初中主谓一致

PAGE第4-页共13页主谓一致中考考点主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容：1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：Thepoetandwriterhascome.3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every,no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with，aswellas，togetherwithalongwith，like等引导的介词短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如：Thewomenwithtwochildrenismyaunt.注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。MrSmith,followedbyhiswifeandthreechildren,hasjustarrived.5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。6、集体名词family,class,team,group等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。7、当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。TheNewYorkTimesisreadingallovertheUnitedStates.《纽约时报》8、news，maths，physics，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.9、“the+形容词”（如thepoor，therich，theyoung，theold，thedead，thesick，thebrave等）作主语，谓语动词往往用复数10、由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。11、有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：如果这类名词前用了apairof等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。13、不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.14、疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?15、分数（百分数）+of+名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。但要注意population一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。Partoftheworkhasbeendonebyus.haven’tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone剖析：由notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词根据就近原则同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用hasgone而不用hasbeen。答案：D例4：Look!There_______playingwiththetouristsonDaheSquare.A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeersC.isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers剖析：句子的主语anumberofdeer。当anumberof+名词作主语时，谓语用复数。因此首先排除C、D，而deer单复数相同，所以B也不正确。答案：A例5：TheSmiths______sendinge-mails_______letters．becauseitisfaster．A．prefer,towritingB．prefer，towriteC．prefers，towritingD．prefers，towrite剖析：姓氏名词用复数且前面加上定冠词时，表示一家人或一对夫妇。作主语时，谓语用复数。再如：Thezhousliveupstairs.(姓周的那家住在楼上)。此题答案应在A、B中选，而短语prefer…to…中的to是一个介词，故又排除B。答案：A例6：EveryoneexceptBillandJim______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.wasB.isC.areD.were剖析：根据主、从复合句时态一般要一致的原则，本题首先可排除B、C，而主句主语含有except等时，其谓语的单复数取决于except前边的名词的单复数，所以D答案也不正确。答案：A例7：EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow．A．wereB．isC．areD.was剖析：根据就近原则，应排除A、C，而题中单词now表明现在，所以D也不正确。答案：B例8：Since2000,Nanchanghasbecomeanewcity.Everything______.A.arechangedB.waschangedC.haschangedD.hadchanged剖析：根据“不定代词作主语，谓语往往用单数”这一点，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change属于不可数名词，它没有被动语态，所以B也不正确。由since引出的一个含具体过去时间的句子，主句用现在完成时。答案：C【实地演练】I.改错：1.Bothpaperandinkisusedup.2.Eatingtoomucharebadforyourhealth.3.Thispairofshoesaremybrother's.4.Eachoftheboyshaveadictionary.5EveryoneofthestudentsinClassTwohavetwobooks.6.Ithinkmathsareverydifficulttolearn.7.AlargenumberofstudentshasgonetoworkinXingjiang.8.Themotherwithtwochildrenoftengotothetown.II.用所给动词的适当形式填空9._____(be)everythingOK?10.Nobody_______(know)theanswertothequestion.11.Tendividedbytwo_______(be)five.12.Mostofthedrinkingwater______(be)fromtheBlackRiver.13.NotonlyshebutalsoI_______(do)morningexerciseseveryday.14.Eitheryouorshe_____(have)madeawrongdecision.15.Thefamily_____(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.16.Breadandbutter______(be)herdailybreakfast.17.Thepolice_____(be)tryingtocatchthethief.18.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.Ⅲ.选择填空。（）19.There_____manynewwordsinLessonOne.Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are（）20.Thesebananaslookdifferentandtheyaresweet.Right.They______herefromTaiwanyesterday.A.wasbroughtB.werebroughtC.bringD.arebrought()21.TheOlympicGames_______heldevery______years.A.is，fourB.are，fourC.is，fiveD.are，five()22.Look,herecomesome_______.A.dogB.horseC.deerD.cow()23.Theinjuredinthetsunami_____goodcareofbysomemedicalteams.A.istakenB.arebeingtakenC.aretakingD.isbeingtaken()24.ItisnotJ.K.Rowlingbutherworksthat_____usexcited.A.makesB.ismadeC.makeD.aremade()25.Onthecloset_____apairoftrousershisparentsboughtforhisbirthday.A.lyingB.liesC.lieD.islaid()26.Eachmanandeachwoman_____askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()27.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth;therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are()28.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson_______quiteeasy.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()29.WhenareyougoingtoKummingforyourholidays?Ihaven’tdecided.______thisSunday______nextSundayisOK.A.Both;andB.Either;orC.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso()30.______Helen______JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina.A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.AandB()31.Thepaperforbooksandnewpapers______madeofwood.A.areB.isC.hasD.have()32.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI______goodatpainting.Bothofus______goodpainters.A.are...areB.am...areC.is...isD.are...is()33._______ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each()34.Arethereany_______onthefarm?A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep()35.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_____beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has()36.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_____greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_____fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is()37.What_____thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is()38.Notonlyhebutalsowe_____right.Heaswellaswe_____right.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are()39.Whathe’dlike_____adigitalwatch.Whathe’dlike_____textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is()40.Myshirt_____whiteandmytrousers_____blue.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are()41.Twomonths_______quitealongtime.Yes.I’mafraidthathewillmissalotoflessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()42.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome()43.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is()44.Manyaprofessor_____lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientists_____studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are()45.Aknifeandafork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are()46.Herfamily_____muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_____dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were()47.Theboxofrubbers____white.A．isB．areC．beD．were()48.____heoryoutocomehome?A．IsB．AreC．WillD．Can()49.Thewriterandteacher____comingnow.A．isB．areC．hasD．have()50.Theoldmanhastwochildrenbut_____ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all()51.Ourknowledgeofcomputer_____growingallthetime.A.beB.isC.areD.were()52.HowandwhyJackcametoChina_____notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_____notbeendecided.A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;have()53.NowTomtogetherwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying()54.Twohundredandfiftypounds_____toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.A.isB.areC.wereD.be()55.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was()56.Soonaftertheearthquake,everyman,womanandchild_____aboutit.A.weretalkingB.wastalkingC.talkD.talks()57.Weeach_____strongpointsandeachofusontheotherhand_____weakpoints.A.have;haveB.has;haveC.has;hasD.have;has()58.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB.wa