stepbystep30003答案原文16单元

Unit1WorldNews:InternationalRelationsPartIWarmingupATapescripts:TheformerAmericanDefenseSecretaryWilliamPerryhasrecommendedaradicalchangeofpolicytowardsNorthKorea.HundredsofthousandsofmothersfromacrosstheUnitedStatesgatheredhereinWashingtonSundaytopushfortougherguncontrollaws.There'sbeenfurtherfightingbetweenMacedonianforcesandEthnicAlbanianguerrillasinsidetheMacedonianborderwithKosovo.4.AbombdroppedbytheUnitedState'snavyaircraftduringtraininginNATOistakinganumberofstepstoallaygrowingdisquietaboutthepossiblehealthrisksfromammunitionscontainingdepleteduranium,whichitusedinKosovoandBosnia.B1.Whatisthesummit'sstatementexpectedtocallonUNmembers?Tomakecommitmentstoeradicatepoverty,promotedemocracyandeducation,andreversethespreadofAIDS.WhichthreecountriesareadmittedbyASEANonSaturday?Burma,Cambodia,andtheLaos.WhathappenedonFridayabouttenmilessouthofPearlHarbor?AU.S.nuclearsubmarinetorethroughaJapanesefishingvessel,sinkingitwithinminutes.Howmanypeoplewereonthevessel?Andhowmanyweremissing?35/9.4.WhathappenedintheWestBankandGaza?GunbattlesbetweenIsraelitroopsandPalestiniangunmenhavebeenraidingovernight.5.WhataretheproblemswiththenuclearfacilitiesandnuclearplantsinJapan?Somenuclearfacilitieshavebreachedmanyhealthandsafetylaws.Morethanhalfofthenuclearplantsfailedsomebasictests,suchascheckingradiationmeasurements.Tapescripts:1.Withthefinaldeclarationonitsroleinthe21stcentury,thesummit'sstatementisexpectedtocallonUNmemberstomakecommitmentstoeradicatepoverty,promotedemocracyandeducation,andreversethespreadofAIDS.Morethan150headsofstateandgovernmentattendedthesummit,thelargestgatheringofworldleadersinhistory.2.TheAssociationofSouth-EastAsianNationshasdecidedtoinviteBurmatojoinitsranks,shruggingoffwesterndenunciationsofthemilitaryregimeinRangoon.ASEANforeignministersvotedonSaturdaytoadmitBurma,Cambodia,andtheLaos.3.Themissing,fourofthemteenagers,wereamong35peopleaboardahighschoolfishingvesselfromJapan.OnFriday,submarinetorethroughtheship,sinkingitwithinminutes.TheUSSGreenville,whichwasnotseriouslydamaged,wasperforminganemergencysurfacingdrillwhenthecollisionoccurredabouttenmilessouthofPearlHarbor.CoastGuardrescueteamspluckedallbutnineofthevictimsfromtheroughseas.4.GunbattlesbetweenIsraelitroopsandPalestiniangunmanhavebeenraidingovernightintheWestBankandGaza.TheupsurgeinviolencecomesafterIsraeliattackhelicopterstargetedandkilledamemberofanelitePalestiniansecurityforce.5.SomenuclearfacilitiesinJapanhavebreachedmanyhealthandsafetylaws.Governmentinspectorschecked17nuclearplants.Morethanhalfofthemfailedsomebasictests,suchascheckingradiationmeasurements.Japanesenuclearregulatorshavebeenorderedtocrackdownfollowingthecountry'sworstnuclearaccidentinSeptember.Sixty-ninepeoplewereexposedtodangerouslevelsofradiationintheaccident.PartIINewsreportsSummary:ThisnewsreporttellsusthattheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyhaselectedColumbia,Ireland,Mauritius,NorwayandSingaporeasitsnewnon-permanentmembersoftheSecurityCouncil.Statements:Columbia,Ireland,andSingaporewontheirseatsasnonpermanentmembersoftheSecurityCouncilonthefirstroundofballotingwhileMauritiusandNorwaywontheirseatsonthefourthballot.SudanandMauritiusaretwocandidatesforthesecondseatfortheAfricanandAsiangroup.Therewerethreecountriescontendingforthetwoseatsallottedtothewesternindustrializedgroupofnations.4.TheSecurityCouncilismadeupof15members,includingfivepermanentmembers--China,France,GreatBritain,Russia,andtheUnitedStates--and10non-permanentmembers.Tapescript:TheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyhaselected'Columbia,Ireland,Mauritius,NorwayandSingaporeasthenewnon-permanentmembersoftheSecurityCouncil.Thevotefollowsseveralweeksofhagglingandmaneuvering.Columbia,Ireland,andSingaporewontherequiredtwothirdsmajorityonthefirstroundofballoting.Butittookanotherthreeroundsofvotingtodecideontheremainingtworegionalseats.ContentionmarkedthevotingforthesecondseatfortheAfricanandAsiangroup.TheUnitedStateslobbiedintenselyagainstSudan,thecandidateoftheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.Mauritius,thecandidatesupportedbyWashington,wononthefourthroundofvoting.IrelandeasilycapturedoneofthetwoseatsallottedtothewesternNewYorklastweektopressthecaseforhisnation'srepresentationontheSecurityCouncilforthefirsttimesince1982.Norwayalsowononthefourthballot.Thenewmembersbegintheirtwo-yeartermsinJanuary.TheSecurityCouncilismadeupofatotalof15members,includingfivepermanentmembers--China,France,GreatBritain,Russia,andtheUnitedStates--and10non-permanentmembers.Fivenon-permanentmembersareelectedtotwo-yeartermseachyear.BSummaryThisnewsreporttellsusthattheUnitedNationsHumanRightsCommissionwasgoingtoholdanemergencymeetingtodealwiththecrisissituationbetweenIsraelisandPalestinians.Answerstothequestions:53483TheUnitedStatesCanadaOctober18thNomorethanthreedaysTogettheIsraelisandPalestiniansbacktothenegotiatingtable4/Bosnianwar/genocideinRwanda/violenceinEastTimorTapescript:Forty-eightofthe(UnitedNationsHumanRightsCommission's)53membernationsvotedtoholdtheemergencymeeting.TheUnitedStatescastthesoledissentingvoteandCanadaabstained.Threeothercountriesdidnotvote.ThespecialmeetingwillbeginOctober18thandwilllastfornomorethanthreedays.UNspokeswomanMarieHeuzesaysonepurposeofthemeetingistotrytolearnhowthecycleofviolencebetweenIsraelisandPalestinianscanbestopped."Whenyouhavesuchahigh-profileforacrisiswhichissodangerous,notonlyforthepeopleinPalestineandinIsrael,butintheregion,thereisafear--andthisisprobablywhytherewasalargeconsensusonthismeetingtodiscusstheissue--becausethesituationinthispartoftheworldissovolatile,sodangerous,soimportanttocontrolthateverybodythinksthattheyhavesomethingtocontribute."MsHeuzesaysshethinkstheUnitedNationsandtheinternationalcommunityasawholecanplayaconstructiveroleinthepresentsituationandintryingtogettheIsraelisandPalestiniansbacktothenegotiatingtable.OfficialsfromtheUNHumanRightsCommissionwilldiscusstheagendatowardthemeetingonWednesday.Thisisonlythefifthtimethecommissionhasgoneintoemergencymeetingtodealwithacrisissituation.PrevioussessionsdealtwiththeBosnianwar,thegenocideinRwanda,andtheviolenceinEastTimor.Questions:HowmanymembersarethereintheUNHumanRightsCommission?Howmanyofthemvotedtoholdtheemergencymeeting?Howmanyofthemdidn'tvote?Whichcountrycastthedissentingvote?Whichcountryabstained?Whenwillthemeetingbegin?Howlongwillitlast?What'sthepurposeofthismeeting?Howmanyemergencymeetingshavebeenheldbeforethisone?Whatwerethethreecrisissituationsthattheydealtwith?PartIIIAnti-piracymissionAEU’sNavalOperationThemassiveproblem:PiracyoffSomalia’swaters100ships16shipsmorethan350crewmembersEU’smission:6warships3surveillanceplanes?Aim:Todeter,toprevent,toprotect?Headquarters:NearLondon?Duration:Atleastayear

