2021版高考英语一轮复习核心素养测评十六必修4Unit1Womenofachievement含解析

核心素养测评十六必修4Unit1Womenofachievement(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheMelbourneMagicFestivalinAustraliaattractscrazyfansofallagestotheArtsCentreMelbourne.TheannualeventincludestheJuniorChampionshipsofMagic,ashowcaseforAustralia’spromisingmagiciansundertheageof18.Thecompetitorsin2018includedNicolaGidley,16,whocompetedinboththestagemagicandclose-upmagiccompetitions.Forherstageact,Nicolaperformedasoccerroutine:Shefloatedasoccerballandsomehowcausedawhistletodisappear.Fortheclose-upact,Nicolaperformedmind-bendingtrickswithRubik’sCubes.Herimpressiveroutinesearnedherthirdprizeinbothcompetitions.Nicolaenteredtheworldofmagicwhenshewasjust12,almostbychance.Afterinjuringherkneeplayingcricket,Nicolaneededsurgery.Thisleftheroncrutchesforthreemonths.Withnothingtodo,shefoundapackofcardsandbeganto“learnsimpletricksoffYouTube,”shesaid.“ThenImovedontobiggerandbetterthings,suchastrickswithrabbitsanddoves.”Nicola’shardworkhasbeenpayingoff.Justlastyear,shewasawardedafullscholarshiptothewell-knownTannen’sMagicCampinPennsylvania.Thecampissituatedina“HarryPotter-likecastle”,Nicolaexplained,wherestudentsparticipateinclassesandworkshopsrunbyleadingmagicians.Steppingonstageinfrontofanaudiencecanbeworrying,Nicolaacknowledged.“Butwitheachshow,”sheadded,“Ibecomemoreandmoreconfident.”Whenaskedforadviceforambitiousmagicians,Nicolasaid,“Performanychanceyouget.Themoreexperienceyouhaveonstageinfrontofanaudience,thebetteryoubecomeasaperformerandamagician.”【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了澳大利亚16岁女孩NicolaGidley,12岁开始玩魔术,在2018年的墨尔本魔术节中获得青少年组三等奖,她给了有志成为魔术师的人一些宝贵的建议。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mind-bending”inParagraph2mean?A.Ridiculous. B.Sensitive.C.Flexible. D.Exciting.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句“Fortheclose-upact,Nicolaperformedmind-bendingtrickswithRubik’sCubes.Herimpressiveroutinesearnedherthirdprizeinbothcompetitions.”可知,在近距离表演中,Nicola用魔方表演了激动人心的魔术。她的令人印象深刻的表演在两项比赛中都获得了三等奖。ridiculous滑稽的;sensitive敏锐的;flexible灵活的;exciting激动人心的。故选D。2.HowdidNicolabegintolearnmagic?A.Bywatchingvideos.B.Byfollowingmagicians.C.Byattendingclasses.D.ByjoiningMagicCamp.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Withnothingtodo,shefoundapackofcardsandbeganto‘learnsimpletricksoffYouTube,’”可知,12岁时,Nicola在打板球时膝盖受伤后,需要手术,这让她用拐杖走了三个月,因为无事可做,她找到了一包卡片,并开始在YouTube上学习简单的魔术技巧。YouTube是视频网站,故选A。3.WhatmadeNicolabecomeanexcellentmagician?A.Crazyfans. B.Herhardwork.C.Herluck. D.Goodstages.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Nicola’shardworkhasbeenpayingoff.”可知,Nicola的艰苦的努力使她在魔术表演中取得成功。故选B。4.WhatdoesNicola’sadviceimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.B.Seeingisbelieving.C.Practicemakesperfect.D.Wellbegunishalfdone.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段Nicola所给的建议Performanychanceyouget.Themoreexperienceyouhaveonstageinfrontofanaudience,thebetteryoubecomeasaperformerandamagician.可知,利用任何机会去表演,在舞台上在观众面前表演得越多,你就越能成为好的表演者和魔术师。她的建议隐含了一个道理:熟能生巧。A“有志者事竟成”;B“眼见为实”;C“熟能生巧”;D“良好的开端是成功的一半”。故选C。

