2018高考英语II卷英语：阅读理解D详解(北京四中详解)

2018高考英语II卷英语：阅读理解D详解（北京四中详解）北京四中高三英语教研室整理真题呈现（2018全国高考英语II阅读理解D）We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What'stheproblem?It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互动）withitswaiter,theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."it'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband.”saysDunn."Butinteractionswithperipheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.研习真题，助力英语学习，2018全国高考英语阅读理解深度解析32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.AddictiontosmartphonesB.InappropriatebehavioursinpublicplacesAbsenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.ImpatiencewithslowserviceWhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.Itraisespeople'sconfidence.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCountsWaysofMakingSmallTalkBenefitsofSmallTalkUncomfortableSilence研习真题，助力英语学习，2018全国高考英语阅读理解深度解析正确答案CBDC答案解析本文属于议论文。文章围绕淡忘或者把闲聊视为不重要的事情，但是闲聊(smalltalk)是社会人际交往的润滑剂，能给予我们归属感，与他人建立一种联系，并给我们带来巨大的收获。主要采用引用别人观点来例证观点的论证方法。32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?第一段描述了什么现象？A.Addictiontosmartphones对智能手机的依赖。B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces公共场所不当行为。Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.陌生人之间缺乏沟通。Impatiencewithslowservice慢服务使人不耐烦。题目给出的可利用的信息inthefirstparagraph，充分说明本题要定位到第一段。题目中的疑问词Whatphenomenon，暗示题目考查段落在文章中的篇章功能。从全文的主旨和行文思路，可以知道：本文属于议论文。首段介绍当前存在的现象，后面段落围绕现象展开议论。既然首段引入话题，那么思考可以从两个角度入手：首先，从全文考虑，核心话题为smalltalk，那么与其相关的选项C（Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.陌生人之间缺乏沟通）则入选。其次，从本段分析，找到本段的关键信息:worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.认真体会silence，答案可以得出。此外，虽然题目提供inthefirstparagraph的定位信息，但第一段的文字是列举具体的现象，而问题需要概括现象。仔细观察会发现:第二段的首句为过渡句，它以疑问句的形式出现，它恰好就是本题的另一种呈现。这一句的具体回答为第二段后面的文字，后面的核心信息为“conversation”。选项C与其相吻合，所以入选。WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?卡杜西认为，什么是成功闲聊的重要因素？Showinggoodmanners.表现出良好的礼貌。Relatingtootherpeople.与他人有关。Focusingonatopic.专注于一个主题。Makingbusinessdeals做商业交易。本题属于细节信息理解题。从题目中的accordingtoCarducci和importantforsuccessfulsmalltalk要求和暗示，定位到第三段。选取人物言论是引用论证的方法。论据用来证明观点的。那么我们找的方向应该是本段的观点性语句。可以从语句“butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialcommunication...”以及“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”分析思考。尤其Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalk和Whatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalk是信息对应。Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem（成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人沟通，而不仅仅是与他们沟通）的表述是B项的具体表述。Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?这家咖啡店的对闲聊的研究暗示了什么？Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.它能改善家庭关系。Itraisespeople'sconfidence.它提高了人们的信心。Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.这项的和正式会谈一样重要。Itmakespeoplefeelgood.它使人们感觉良好。题为细节理解题。记住细节和例子往往是为观点和主旨服务的。suggest这个题目所给信息，此题不在于考查例子，而在于考查学生对于主旨的理解与理解。从题目所给信息定位到第四段和第五段，此段的关键语句：...peoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers中的feelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging与B.Itraisespeople'sconfidence属于同意置换，故选B.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?这篇课文的最佳标题是什么？ConversationCounts谈话的重要性WaysofMakingSmallTalk闲聊的方式BenefitsofSmallTalk闲聊的好处UncomfortableSilence不舒服的沉默本题为总结概括题，要求选出文章最佳题目。我们可以找文章主题句，也可以找话题“smalltalk”和核心信息“communication”则该题便可迎刃而解。但一定紧扣主旨，不要纠结于细节。辨析时要充分体会counts,ways和benefits的区别，从全文角度体会，便会排除B和D。A和C的甄别是此题的难点。虽然“communication”文章多处提到，但不是全文核心话题。真题译文：我们都去过那里：在电梯里，在银行排队，或坐飞机，周围都是像我们一样，全神贯注在智能手机上的人，更糟糕的是，他们在令人不舒服的沉默中挣扎。.有什么问题吗？我们都有可能已经破坏了谈话的智慧。更有可能的是，我们没有人开始谈话，因为这是尴尬和挑战，或者我们认为这是烦人又没必要。但是下一次当你发现自己和陌生人在一起的时候，认为闲聊是值得的。专家们说这是一种无价的社会实践，会带来很大的好处。把闲聊视为不重要的事情很容易，但我们不能忘记，如果不是为了闲聊，就根本不存在深厚的人际关系。闲聊是社交交流的润滑剂，印第安纳大学东南分校害羞研究所所长贝尔纳多•卡杜西说，“几