.BChineseNavy’sEscortMissionagainstPiracyPrimarymission:vessels,personnelandcargo,hitpiracyTarget:Toprotecttheshipandpersonnelpassingthroughthearea,transportinghumanitarianmaterialsNumberofcrewmembers:800incl.70soldiersfromtheNavy’sspecialforcesDurationofthefirstphase:ThreemonthsTimereadytoreceiveprotectionappeals:Jan.6PartIVSpeechesExtract1(expressinganopinion):Ibelievethat...Ibelieveweshould...Extract2(payingatribute):Hesaidtothosehetouchedandwhosoughttotouchhim...Extract3(expressinganopinion)--Ihaveadream...Extract4(expressinganopinion).Americaneedsafull-timePresidentandafull-timeCongress.Extract5(acceptingapost):Iamprofoundlygrateful...forgivingmethechancetoserveyou.(makingapromise):IwilldoeverythingIcantobeworthyof...Ipromiseyou...thatIwill...Tapescript:1.Ibelievethatthisnationshouldcommititselftoachievingthegoal,beforethisdecadeisout,oflandingamanonthemoonandreturninghimsafelytotheearth.Nosinglespaceprojectinthisperiodwillbemoreimpressivetomankind,ormoreimportantforthelong-rangeexplorationofspace;andnonewillbesodifficult,orexpensivetoaccomplish...But,inaveryrealsense,itwillnotbeonemangoingtothemoon.Ifwemakethisjudgmentaffirmatively,itwillbeanentirenation...Ibelieveweshouldgotothemoon.(JohnF.Kennedy25/05/1961)2.Ashesaidmanytimes,inmanypartsofthisnation,tothosehetouchedandwhosoughttotouchhim:"Somemenseethingsastheyareandsay'Why?'Idreamthingsthatneverwereandsay'Whynot?'"(EdwardM.Kennedy08/06/1968)3.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,sonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.Ihaveadreamthatoneday,eventheStateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskin,butbythecontentoftheircharacter.(Rev.MartinLutherKing,Jr.28/08/1963)Americaneedsafull-timePresidentandafull-timeCongress.Particularlyatthistime,withproblemswefaceathomeandabroad.TocontinuetofightthroughthemonthsaheadformypersonalvindicationwouldalmosttotallyabsorbthetimeandattentionofboththePresidentandtheCongressinaperiodwhenourentirefocusshouldbeonthegreatissuesofpeaceabroadandprosperitywithoutinflationathome.(RichardThankyouforopeningupyourmindsandyourhearts,forseeingthepossibilityofwhatwecoulddotogetherforourchildrenandforourfuturehereinthisstateandinournation.Iamprofoundlygratefultoallofyouforgivingmethechancetoserveyou.Iwill...IwilldoeverythingIcantobeworthyofyourfaithandtrustandtohonorthepowerfulexampleofSenatorDanielPatrickMoynihan...IpromiseyoutonightthatIwillreachacrosspartylinestobringprogressforallofNewYork'sfamilies.TodaywevotedasDemocratsandRepublicans.TomorrowwebeginagainasNewYorkers(HillaryClinton07/11/2000)Unit2EarthandEnvironmentPart1WarmingupA1impact

