国际贸易术语解释通则2010之FCA(中英对照版)

FreeCarrier货交承运人FCA(insertnamedplaceofdelivery)Incoterms2021货交承运人〔…指定地点〕GUIDANCENOTE序言This

rule

may

be

used

irrespective

of

the

mode

of

transport

selected

and

may

also

be

used

where

more

than

one

mode

of

transport

is

employed.

“Free

Carrier〞

means

that

the

seller

delivers

the

goods

to

the

carrier

or

another

person

nominated

by

the

buyer

at

the

seller’s

premises

or

another

named

place.

The

parties

are

well

advised

to

specify

as

clearly

as

possible

the

point

within

the

named

place

of

delivery,

as

the

risk

passes

to

the

buyer

at

that

point.

If

the

parties

intend

to

deliver

the

goods

at

the

seller’s

premises,

they

should

identify

the

address

of

those

premises

as

the

named

place

of

delivery.

If,

on

the

other

hand,

the

parties

intend

the

goods

to

be

delivered

at

another

place,

they

must

identify

a

different

specific

place

of

delivery.

FCA

requires

the

seller

to

clear

the

goods

for

export,

where

applicable.

However,

the

seller

has

no

obligation

to

clear

the

goods

for

import,

pay

any

import

duty

or

carry

out

any

import

customs

formalities.

该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。“FreeCarrier〞是指卖方只要将货物在其所在地或指定交货地点交给买方指定的承运人，即完成交货。当事人应尽可能精准地指定交付地点，因为到达指定地点后风险由买方承当。如果当事人方案在卖方所在地交货，那么应指明卖方所在地的地址为指定的交付地点。如果当事人方案在另一地点交货，那么应指明另一明确的交货地点。FCA要求在需要办理海关手续时由卖方负责货物出口清关。然而，卖方并没有义务办理货物进口清关、负担任何进口关税或办理任何进口海关手续。ATHESELLER’

OBLIGATIONS卖方义务A1Generalobligationsoftheseller卖方根本义务The

seller

must

provide

the

goods

and

the

commercial

invoice

in

conformity

with

the

contract

of

sale

and

any

other

evidence

of

conformity

that

may

be

required

by

the

contract.

Any

document

referred

to

in

A1-A10

may

be

an

equivalent

electronic

record

or

procedure

if

agreed

between

the

parties

or

customary.

卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。以及经当事人同意或根据交易习惯在A1-A10中提到的任何有同等作用的电子记录或程序的凭证。A2Licences,authorizations,securityclearancesandotherformalities许可，授权，平安许可和其他正式手续Where

applicable,

the

seller

must

obtain,

at

its

own

risk

and

expense,

any

export

licence

or

other

official

authorization

and

carry

out

all

customs

formalities

necessary

for

the

export

of

the

goods.

在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承当风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。A3Contractsofcarriageandinsurance运输合同和保险合同a)Contractofcarriage运输合同The

seller

has

no

obligation

to

the

buyer

to

make

a

contract

of

carriage.

However,

if

requested

by

the

buyer

or

if

it

is

commercial

practice

and

the

buyer

does

not

give

an

instruction

to

the

contrary

in

due

time,

the

seller

may

contract

for

carriage

on

usual

terms

at

the

buyer’s

risk

and

expense.

In

either

case,

the

seller

may

decline

to

make

the

contract

of

carriage

and,

if

it

does,

shall

promptly

notify

the

buyer.

卖方没有义务为买方订立运输合同。但假设买方要求，或者如果是商业惯例而买方未适时给予卖方相反指示，那么卖方可按照通常条件订立运输合同，费用和风险由买方承当。在任何一种情况下，卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，那么应立即通知买方。b)Contractofinsurance保险合同The

seller

has

no

obligation

to

the

buyer

to

make

a

contract

of

insurance.

However,

the

seller

must

provide

the

buyer,

at

the

buyer’s

request,

risk,

and

expense

(if

any),

with

information

that

the

buyer

needs

for

obtaining

insurance.

卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用，卖方必须提供应买方办理保险所需的相关信息。A4Delivery交货The

seller

must

deliver

the

goods

to

the

carrier

or

another

person

nominated

by

the

buyer

at

the

agreed

point,

if

any,

at

the

named

place

on

the

agreed

date

or

within

the

agreed

period.

卖方必须在指定的交货地点，在约定的交货日期或期限内，将货物交付给买方指定的承运人或其他人。Deliveryiscompleted:交货在以下时候完成：a)

If

the

named

place

is

the

seller’s

premises,

when

the

goods

have

been

loaded

on

the

means

of

transport

provided

by

the

buyer.

假设指定的地点是卖方所在地，那么当货物被装上买方提供的运输工具时；b)

In

any

other

case,

when

the

goods

are

placed

at

the

disposal

of

the

carrier

or

another

person

nominated

by

the

buyer

on

the

seller’s

means

of

transport

ready

for

unloading.

If

no

specific

point

has

been

notified

by

the

buyer

under

B7

d)

within

the

named

place

of

delivery,

and

if

there

are

several

points

available,

the

seller

may

select

the

point

that

best

suits

its

purpose.

在其他情况下，当货物在卖方的运输工具上准备卸货而交给买方指定的承运人或其他人处置时完成交货。假设按照B7d)规定在指定交货地点内买方没有决定具体交货点，且有几个具体交货点可供选择时，卖方可选择最适合其目的的交货点。A5Transferofrisks风险转移The

seller

bears

all

risks

of

loss

of

or

damage

to

the

goods

until

they

have

been

delivered

in

accordance

with

A4,

with

the

exception

of

loss

or

damage

in

the

circumstances

described

in

B5.

除B5规定者外，卖方必须承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已按照A4规定交货为止。A6Allocationofcosts费用划分Thesellermustpay卖方必须支付：a)

all

costs

relating

to

the

goods

until

they

have

been

delivered

in

accordance

with

A4,

other

than

those

payable

by

the

buyer

as

envisaged

in

B6;

and

b)

where

applicable,

the

costs

of

customs

formalities

necessary

for

export,

as

well

as

all

duties,

taxes,and

other

charges

payable

upon

export.

除按照B6规定应由买方支付的费用外，卖方必须支付与货物有关的一切费用，直至已按照A4规定交货为止；在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应办理的海关手续费用及出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。A7Noticestothebuyer通知买方The

seller

must,

at

the

buyer’s

risk

and

expense,

give

the

buyer

sufficient

notice

either

that

the

goods

have

been

delivered

in

accordance

with

A4

or

that

the

carrier

or

another

person

nominated

by

the

buyer

has

failed

to

take

the

goods

within

the

time

agreed.

在货物已按照A4规定交付给承运人或在约定时间内买方指定的承运人或其他人未能接收货物时，卖方必须给予买方充分通知，由买方承当风险和费用。A8Deliverydocument交货凭证The

seller

must

provide

the

buyer,

at

the

seller’s

expense,

with

the

usual

proof

that

the

goods

have

been

delivered

in

accordance

with

A4.

The

seller

must

provide

assistance

to

the

buyer,

at

the

buyer’s

request,

risk

and

expense,

in

obtaining

a

transport

document.

卖方必须自付费用向买方提供证明按照A4规定交货的通常单据。应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用，卖方必须给予买方协助以取得运输单据。A9Checking

–packaging

–marking查对、包装、标记The

seller

must

pay

the

costs

of

those

checking

operations

(such

as

checking

quality,

measuring,

weighing,

counting)

that

are

necessary

for

the

purpose

of

delivering

the

goods

in

accordance

with

A4,

as

well

as

the

costs

of

any

pre-shipment

inspection

mandated

by

the

authority

of

the

country

of

export.

