老师作业-50搞定长难句

50句话搞定阅读长难句

适用人群：准备雅思、托福和SAT等留学考试的学员；

练习目标：通过练习消除学员对真实英语环境中表达的理解；练习数量：每天至少5个句子，需要连续训练10天；

练习方法：

浏览第一遍，注意各种符号和生词；

查出生词；

将生词带入句中进行理解；

将自己对句子大意的理解写在句子下方。

Therapidtechnicaldevelopmentofphotography—theintroductionoflighterandsimplerequipment,andofnewemulsionsthatcoatedphotographic

tes,film,andpaperandenabledimagestobemadeatmuchfasterspeeds—hadsomeunanticipatedconsequences.

Thenewcandidphotography—unposedpicturesthatweremadewhenthesubjectswereunawarethattheirpictureswerebeingtaken—confirmedthesescientificresults,andatthesametime,thankstotheradicalcrop

(trimming)ofimagesthatthecameraoftenimposed,suggestednewcompositionalformats.

Afewchondrulescontaingrainsthatsurvivedthemeltingevent,sotheseenigmaticchondrulesmusthaveformedwhencompactmassesofnebulardustwerefusedathightemperatures—approaching1,700degreesCelsius—andthencooledbeforethesesurvivinggrainscouldmelt.

Sincepracticallyallthesolarsystem'smassresidesintheSun,thissimilarityinchemistrymeansthatchondriteshaveaveragesolarsystemcomposition,exceptforthemostvolatileelements;theyaretrulylumpsofnebularmatter,probablysimilarincompositiontothematterfromwhich

netswereassembled.

Geothermalenergy esavailableinapracticalformwhenundergroundheatistransferredbywaterthatisheatedasitpassesthroughasubsurfaceregionofhotrocks(aheatreservoir)thatmaybehundredsorthousandsoffeetdeep.

Althoughthepotentialisenormous,itislikelythatinthenearfuturegeothermalenergycanmakeimportantlocalcontributionsonlywheretheresourceisclosetotheuserandtheeconomicsarefavorable,astheyareinCalifornia,NewZealand,andIceland.

Itwouldappearthattheinstabilityoftheclimaticconditionsledpopulationsthathadoriginallybeennomadictosettledownanddevelopasedentarystyleoflife,whichledinturntopopulationgrowthandtotheneedtoincreasetheamountoffoodavailable.

Thefactthatsomesocietiesdomesticatedanimalsandnts,discoveredtheuseofmetaltools,becamelite,anddevelopedastateshouldnotmakeusforgetthatothersdevelopedpastoralismorhorticulture(vegetablegardening)butremainedilliteandatlowlevelsofproductivity;afewenteredthemodernperiodashuntingandgatheringsocieties.

Therapidtechnicaldevelopmentofphotography—theintroductionoflighterandsimplerequipment,andofnewemulsionsthatcoatedphotographictes,film,andpaperandenabledimagestobemadeatmuchfasterspeeds—hadsomeunanticipatedconsequences.

Whenbrokenopen,Allendestonesarerevealedtocontainanassortmentofsmall,distinctiveobjects,sphericalorirregularinshapeandembeddedinadarkgraymatrix(bindingmaterial),whichwereonceconstituentsofthesolarnebula—theinterslarcloudofgasanddustoutofwhichoursolarsystemwasformed

Fewoftheculturaltraditionsandrulesthattodayallowustodealwithdensepopulationsexistedforthesepeopleaccustomedtohouseholdautonomyandtheabilitytomovearoundthelandscapealmostatwill.

Inaddition,otherlinesofevidencesupportthehypothesisthatlandntsevolvedfromancestralgreenalgaeusedthesametypeofchlorophyllandaccessorypigmentsinphotosynthesisasdolandnts.

Froma nt’sevolutionaryviewpoint,however,itwasalsoalandofopportunity, ofcompetitorsandpredatorsandfullofcarbondioxideandsunlight(therawmaterialsforphotosynthesis,whicharepresentinfarhigherconcentrationsinairthaninwater).

Sothemostsuccessfulgroupsoflandntsarethosethatevolvedmethodsoffertilized celldispersalthatareindependentofwaterandstructuresthat develoembryosfromdryingout.

Most nttissuesdieiftheirwatercontentfallstoolow:thenutrientsthatfeed ntsaretransmittedbywater;waterisarawmaterialinthevitalprocessofphotosynthesis;andwaterregulatesthetemperatureofantbyitsabilitytoabsorbheatandbecausewatervaporlosttotheatmospherethroughtheleaveshelpstolowernttemperatures.

Whateverthesourceoftheoriginaltamedherdsmighthavebeen,itseemsentirelylikelythatmuchthesameprocessofjuxtaposition(livingsidebyside)andcontroloccurredinbothsouthwestAsiaandnorthernAfrica,andeveninEurope,amongpeopleswhohadanintimateknowledgeofthebehaviorofwildcattle.

InthewakeoftheRomanEmpire'sconquestofBritaininthefirstcenturyA.D.,alargenumberoftroopsstayedinthenewprovince,andthesetroopshadaconsiderableimpactonBritainwiththeircamps,fortifications,andparticipationinthelocaleconomy.

Thisprocessofsettlinginasacommunityoverseveralgenerations,combinedwithlocalrecruitment,presumablyaccountsfortheapparentstabilityoftheBritishnorthernfrontierinthelaterRomanperiod.

Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypeswereasimpleconsequenceoftheecologiesofindividual

ntspecies.

With"climax,""biome,""superorganism,"andvariousothertechnicaltermsfortheassociationofanimalsandntsatagivenlocalitybeingcriticized,theterm"ecosystem"wasmoreandmorewidelyadoptedforthewholesystemofassociatedorganismstogetherwiththephysicalfactorsoftheirenvironment.

Agassizsawsignsofglacialerosionandsedimentation.Inflatinscountry,hesawmoraines(accumulationsofearthandlooserockthatformattheedgesofglaciers)thatremindedhimoftheterminalmorainesfoundattheendofvalleyglaciersintheAlps.

ThepeopleoftheNetherlands,withalongtraditionoffisheriesandmercantileship,haddifficultyindevelogoodharborssuitablefor

ships:eventuallytheydidsoatRotterdamandAmsterdam,withexceptionalresultsfortransittradewithGermanyandcentralEuropeandfortheprocessingofoverseasfoodstuffsandrawmaterials(sugar,tobacco,chocolate,grain,andeventuallyoil).

Thekeyfactorinthesuccessofthesecountries(alongwithhighlicy,whichcontributedtoit)wastheirabilitytoadapttotheinternationaldivisionoflabordeterminedbytheearlyindustrializersandtostakeoutareasofspecializationininternationalmarketsforwhichtheywereespeciallywellsuited.

Accordingtoconventionaltheory,yawningtakescewhenpeopleareboredorsleepyandservesthefunctionofincreasingalertnessbyreversing,throughdeeperbreathing,thedropinbloodoxygenlevelsthatarecausedbytheshallowbreathingthat panieslackofsleeporboredom.

Thecentralstate,thoughoftenveryrichandverypopulous,wasintrinsicallyfragile,sincethedevelopmentofnewinternationaltraderoutescouldunderminethemonetarybaseanderodestatepower,asoccurredwhenEuropeanseafarerscircumventedMiddleEasternmerchantsafterVasco

daGama'svoyagearoundAfricainthelatefifteenthcenturyopenedupasouthernroute.

Asamongtribespeople,alrelationshipsandacarefulweighingofcharacterhavealwaysbeencrucialinamercantileeconomywithlittleregulation,whereone'swordisone'sbondandwhereinformaltiesoftrustcementtogetheraninternationaltradenetwork.

Norhavemerchantsandartisanseverhadmuchtoleranceforaristocraticprofessionsofmoralsuperiority,favoringinsteadanegalitarianethicoftheopenmarket,wheresteadyhardwork,theloyaltyofone'sfellows,andentrepreneurialskillmakeallthedifference.

Whatismoresignificantthananygeographicalspreadistheaccessthatdifferentlevelsofsocietyhadtogood-qualityproducts.

Inallbuttheremotestregionsoftheempire,Romanpotteryofahighstandardiscommonatthesitesofhumblevillagesandisolatedfarmsteads.

Theproblemisthatcompetitionordinarilycannotbeobserveddirectlybutmustbeinferredfromthespreadorincreaseofonespeciesandtheconcurrentreductionordisappearanceofanotherspecies.

