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.’”SectionIVPartYouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleaguetoExpressyourthanksforhis/herwarmehim/hertovisit induecourse。Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.DonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletterUseZhangWei”insteadDonotwriteyouraddress.(10PartInthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshouldInterpretthechartGiveyourWriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(152010年入学统一考试(英语二)试SectionIUseof1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20Section ReadingPart21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40PartBPartNing回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder机构签了约。SectionIVPartDirections:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleag