中国文化英语教程

中国文化英语教程第1页/共45页Unit16Porcelain—CallingCardofChineseCulture第2页/共45页Lead-inTextstudyExercisesContent第3页/共45页Lead-in

Doyouknowthefivefamouskilns(窑)inSongDynasty?FivefamouskilnsaretheJun,Ding,Guan,Ge,andRu.第4页/共45页2.1Introduction2.2Nature’sCraft2.3PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelain2.4ASubtleandReservedWorldTextstudy2.5ShapeandImagery第5页/共45页IntroductionInEnglish,thecountryand“porcelain”sharethesamename—”China”.ThisprovesthatEuropeanshavelongknownofChina’srelationshiptoporcelain.PorcelainfounditswaytoEuropeinthe15thcentury,occupyinganimportantpositionintheexchangesbetweenChinaandothercountries.第6页/共45页IntroductionPorcelaingarneredagoodreputationforChinaforitssophisticationandelegance.ItplayedanimportantroleinthewaveoftheEuropeanidealizationofChinaduringthe17thand18thcenturies.第7页/共45页Aroundthe1stcentury,porcelainproductionfirstemergedinChina.BytheSongDynastyithadbecomemature.Song-dynastyporcelainrepresentedtheacme(顶峰)ofChineseporcelaintechnique.Introduction第8页/共45页IntroductionChineseporcelainischerishforitsserenecolor,crystalpaste,gracefuldesigns,andingeniousforms.ItcanberegardedasthecallingcardofChineseculture.第9页/共45页crackling:aporcelainterminologyThecracklesoccurredduringkilningduetoflawedworkmanship,butlatteroncracklewarebecomeacraze(时尚)inSongDynasty,andwaspasseddowntothisveryday.Nature’sCraft第10页/共45页TheGeKiln(locatedinpresent-dayLongquan,ZhejiangProvince)wasatypicalkilnoftheSongDynastythatproducedcrackleware.Nature’sCraft第11页/共45页CraklewaretodayisoneofthetypicalChineseporcelainstyles.Theinterestincracklewareliesinitsnaturallyproducedandunpredictablepatterns.Nature’sCraft第12页/共45页Pureandelegantbeautyisthegoalthatporcelainpursues,andthisidealisbestexplainedintheproductionofblue-and-whiteporcelain.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelain第13页/共45页Chinese-madeblue-and-whiteporcelainwareemergedlongbeforethefoundingoftheTangDynasty.ItwasnotuntiltheYuanDynastythatthistypeofporcelaincametobeproducedinquantity,withtheattendantmasterpieces.TheMingDynastywitnessedthematurityoftheart,andalargenumberofvaluablepieceswereproducedinthisperiod.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelain第14页/共45页Jingdezhenbecametheporcelain-producingcenterintheYuanDynastyandthesubsequentMingDynasty,theimperialkilnswereestablishedhere.Blue-and-whiteporcelainproducedhereisthemostrepresentativeofChineseporcelain.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelain第15页/共45页Blue-and-whiteporcelainaccordswellwiththecultureandaestheticspiritChinesepeoplehavelongpursued—ofsimplicity,unaffectednessandease.Itdisplaysaworldofconcisenessandelegance,serenityandpurity.PureBlue-and-WhitePorcelain第16页/共45页MostChineseporcelainwareembodiesthecharacteristicsofConfucianaesthetics.Initspursuitofgentlenessandrefinementonesensestheaestheticpropensities(倾向)