BOnSaturdayevening,CCTVshowedacomputer-generatedimageoftheChang’e3lander’spathasitapproachedthesurfaceofthemoon,sayingthatduringthelandingperioditneededtohavenocontactwithEarth.Asitwasjusthundredsofmetersawaythelander’scamerabroadcastimagesofthemoon’ssurface.TheChang’e3’ssolarpanels,whichareusedtoabsorbsunlighttogeneratepower,openedsoonafterthelanding.Themissionblastedoff(发射)fromsouthwestChinaonDec.2onaLongMarch-3Bcarrierrocket.ItisnamedafteramythicalChinesegoddessofthemoonandthe“Yutu”rovervehicle,or“JadeRabbit”inEnglish,isnamedafterthegoddess’pet.China’smilitary-backedspaceprogramhasmademuchprogressinarelativelyshorttime,althoughitisbehindtheUnitedStatesandRussiaintechnologyandexperience.Chinasentitsfirstastronautintospacein2003,becomingthethirdnationafterRussiaandtheUnitedStatestoachievemannedspacetravelindependently.In2006,itsentitsfirstprobe(探测器)tothemoon.Chinaplanstoopenaspacestationaround2020andsendanastronauttothemoonafterthat.“Theyaretakingtheirtimewithgettingtoknowabouthowtoflyhumansintospace,howtobuildspacestations,howtoexplorethesolarsystem,especiallythemoonandMars.Theyaremakingbigadvancements,andIthinkoverthenext10—20yearsthey’llcertainlybematchingRussiaandAmericainthisareaandmaybeovertakingtheminsomeareas.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是中国在太空探索方面正在取得的进展。中国将在太空探索领域取得成功。5.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A.Anunknownflyingobject.B.Chinaismakingprogressinthespaceexploration.C.China’sintentionoftakingoverthespace.D.HowwillChang’e3besentintospace?【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Theyaretakingtheirtimewithgettingtoknowabouthowtoflyhumansintospace,howtobuildspacestations,howtoexplorethesolarsystem,especiallythemoonandMars.Theyaremakingbigadvancements,可知,中国在太空探索方面正在取得进展。故选B。6.Accordingtothetext,whatisthe“JadeRabbit”?A.Someone’spet.B.AgoddessinChina’smyth.C.Thenameofthecarrierrocket.D.ThenameoftherovervehicleofChang’e3.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中TheChang’e3’ssolarpanels,whichareusedtoabsorbsunlighttogeneratepower,openedsoonafterthelanding.和ItisnamedafteramythicalChinesegoddessofthemoonandthe“Yutu”rovervehicle,or“JadeRabbit”inEnglish,isnamedafterthegoddess’pet.可知the“JadeRabbit”是嫦娥三号月球车的名字。故选D。7.InParagraph3,theunderlinedword“it”refersto________.