The

seller

must,

at

its

own

expense,

package

the

goods,

unless

it

is

usual

for

the

particular

trade

to

transport

the

type

of

goods

sold

unpackaged.

The

seller

may

package

the

goods

in

the

manner

appropriate

for

their

transport,

unless

the

buyer

has

notified

the

seller

of

specific

packaging

requirements

before

the

contract

of

sale

is

concluded.

Packaging

is

to

be

marked

appropriately.

卖方必须支付按照A4规定为了将货物交给买方处置所需进行的查对费用〔如查对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用〕以及出口国有关当局在装运前强制检验的费用。卖方必须自付费用包装货物，除非按照相关行业惯例，所售类型的货物通常无需包装发运。卖方应该按照有关货物运输所要求的方式包装货物，除非买方在订立合同前已经通知卖方特殊的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。A10Assistancewithinformationandrelatedcosts信息协助及相关费用The

seller

must,

where

applicable,

in

a

timely

manner,

provide

to

or

render

assistance

in

obtaining

for

the

buyer,

at

the

buyer’s

request,

risk

and

expense,

any

documents

and

information,

including

security-related

information,

that

the

buyer

needs

for

the

import

of

the

goods

and/or

for

their

transport

to

the

final

destination.

The

seller

must

reimburse

the

buyer

for

all

costs

and

charges

incurred

by

the

buyer

in

providing

or

rendering

assistance

in

obtaining

documents

and

information

as

envisaged

in

B10.

应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用，在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须给予买方一切及时的协助，以帮助其取得包括买方为进口货物和/或为使货物运输到最终目的地所需的有关货物平安信息在内的任何凭证和信息。卖方必须偿付买方按照B10规定在卖方获得相关凭证和信息时给予协助所发生的费用。BTHEBUYER’

OBLIGATIONS买方义务B1Generalobligationsofthebuyer卖方根本义务Thebuyermustpaythepriceofthegoodsasprovidedinthecontractofsale.买方必须按照销售合同规定支付价款。Any

document

referred

to

in

B1-B10

may

be

an

equivalent

electronic

record

or

procedure

if

agreed

between

the

parties

or

customary.

以及经当事人同意或根据交易习惯在B1-B10中提到的任何有同等作用的电子记录或程序的凭证。B2Licences,authorizations,securityclearancesandotherformalities许可，授权，平安许可和其他正式手续Where

applicable,

it

is

up

to

the

buyer

to

obtain,

at

its

own

risk

and

expense,

any

import

licence

or

other

official

authorization

and

carry

out

all

customs

formalities

for

the

import

of

the

goods

and

for

their

transport

through

any

country.

在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。B3Contractsofcarriageandinsurance运输合同和保险合同a)Contractofcarriage运输合同The

buyer

must

contract

at

its

own

expense

for

the

carriage

of

the

goods

from

the

named

place

of

delivery,

except

when

the

contract

of

carriage

is

made

by

the

seller

as

provided

for

in

A3

a).

买方必须自付费用订立自指定的地点运输货物的合同，卖方按照A3a〕订立了运输合同时除外。b)Contractofinsurance保险合同Thebuyerhasnoobligationtothesellertomakeacontractofinsurance.买方没有义务为卖方订立保险合同。B4Takingdelivery受领货物The

buyer

must

take

delivery

of

the

goods

when

they

have

been

delivered

as

envisaged

in

A4.

Unless

the

buyer

notifies

the

seller

otherwise,

the

seller

may

deliver

the

goods

for

carriage

in

such

a

manner

as

the

quantity

and/or

nature

of

the

goods

may

require.

买方必须在卖方按照A4规定交货时，受领货物。除非买方提出特殊要求，否那么卖方可以按照货物本身的数量和性质要求选择货物的运输方式。B5Transferofrisks风险转移The

buyer

bears

all

risks

of

loss

of

or

damage

to

the

goods

from

the

time

they

have

been

delivered

as

envisaged

in

A4.

买方必须承当自按照A4规定交货之时起货物灭失或损坏的一切风险；如果If

a)

the

buyer

fails

in

accordance

with

B7

to

notify

the

nomination

of

a

carrier

or

another

person

as

envisaged

in

A4

or

to

give

notice;

or

买方未按照B7规定给予卖方相应通知b)

the

carrier

or

person

nominated

by

the

buyer

as

envisaged

in

A4

fails

to

take

the

goods

into

its

charge,

then,

the

buyer

bears

all

risks

of

loss

of

or

damage

to

the

goods:

(i)

from

the

agreed

date,

or

in

the

absence

of

an

agreed

date,

(ii)

from

the

date

notified

by

the

seller

under

A7

within

the

agreed

period;

or,

if

no

such

date

has

been

notified,

(iii)

from

the

expiry

date

of

any

agreed

period

for

delivery,

provided

that

the

goods

have

been

clearly

identified

as

the

contract

goods.

当自约定的交货日期或并未约定日期；自买方按照A7规定指定的约定期限内的日期起或买方并未指定该日期；或自交货期限届满之日起〔但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为限〕，买方指定的承运人或其他人未能接管货物时，买方承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。B6Allocationofcosts费用划分Thebuyermustpay买方必须支付：a)

all

costs

relating

to

the

goods

from

the

time

they

have

been

delivered

as

envisaged

in

A4,

except,

where

applicable,

the

costs

of

customs

formalities

necessary

for

export,

as

well

as

all

duties,

taxes,

and

other

charges

payable

upon

export

as

referred

to

in

A6

b);

自按照A4规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用，以及在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口所需办理海关手续的费用和按照A6b)规定在货物出口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用b)

any

additional

costs

incurred,

either

because:

(i)

the

buyer

fails

to

nominate

a

carrier

or

another

person

as

envisaged

in

A4,

or

(ii)

the

carrier

or

person

nominated

by

the

buyer

as

envisaged

in

A4

fails

to

take

the

goods

into

its

charge,

or

(iii)

the

buyer

has

failed

to

give

appropriate

notice

in

accordance

with

B7,

provided

that

the

goods

have

been

clearly

identified

as

the

contract

goods;

and

在买方未能按照A4规定指定承运人或其他人，或被买方指定的承运人或其他人未能按照A4规定接管货物，或买方未能按照B7规定给予卖方适当通知〔但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为限〕时，买方应承当所发生的一切额外费用c)

where

applicable,

all

duties,

taxes

and

other

charges

as

well

as

the

costs

of

carrying

out

customs

formalities

payable

upon

import

of

the

goods

and

the

costs

for

their

transport

through

any

country.

在需要办理海关手续时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及办理海关手续的费用及从他国过境的费用B7Noticestotheseller通知卖方Thebuyermustnotifythesellerof买方必须通知卖方以下事项：a)

the

name

of

the

carrier

or

another

person

nominated

as

envisaged

in

A4

within

sufficient

time

as

to

enable

the

seller

to

deliver

the

goods

in

accordance

with

that

article;

按照A4规定及时通知其所指定的承运人或其他人的姓名，以便卖方有充分时间按照合同规定交付货物b)wherenecessary,theselectedtimewithintheperiodagreedfordeliverywhenthecarrierorpersonnominatedwilltakethegoods;一旦买方有权确定在约定的期限内承运人或被指定的其他人受领货物的具体时间时，必须给予卖方通知c)themodeoftransporttobeusedbythepersonnominated;and买方所指定的承运人采用的运输方式d)thepointoftakingdeliverywithinthenamedplace.和指定交货地点内的具体受领货物的地点B8Proofofdelivery交货证明ThebuyermustaccepttheproofofdeliveryprovidedasenvisagedinA8.买方必须接受卖方按照A8规定所提供的交货证明B9Inspectionofgoods货物检验The

buyer

must

pay

the

costs

of

any

mandatory

pre-shipment

inspection,

except

when

such

inspection

is

mandated

by

the

authorities

of

the

country

of

export.