ofclimate

change

damagetocrops

worse...22000delegatesnorthern

Brazil

third

UnitedNationsConferenceonDesertification.3Ahugeoilspill

Mexico,...4.Wildfires

Florida

contained

aweek...5Greenlandismeltingaroundtheedges50cubickilometersraiseglobalsealevel...B1.Itattemptstobalanceenvironmentalconcernsandtheneedsofthecommunity.Reptilespeciesareingreatertroublethanamphibianspecies.3.Anewapproachinthefightagainsttheillegaldrugstrade.Oneineveryeightspeciesofplantsisthreatenedwithextinction.5.Anewlocaldirectoryfortheenvironmentally-aware,

calledthePartII

“BoulderCountyGreenPagesNewsReports

”.A...Washington

theinformationeconomy

deterioratinghealth

oftheplanet

information

economy

communicationeducation

andentertainment

physical

exam

vital

signsspecies

climate

temperatures

water

tablesglaciersforests

fisheries

tostabilizebothclimateandworldpopulation

growthBSummarythesevereshortageofwaterinsomedevelopingnations.globalsolutionsarefoundsoon.Answerstothequestions150MondayAlmostonebillionpeoplecouldsufferfromascarcityofwater.4.MiddleEast,partsofAfrica,westernAsia,NortheasternChina,westernandsouthernIndia,largepartsofPakistanandMexico,partsofthePacificcoastoftheUnitedStatesandSouthAmerica.Totreatwaterasapreciousresource.5liters50liters500liters130,000/80%Plastic/glass/tincans/newspapersRecycletruckpickitup.Oneofcommunity’srecyclingcentersEachweekdayConductstoursoftheplant3/48.SodtoothercompaniesthatmakethemintodifferentproductsMadeintonewcontainersOneofthetopfiveintheUSAUnit3WorldNews:EconomicDevelopmentsPartIWarmingupA1.WhohavebeenmeetinginHongKongtodaytodiscusstheoutlookfortheglobaleconomy?CentralBankgovernorsfrommorethanadozencountries.2.WhatdoesUNCTADsayabouttheworldwidetotalofforeigninvestment?Itgrewby40%lastYeartomorethan600billiondollars.Whohasapprovedacutinincometaxrates?TheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentatives.Whohasannouncedjobcutsafterafallindemandforitsproducts?IntelWhatisitsplan?Toreduceitsworkforceby5,000.WhatdecisionshavebeenmadebyEU,theU.S.andCanadaafteracaseoffoot-and-mouthdiseasewasconfirmedinFrance?EUhasimposedfurtherrestrictionsonthemovementoflivestock.TheU.S.andCanadahaveissuedtemporarybansontheimportofanimalproducefromEU.Tapescript:CentralBankgovernorsfrommorethanadozencountrieshavebeenmeetinginHongKongtoday.OnesubjecttheylikelydiscussedistheoutlookfortheglobaleconomybecauseoftheandJapan'sstrugglingrecovery.AnothertopictheymayhavediscussedishowtostrengthenfinancialmarketsinemergingeconomiesinAsiaandelsewhere.2.AUnitedNations'reportsaystheworldwidetotalofforeigninvestmentgrewbynearly40%lastyeartomorethan600billiondollars.ThereportbytheUNConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,UNCTADsaysmostofittookplacebetweendevelopedcountriesasbigcompaniestookoneanotherover.3.TheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativeshasapprovedacutinincometaxrates,thefirstpartofapackageoftaxcuttingmeasuresputforwardbyPresidentBush.Theincometaxreductionswillamounttonearly1trilliondollarsovertenyears.4.Theworld'slargestmakerofcomputerchips,Intel,hasannouncedjobcutsafterafallindemandforitsproducts.Intelsaiditexpecteditsrevenueinthefirstquarterofthisyeartofallbyaquarterthanthesameperiodlastyear.TheCalifornia-basedcompanyplanstoreduceits85,000-strongworkforceby5,000.TheEuropeanUnionhasimposedfurtherrestrictionsonthemovementoflive-stockafteracaseoffoot-and-mouthdiseasewasconfirmedinFrance.TheUnitedStatesandCanadahaveissuedtemporarybansontheimportofallanimalproducefromEUcountries.B1.Foreignexchangerates:1dollar=1.733Germanmarks126.9Japaneseyen1pound=1.624dollarsShareIndexDowJones(upto)6,783(+45)London’s100(upto)4,390(+20)Nikkieclosed2.ShareIndex:DowJones10,116(+96)StandrdandPoor’s5001,254(+6)NASDAQ:(-1.5%)3.ShareIndex:DowJones8,094(-66)NASDAQ1,662(-3)FT100(-36)CACQuarante(-33,-1%)DAX(-1%)Mostactivestocks:CableandWirelessHKTup$0.45HSBCdown$0.50Hutchisondown$0.50ShanglongkaiPropertyup$2.25ChinaTelecomdown$1.50ChangKongdown$0.25PacificCenturyCyberworldsdown$0.10CCTTelecomdown$0.275NewWorldCyberBasedown$0.075HanongHoldingsdown$0.25Goldprices:HongKonggold:HK$2,670Londongold:US$2895.Earnings:PhilipsElectronics(lastyear):$2.4billion($300million)RoyalDutchShell(4thquarter):$3.6billionElectronicDataSystems(4thquarter):$0.70pershare($0.02up)Tapescripts:1.ThedollaristradingatoneGermanmarkseventy-threepointthreeandat126.9Japaneseyen.Thepoundbuysonedollarsixty-twopointfour.InNewYork,theDowShareIndexclosed45higherat6,783.EarlierLondon's100ShareIndexended20higherat4,390