A.China B.RussiaC.theUnitedStates D.thespacestation【解析】选A。代词指代题。根据第三段China’smilitary-backedspaceprogramhasmademuchprogressinarelativelyshorttime,althoughitisbehindtheUnitedStatesandRussiaintechnologyandexperience.“中国军方支持的太空计划在相对较短的时间内取得了很大进展,尽管在技术和经验上落后于美国和俄罗斯。”由此推知it指的是“中国”。故选A。8.Whydoestheauthorquote(引用)someone’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Todiscussothercountries’progressinspaceexploration.B.Totellreadersmoreaboutwhyweshouldexplorethespace.C.ToarguewhetherChinaisgoingtobenefitfromspaceprogramme.D.ToexplainthatChinawillsucceedinthefieldofspaceexploration.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Theyaremakingbigadvancements,andIthinkoverthenext10—20yearsthey’llcertainlybematchingRussiaandAmericainthisareaandmaybeovertakingtheminsomeareas.可知,作者在最后一段引用别人的话是为了解释中国将在太空探索领域取得成功。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读填句Livingtotheripeoldageof90maydependonyourbodysize—bothheightandweight—aswellasyourlevelofphysicalactivity,andgeeingtoinfluenceawoman’slifespanmorethanitdoesaman’s.Thestudyfoundwomenwholivedto90were,onaverage,tallerandhadputonlessweightsincetheageof20ascomparedtowomenwhowereshorterandheavier.1.However,mensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen.In1986researchersaskedover7,000Norwegianmenandwomenbetweenage55and69abouttheirheight,currentweight,andweightatage20.Bothgendersalsotoldresearchersabouttheircurrentphysicalactivities.2.Themenandwomenwerethensortedintodailyactivityquotas:lessthan30minutes,30to60minutes,and90minutesormore.Menandwomeninthestudyfaredverydifferentlywhenitcametotheimpactofbodysizeandexercise.Womenwhoweighedlessatage20andputonlessweightastheyagedweremorelikelytolivelongerthanheavierwomen.3.________Thestudyfoundwomenwhoweretallerthan5feet9incheswere31%morelikelytoliveintotheir90sthanwomenwhowerelessthan5feet3inches.

4.________Menwhospent90minutesadayormorebeingactivewere39%morelikelytoliveto90thanmenwhowerephysicallyactiveforlessthan30minutes.

However,womenwhowerephysicallyactiveformorethan60minutesadaywereonly21%morelikelytoliveto90thanthosewhodid30minutesorless.Andunlikemen,therewasnobonusforincreasingactivity.5.

A.Heightplayedamajorfactor.B.Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.C.Thestudywasobservationalandcouldn’testablishcause.D.Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.E.Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.F.Inaddition,foreach30minutesadaythemenwereactive,theywere5%morelikelytoreachthatage.G.Andtheyincludeddogwalking,gardening,homeimprovements,walkingorbikingtoworkandsports.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人的寿命取决于哪些因素。研究表明活到90岁的高龄可能取决于你的身高和体重以及你的身体活动水平,并且指出活动、身高和体重影响一个女人的寿命比影响一个男性的寿命更多。1.【解析】选B。上文提示“研究发现活到90岁的女性,平均而言,更高,自从20岁就更不易发胖,这是与更矮、更重的女性相比。”而下文提到mensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen以及However可知前后相反,前面提女性,后面讲男性,承接上文,B项Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.切题。故选B。2.【解析】选G。上文提示“男女双方还告诉研究人员关于他们当前的体育活动。”承接上文,G项Andtheyincludeddogwalking,gardening,homeimprovements,walkingorbikingtoworkandsports.(它们包括遛狗、园艺、家庭环境的改善、走路或骑自行车去上班和运动。)切题。该项中的they指的就是上句中的activities。故选G。3.【解析】选A。下文提示“研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的女性与身高不到5英尺3英寸的女性相比,有31%更有可能活到90多岁。”承接下文,A项Heightplayedamajorfactor.(高度扮演了一个主要因素。)故选A。4.【解析】选E。下文提示“一天花了90分钟或更多时间在运动上的男性与每天锻炼少于30分钟的男性相比有39%更有可能活到90岁。”承接下文,E项Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.(男性是否能活到90多岁,其因素似乎既不是身高也不是体重,而是活动标准。)切题。故选E。5.【解析】选D。上文提示“与男性不同,增加活动没有额外的收获。”承接上文,D项Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.(事实上,研究发现,女性的最优水平的活动是每天60分钟。)切题。故选D。Ⅲ.应用文写作假如你叫李华。你的笔友Chris写信告诉你,他打算暑期来你的家乡北京旅游。在信中他向你咨询关于北京的一些情况。请你从以下几个方面给他写一封