买方必须支付任何装运前强制检验的费用，包括出口国有关当局强制进行的检验。B10Assistancewithinformationandrelatedcosts信息协助及相关费用The

buyer

must,

in

a

timely

manner,

advise

the

seller

of

any

security

information

requirements

so

that

the

seller

may

comply

with

A10.

The

buyer

must

reimburse

the

seller

for

all

costs

and

charges

incurred

by

the

seller

in

providing

or

rendering

assistance

in

obtaining

documents

and

information

as

envisaged

in

A10.

The

buyer

must,

where

applicable,

in

a

timely

manner,

provide

to

or

render

assistance

in

obtaining

for

the

seller,

at

the

seller’s

request,

risk

and

expense,

any

documents

and

information,

including

security-related

information,

that

the

seller

needs

for

the

transport

and

export

of

the

goods

and

for

their

transport

through

any

country.

买方必须及时通知卖方以便其按照A10规定提供任何必要的平安信息。买方必须偿付卖方按照A10规定在买方获得相关凭证和信息时给予协助所发生的费用。应卖方要求并由其承当风险和费用，在需要办理清关手续时，买方必须给予卖方一切及时的协助，以帮助其取得包括卖方为货物运输和出口和必要时从他国过境所需的有关货物平安信息在内的任何凭证和信息。

论大学生写作能力写作能力是对自己所积累的信息进行选择、提取、加工、改造并将之形成为书面文字的能力。积累是写作的基础，积累越厚实，写作就越有基础，文章就能根深叶茂开奇葩。没有积累，胸无点墨，怎么也不会写出作文来的。写作能力是每个大学生必须具备的能力。从目前高校整体情况上看，大学生的写作能力较为欠缺。一、大学生应用文写作能力的定义那么，大学生的写作能力究竟是指什么呢？叶圣陶先生曾经说过，“大学毕业生不一定能写小说诗歌，但是一定要写工作和生活中实用的文章，而且非写得既通顺又扎实不可。”对于大学生的写作能力应包含什么，可能有多种理解，但从叶圣陶先生的谈话中，我认为：大学生写作能力应包括应用写作能力和文学写作能力，而前者是必须的，后者是“不一定”要具备，能具备则更好。众所周知，对于大学生来说，是要写毕业论文的，我认为写作论文的能力可以包含在应用写作能力之中。大学生写作能力的体现，也往往是在撰写毕业论文中集中体现出来的。本科毕业论文无论是对于学生个人还是对于院系和学校来说，都是十分重要的。如何提高本科毕业论文的质量和水平，就成为教育行政部门和高校都很重视的一个重要课题。如何提高大学生的写作能力的问题必须得到社会的广泛关注，并且提出对策去实施解决。二、造成大学生应用文写作困境的原因：（一）大学写作课开设结构不合理。就目前中国多数高校的学科设置来看，除了中文专业会系统开设写作的系列课程外，其他专业的学生都只开设了普及性的《大学语文》课。学生写作能力的提高是一项艰巨复杂的任务，而我们的课程设置仅把这一任务交给了大学语文教师，可大学语文教师既要在有限课时时间内普及相关经典名著知识，又要适度提高学生的鉴赏能力，且要教会学生写作规律并提高写作能力，任务之重实难完成。（二）对实用写作的普遍性不重视。“大学语文”教育已经被严重地“边缘化”。目前对中国语文的态度淡漠，而是呈现出全民学英语的大好势头。中小学如此，大学更是如此。对我们的母语中国语文，在大学反而被漠视，没有相关的课程的设置，没有系统的学习实践训练。这其实是国人的一种偏见。应用写作有它自身的规律和方法。一个人学问很大，会写小说、诗歌、戏剧等，但如果不晓得应用文写作的特点和方法，他就写不好应用文。（三）部分大学生学习态度不端正。