ofConfucianism;throughitsimplicitandreservedartisticstyleonediscoversthereservednatureofConfucianaesthetics.ASubtleandReservedWorld第17页/共45页TheSongDynastywasarenaissanceperiodforConfucianism,andalsoaperiodofmaturityinporcelainproduction.TheincreasedpopularityofConfucianismadvancedtheremarkabledevelopmentofSong-dynastyporcelainproduction,whileitsaestheticstandardsgaveenlightenmenttoporcelaincraftspeople.TheservedstyleinporcelainwhichemphasizesinternalbeautyhasbeenpasseddownsinceSongDynasty.ASubtleandReservedWorld第18页/共45页Anotherrepresentativeofareservedstyleisunderglazeredporcelain,oneofthetwotypesofporcelaindevelopedtoitsmaturityinJingdezhenduringtheYuanDynasty.Difficulttoproduce,underglazeredisnotaspopularasblue-and-whiteporcelain,thoughitdisplaysahighartistictaste.ASubtleandReservedWorld第19页/共45页Thedesignofthispreciousunderglazeredvaseisdrawninunderglazered,andatthelowersectionisacirculardesignoflotuspetals.Palmtrees,rocksandgrovesofbamboo,drawnonthebellyofthevase,produceagracefullandscapepaintingwithprofoundallusions.ASubtleandReservedWorld第20页/共45页Porcelainisacomprehensiveart,andformisasimportanttoagoodpieceofporcelainasitistoafinepieceofsculpture.ShapeandImagery第21页/共45页ShapeandImageryWhiteporcelainThemostfamouswhiteporcelainwasproducedintheDingKilnoftheSongDynasty,whichexertedagreatinfluenceonlaterwhiteporcelainproducts.AsmallwhiteporcelaincontainerproducedduringtheQingDynasty’sDaoguangreign(1821-1850)issuchapieceinthewhiteseries.第22页/共45页Chineseporcelainalsopursuespaintingeffects.Porcelainwareusuallycontainsimagesfromlandscapesaswellasbird-and-flowerpaintings.Mostporcelaincraftspeoplewerealsoadept(擅长的)atpainting.ShapeandImagery第23页/共45页ForMing-andQing-dynastyporcelainware,eleganceinshape,intriguinguseofcolor,finetexture,andvividimagesallsetoffeachother,addinggreatsplendortotheart.ShapeandImagery第24页/共45页Famille-rose(粉彩)UndertheinfluenceofEuropeanpainting,attheendoftheMingDynastyandthebeginningoftheQingDynasty,ChineseporcelainbegantoincorporateEuropeanartistictechniquesintoitsdesign,suchasthroughtheuseoflightandshadow,tomakethewholedesignvividwiththree-dimensionaleffects.ShapeandImagery第25页/共45页Famille-rose,alsoreferredtoas“soft-color”,wassonamedastodifferentiateitfromtheapplicationofcolorwithoutshadingchanges.ShapeandImageryFamille-rose(粉彩)Thefamille-rosevasewithnine-peachdesign第26页/共45页ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplication第27页/共45页l.SkimmingandScanning

Gothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.___1)InEnglish,ourcountryand“porcelain”sharethesamename,probablybecauseEuropeanscametoknowChinathroughChineseporcelain.___2)PorcelaincanberegardedasthecallingcardofChineseculturepartlybecauseitwasfirstproducedinChina.

ComprehensionTT第28页/共45页___3)Cracklewarewasfirstproducedonpurposeandisstillpopulartoday.___4)ThethreepiecesofcracklewarementionedinParagraph6wereallmadeinthesameGeKilnintheSongDynasty.___5)Now,blue-and-whiteporcelainisthemosttypicaltypeofChineseporcelain.___6)Blue-and-whiteporcelainischerishedforitselaborationandartificiality.___7)Song-dynastyporcelainembodiesthereservednatureofConfucianaesthetics.___8)Forporcelain,theformismoreimportantthantheimagery.ComprehensionFTFTFF第29页/共45页II.CarefulReading1.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.ComprehensionWhatwasChineseporcelainfamousfor?