Inacountercurrentexchangesystem,thebloodvesselscarryingcooledbloodfromtheflippersruncloseenoughtothebloodvesselscarryingwarmbloodfromthebodytopickupsomeheatfromthewarmerbloodvessels;thus,theheatistransferredfromtheoutgoingtotheingoingvesselsbeforeitreachestheflipperitself.

Normally,theconstantlychanginglevelsofananimal'sactivity—slee,feeding,moving,reproducing,metabolizing,andproducingenzymesandhormones,forexample—arewellcoordinatedwithenvironmentalrhythms,butthekeyquestioniswhethertheanimal'sscheduleisdrivenbyexternal

cues,suchassunriseorsunset,orisinsteaddependentsomehowoninternaltimersthatthemselvesgeneratetheobservedbiologicalrhythm

WhilethatmadethingshardforancientMayalivinginthesouth,ithasalsomadethingshardformodernarchaeologistswhohavedifficultyunderstandingwhyancientdroughtscausedbiggerproblemsinthewetsouththaninthedrynorth.

Thoughitmaybedifficulttoimaginefromalater,astrainofcriticalopinioninthe1920spredictedthatsoundfilmwouldbeatechnicalnoveltythatwouldsoonfadefromsight,justashadmanypreviousattempts,datingwellbackbeforetheFirstWorldWar,tolinkimageswithrecordedsound.

Withfinancialassetsconsiderablygreaterthanthoseinthemotionpictureindustry,andperhapsawidervisionoftherelationshipsamongentertainmentandcommunicationsmedia,theyrevitalizedresearchintorecordingsoundformotionpictures.

Whensuchstatuesareviewedinisolation,outoftheiroriginalcontextandwithoutknowledgeoftheirfunction,itiseasytocriticizethemfortheirrigidattitudesthatremainedunchangedforthreethousandyears.

Indeed,ifyoutakebabytreeswallowsoutofanestforanhourfeedinghalfthesetandstarvingtheotherhalf,whenthebirdsarerecedinthenest,thestarvedyoungstersbegmoreloudlythanthefedbirds,andtheparentbirdsfeedtheactivebeggarsmorethanthosewhobeglessvigorously.

Thetraditionofreligioussculptureextendsovermosthistoricalperiodsbutislessclearlydelineatedthanthatofstonewaresorporcelains,foritembracestheoldcustomofearthenwareburialceramicswithlaterreligiousimagesandarchitecturalornament.

JustaspainteddesignsonGreekpotsmayseemtodaytobepurelydecorative,whereasinfacttheywerecarefullyandpreciselyworkedoutsothatatthetime,theirmeaningwasclear,soitiswithpots.

Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.

Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedina

systematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofchangesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.

Supportisgrowingforthealternativetheorythatpeopleusingwatercraft,possiblyskinboats,movedsouthwardfromBeringiaalongtheGulfofAlaskaandthensouthwardalongtheNorthwestcoastofNorthAmericapossiblyasearlyas16,000yearsago.

Themostrecentgeologicevidenceindicatesthatitmayhavebeenpossibleforpeopletocolonizeice-regionsalongthecontinentalshelfthatwerestillexposedbythelowersealevelbetween13,000and14,000yearsago.

Thiswasjustifiedbytheviewthatreflectivepracticecouldhelpteacherstofeelmoreinlectuallyinvolvedintheirroleandworkinteachingandenablethemtocopewiththepaucityofscientificfactandtheuncertaintyofknowledgeinthedisciplineofteaching.

Itissignificantthattheearliestlivingthingthatbuiltcommunitiesontheseislandsareexamplesofsymbiosis,aphenomenonthatdependsupontheclosecooperationoftwoormoreformsoflifeandaprinciplethatisveryimportantinislandcommunities.

Theexactroleofotherfactorsismuchmoredifficulttopinpoint―forinstance,Teotihuacán’sreligioussignificanceasashrine,thehistoricalsituationinandaroundtheValleyofMexicotowardtheendofthefirstmillenniumB.C.,theingenuityandforesightednessofTeotihuacán’selite,and,finally,theimpactofnaturaldisasters,suchasthevolca