XX大学研究生英语学术论文写作样卷

江苏大学XXXX级研究生期末考试卷样卷课程：英语学术论文写作时间：XXXXWhatarethegenerallinguisticfeaturesofEnglishacademicwriting?(10%）A1:Thereareeightmainfeaturesthatareoftendiscussedtorepresentthestyleofacademicwriting:complex,formal,objective,explicit,accurate,hedged,responsibleandmakingreferencetootherwriters’work.2.Comparethestylisticfeaturesofthefollowingtwopassages.(15%)(1)Withthemaidholdingtheumbrellaoverher,shewalkedalongthegravelpathuntilshewasundertheirwindow.Thetablewasthere,washedbrightgreenintherain,butthecatwasgone.Shewassuddenlydisappointed.Themaidlookedupather.

“Haperdutoqualquecosa,Signora?[Haveyoulostsomething,Madam?]”

“Therewasacat,”saidthe?Americangirl.

“Acat?”

“Si,ilgatto.[Yes,acat.]”

“Acat?”themaidlaughed.“Acatintherain?”

“Yes,”shesaid,“underthetable.”Then:“Oh.Iwanteditsomuch.Iwantedakitty.”

WhenshespokeEnglishthemaid’sfacetightened.

“Come,Signora,”shesaid.“Wemustgetbackinside.Youwillbewet.”

“Isupposeso,”saidtheAmericangirl.