Chineseporcelainwasfamousforitssophisticationandelegance.2)Whatistherelationshipbetweenpotteryandporcelain?Potteryisthepredecessorofporcelain,whileglazedpotteryisthebasisfortheemergenceofporcelain.第30页/共45页3)WhatarethequalitiesofChineseporcelainthatmakeitpopular?ComprehensionThequalitiesofChineseporcelainwhichmakeitpopularareitsserenecolor,crystalpaste,gracefuldesigns,andingeniousforms.4)Whatisthecauseoftheirregularcracksonthecrackleware?Thecauseoftheirregularcracksonthecracklewareisflawedworkmanship.第31页/共45页Comprehension5)WhydoChinesepeoplelovecrackleware?Chinesepeoplelovecracklewarebecausetheylovenature’suniquecraft.6)Whendidthemassproductionofblue-and-whiteporcelainbegin?Themassproductionofblue-and-whiteporcelainpiecesdidnotbeginuntiltheYuanDynasty.第32页/共45页Comprehension7)Whatqualitiesdoesblue-and-whiteporcelaindisplaythatreflectChineseaesthetics?Blue-and-whiteporcelaindisplayssuchqualitiesasconcisenessandelegance,serenityandpuritythatreflectChineseaesthetics.8)WhatdoesSong-dynastyporcelainemphasize?Song-dynastyporcelainemphasizesinternalbeauty.第33页/共45页9)Whyisunderglazeredporcelainnotsopopularasblue-and-whiteporcelain?ComprehensionUnderglazeredporcelainisnotsopopularasblue-and-whiteporcelainbecauseitisdifficulttoproduce.10)WhattechniquesareadoptedinChineseporcelainundertheinfluenceofEuropeanpainting?UndertheinfluenceofEuropeanpaintingEuropeanartistictechniquesareintroducedinChineseporcelaindesign,suchastheuseoflightandshadow,tomakethewholedesignvividwiththree-dimensionaleffects.第34页/共45页2.PutthefollowingintoEnglishbyreferringtothepassage．2)青花瓷器Comprehension1)开片瓷器cracklewareblue-and-whiteporcelain3)釉里红瓷器underglazeredporcelain4)粉彩瓷器famille-roseporcelainDifferentkindsofporcelain:第35页/共45页1)茶杯Comprehensionteacup2)碗bowl3)香炉incenseburner4)盘plateContainers:5)瓶vase第36页/共45页1)菊花Comprehensionchrysanthemum2)莲花lotuspetals3)栀子花gardenia4)石榴pomegranateObjectsinpatterns:5)芍药Chineseherbaceouspeony第37页/共45页6)茶花Comprehensioncamellia7)芭蕉树palmtree8)石头rocks9)竹丛grovesofbamboo10)五色花瓣five-colorpetals11)风景landscape11)花鸟bird-and-flower第38页/共45页CommunicationThefollowingisapassageonrococo.Theunderlinedsentenceistakenfromthepassage.Findthebestplacewherethesentencecouldbeputfrom[A],[B],[C]and[D].

However,sincethemid-19thcentury,thetermhasbeenacceptedbyarthistorians.Rococoisastyleof18thcenturyFrenchartandinteriordesign.[A]Rococoroomsweredesignedastotalworksofartwithelegantandornatefurniture,smallsculptures,ornamentalmirrors,andtapestry(挂毯)

complementingarchitecture,reliefs,andwallpaintings.ItwaslargelysupplantedbytheNeoclassicstyle.第39页/共45页

[B]Theword“rococo”isseenasacombinationoftheFrenchrocaille,meaningstone,andcoquilles,meaningshell,duetorelianceontheseobjectsasmotifsofdecoration.[C]ItmayalsoberelatedtotheItalianbarocco,orBaroquestyle.Duetorococo’spreferringtoshell-likecurvesandfocusingondecorativearts,somecriticsusedthetermtoderogativelyimplythatthestylewasfrivolous(琐屑的)ormerelymodish(时髦的);whenthetermwasfirstusedinEnglishinabout1836,itwasacolloquialism(口语用词)meaning“old-fashioned”.Communication第40页/共45页[D]Whilethereisstillsomedebateonthehistoricalsignificanceofthestyletoartingeneral,rococoisnowwidelyrecognizedasamajorperiodinthedevelopmentofEuropeanart.CommunicationD第41页/共45页ApplicationThestoryof