Theywentbackalongthegravelpathandpassedinthedoor.Themaidstayedoutsidetoclosetheumbrella.AstheAmericangirlpassedtheoffice,thepadronebowedfromhisdesk.Somethingfeltverysmallandtightinsidethegirl.Thepadronemadeherfeelverysmallandatthesametimereallyimportant.Shehadamomentaryfeelingofbeingofsupremeimportance.Shewentonupthestairs.Sheopenedthedooroftheroom.Georgewasonthebed,reading.------ExcerptedfromashortstorybyHemingway(2)Thereisnowwidespreadagreementthatthechangesnowunderwayintheearth'sclimatesystemhavenoprecedentinthehistoryofhumancivilization(HYPERLINK/science/article/pii/S096262980700039XIPCC,2007andHYPERLINK/science/article/pii/S096262980700039XStern,2007).Asamacro-driverofmanykindsofenvironmentalchangessuchascoastalerosion,decliningprecipitationandsoilmoisture,increasedstormintensity,andspeciesmigration,climatechangeposesriskstohumansecurity(HYPERLINK/science/article/pii/S096262980700039XMcCarthy,Canziani,Leary,Dokken,&White,2001).Inmostpartsoftheworld,theimpactsofclimatechangeonsocial–ecologicalsystemswillbeexperiencedthroughbothchangesinmeanconditions(suchastemperature,sea-level,andannualprecipitation)overlong-timescales,butalsothroughincreasesintheintensityandinsomecasesfrequencyoffloods,droughts,stormsandcyclones,fires,heatwaves,andepidemics.Outsideoftheseshort-andlong-termchanges,whichareprojectedtooccurwithhighlevelsofcertainty,therealsoexistsomewhatmoreunquantifiablerisksofhigh-impactevents.Theseincludemeltingofglaciersandpermafrostwhichmayaddseveralmeterstoglobalsea-levels,collapseofthethermohalinecirculationwhichmaycausesignificantregionalclimatechangesinthenorthernhemisphere,andlargescaleshiftsintheAsianmonsoonandtheElNinoSouthernOscillationphenomenon(HYPERLINK/science/article/pii/S096262980700039XOppenheimerandAlley,2004,HYPERLINK/science/article/pii/S096262980700039XVellingaandWood,2007andHYPERLINK/science/article/pii/S096262980700039XSchneideretal.,2007).----“Climatechange,humansecurityandviolentconflict”,PoliticalGeography,Vol.26,Issue6,Aug.2007,P640A2:3.Whataregeneralfunctionsofintroduction?(5%)A3:Generallyspeaking,thesuccessfulintroductionofapapershouldhavethefollowingfourfunctionstofacilitatethecommunicationroducingthesubject;limitingtheresearchscope;statingthegeneralpurpose;showingthewritingarrangement.4.Revisethefollowingabstract.(10%)Asweallknow,waterislife.Inthat,wecannotlivewithoutit.Forsometimenow,theissueofourwatersystemhasbecomeanimportantissuetofocuson.Therehavebeenmanywaterproblemsduetoenvironmentaldegradations,suchaswaterpollution.Wemustbeawareoftheimportanceofwaterinoursocietyandtheneedtoprotectandpreventitfrompollution.ThispaperintroducesthesurveyofwaterresourcesinZhenjiang,andthenexplainsthesourcesanddistributionofthemajorwaterpollutioninthecity.Throughthedataanalysisof5-years’industrialwaterandlivingwater,itpointsouttheeffectivenessofwaterpollutioncontrolofZhenjiangandsomeproblemsthatstillneededtoberesolved.Waterpollutionhasagreateffectonthesocialenvironment.Thecontrolstrategiescouldbeproposedtoreducewaterpollutionandpurifytheenvironment,suchastheconsolidationoflawsystem,thepreventionandmonitoringofwater,thepromotionofwater-savingtechnologies,theintroductionofprocessingtechniqueandtreatmentofwastewater,etc.5.Whatarethegeneralrequirementsforresearchdescription?(5%)A5:(1)Presentingapictureoftheobject(2)Illustratingtheobjectinartificiallanguage(3)Makingnecessarycomparison(4)Sizingtheobjectspecially(5)Locatingtheobjectcorrectly(6)Generalizing/systematizingtheobservationcarefully6.Readthefollowingsectionandanalyzethemethodsofdevelopment.(10%)Thedifferentarchitecturalstyleandspaceenvironmentoftheoldcityistheinfluenceofthevariouscultureimpactoncitiesbyconstrstingthespacecharacterandthehousingconstructionoftheeasterncitiesandwesterncities.First,wewilldiscussthedevelopmentofwesterncultureandtheformationofthecitiesinthehistoricalperspective.Thenwewillconcludethewesternculturalcharacteranditsimpactoncityformation.Forexample,thewesternnotionofpublicmoreimportantthanprivacyhaveinfluencedthecityarrangementexpresedbythebuildingslocatedsurroundingacentralsquare,showninthefollowingfigure.Second,wewillspecicallyanalyzehowtheChinesetraditinalcultrueinfluenceonthehistoricalformationoftheoldcitythatembodiedthespirtioftheChinesepeople.TheEasternsocialstructurhasbeencharacterizedwiththestricthierarchyandconcernedwithfamilysystmedevelopedthroughlonghistory,andthiscultureideologyhaveformedthestrictaxis,straightnorthotsouthwildstreetandtheintrovertcourtyardofthetraditionaleasterncities.Then,agraphofthetraditioanlChineseoldcitywillbeshowntoillustratethecultureimpactonthecitycharacter.Basedontheabovespecificanalysisofthedifferentcharacterofthewesterncitiesandeasterncities.Wecanconcludehowthevariouscultruescaninfluencethedifferentcityformationanditscharacterbymakingacomparisonshowninthefollowingtable.Finally,wecangeneralziethatexisitingoldcitiesatpresentarethereflectionofvariousculturetraditonsofdifferenthistoricalperiodsanddifferentcoutnries,cultrueelementswillhaveimportantimpactoncityformation.(fromUrbanStudies,Vol.65,No.4,1996)A6:thereare9commonlyusedlogicpatternsofarguments.Inacademicwriting:directstatement,induction,deduction,analogy,illustration,quotation,comparison,disproof,andcauseandeffect.7.Thesentencestructuresinthefollowingpassagearemonotonousandprimer.Rewritethesentencestoavoidmonotonousandprimerstyle.(10%)Computerizedsystemscanoperateinoneofthreemodes.Theoperatingmodesarebatchprocessing,remotebatchprocessing,andtime-shareprocessing.Conventionalbatchprocessingmetallbutoneofthedesignrequirements.Theexceptionwasaccessibility.Batchprocessingcouldnotprovideoutputtodiversified,remotelocationsinatimelymanner.Remotebatchprocessing,asthenameimplied,couldprovidebatchprocessingatremotelocations.Itcoulddothisthroughtheuseofteletype-writerterminalsasoutputdevices.Unfortunatelytheresponsetimeforremotebatchprocessingisunpredictable.Itcanvaryfromafewminutestoseveralhours.A7:8.Howtoavoidunintentionalplagiarisminaprofessionalwriting?(10%)A8:Ifyouarequotingthewordsyourecordmustmatchexactlythewordsinyoursource.Ifyouareputtingtheideasinyourownwords,thentheymustbeyourownwords,notthoseofthesource.Ifyoucombineyourownwordswiththoseofthesource,thoseofthesourcemustbeenclosedinquotationmarks.Youshouldfollowtheseruleswhenyouaretakingnotesandwhenyouareusingthosenotestowriteyourpaper.9.Analyzethelinguisticfeaturesofthefollowingacknowledgements.(10%)AcknowledgementsIwouldliketothankDr.GillianTober(LeedsAddictionUnit)forherinterestinmyresearchproposal,andforallowingmeaccesstotheUKATTdataformystudy.Additionally,IexpressthankstoAdeleLoftusandGailCrossley(LeedsAddictionUnit),fortheirassistancewiththeadministrationrequirementstothatend.WarmthanksareextendedtomysupervisorsProfessorAlexCopello(UniversityofBirmingham),andDr.AlisonRolfe(NewmanUniversityCollege,Birmingham),fortheirtimeandcommentsinrelationtomyempiricalpaperandliteraturereview,andtheirwillingnesstobearwithmewhengettingthisdownonpaper.Massivethankstomymum,JenniferLane,forallowingmetouseherlittleoffice(whenIvisitedherandDadattheirlovelybungalowontheCosta‐del‐Essex).Thanksalsotomycat,Kiwi,whospenthoursonendpurringnexttomewhileIwasworkingandwhoprobablydoesn’tknoworindeedcarehowcomfortingthiswastome.Finally,Iexpressheartfeltgratitudetomyhusband,Dr.GrahamFeeney,forhiskindnes