.InTokyo,theNikkeiShareIndexisclosedforaholiday.TheDowJonesIndustrialAverageclosedup96pointsat10,116.TheStandardandPoor's500Indexgained6pointstocloseat1,254.ButtheNASDAQIndexlost1.5%ashightechnologyandInternetstockswerebattered.RightnowtheDowisdownanother66pointsat8,094;theNASDAQCompositedown3pointsat1,662.TurningtoEurope'smajormarkets:Londonstockswerehitbyawaveofprofittakingafterfivestraightrecordcloses;theFT100Indexdown36points;Parisseeinglossesaswell,theCACquarantedown33pointsor1%;andFrankfurt'sDAXalsofell1%afterbrieflymovingintorecordterritory.WirelessHKTup45cents,HSBCholdingsdown50cents,Hutchisondown50cents,ShanglongkaiPropertyup$2.25,andChinaTelecomdown$1.50,ChangKongup25cents,PacificCenturyCyberworldsdown10cents,CCTTelecomdown27.5cents,NewWorldCyberspacedown7.5cents,andHanongHoldingsdown25cents.TheHangSengIndexfutureforNovemberandDecemberwerealldown.HongKonggoldclosedat2,670HongKongdollars,andLondongoldistradingat289U.S.dollars.5.ConsumerelectronicsmakerPhilipsElectronicsreportedalowerthanexpectedprofitforlastyear.Thecompanymadeabout$2.4billion,morethan$300millionbelowestimates.OilcompanyRoyalDutchShellpostedSystemsalsoreporteditsfourthquarternumberslastnight.Itposteda70-centprofitpershare,twocentsbetterthanexpectations.PartIINewsreportsASummary:ThisnewsreportisaboutForbes's"Super100Global"list.Answerthequestions:1.WhichofthefollowingcorporationsarethetopfiveonForbes'slist?Marktheirranks.2Citigroup4HSBCBankingCompany--BP-Amoco5Daimler-Chrysler1GeneralElectricCorporationnMicrosoft3BankofAmerica2.Howarethecompaniesranked?Thecompaniesarerankedwithacompositeformula,whichincludestotalsales,profits,assetsandmarketcapitalization,orthetotalvalueoftheirstock.3.Howarethe100companiesdistributed?46intheUnitedStates,54inEuropeandJapan.WhywerenoneoftheInternet-relatedfirmsincludedinthelist?BecausemostoftheInternet-relatedfirmshavelittleornoprofitssofar.Tapescripts:Forthesecondyearinarow,theGeneralElectricCorporationisrankednumberoneinanannualsurveyofthe100mostpowerfulcorporationsintheworld.Thesurvey,compiledandpublishedbyForbesbusinessmagazine,showsGeneralElectricoftheUnitedStatesrankednumberone,followedinsecondandthirdplacebytheservicesgiantsCitigroupandBankofAmerica.InfourthandfifthplacearetheBritish-basedHSBCBankingCompanyandDaimler-Chrysler,theGerman-Americanauto-company.Thecompaniesarerankedwithacompositeformula,whichincludestotalsales,profits,assetsandmarketcapitalization,orthetotalvalueofits(their)stock.Whatthemagazinecallsits"Super100Global"listare46companiesbasedintheUnitedStatesand54inEuropeandJapan.MikeOzanian,theForbeseditorwhocompiledthelist,saysthereisagrowingtrendofinternationalmergersandacquisitions,citingcompaniessuchasDaimler-ChryslerandBP-Amoco,theAnglo-AmericanOilCompany.Mr.OzaniansaysthatdespitethehugecapitalizationsofmanyInternet-relatedfirms,nonewereincludedbecausemosthavelittle,ifany,profits--atleastnotyet.BSummary:ThisnewsreportgivesusageneralpictureoftheU.S.stockmarket.Italsopresentssomeanalysts'viewsonthemarket.TheDowJonesIndustrialAveragewentuplessthanonepercent,to10,546.AnanalystsaidthatsalesgrowthatIntelcouldbestrongerthanexpected.Retailstocksgainedonstronger-than-expectedsalesbecauseoftheThanksgivingholidayshoppingseason.Salesofexistinghomesfellasteep3.9%inOctober,theirsecondmonthlydecline.5.AccordingtoinvestmentstrategistAlanSkrainka,thisisaverygoodentrypointforalong-terminvestortogetintothemarket.Tapescript:mixedonMonday,withthe"blue-chips"inarallymode.Butvolumewasonlymoderateafteraholiday-shortenedweeklastweek,showinglingeringuncertaintyamonginvestors.TheDowJonesIndustrialAveragewentup75points,lessthanonepercent,to10,546.TheS&P500Indexgained7points.ButtheNASDAQCompositebackedoffanearlyrally,takingalossofalmostonepercentonweaknessinselectedtechnologystocks.TheDowIndustrialsactuallygotaboostfromtheirtechnologycomponents.SharesofInteltradedhigherafterananalystsaidsalesgrowthattheleadingcomputerchip-makercouldbestrongerthanexpected.Microsoftstockalsoedgedhigher.Retailstocksgainedonstronger-than-expectedsalesovertheThanksgivingweekend,astheholidayshoppingseasongotunderway.However,analystscautiontheretailpictureisstillcloudedbecausemanystoresofferedbargainstoattractshoppers.ExpertsworrythathigheroilpricesandinterestrateswillmakethisalessthanmerryChristmasseasonforU.S.merchants.Thelatesttoslowergrowth.Salesofexistinghomesfellasteep3.9percentinOctober,theirsecondmonthlydecline.Manyanalyststhinkuncertaintyovertheeconomymakesitincreasinglylikelythatthemajorstockaverageswillcloselowerfortheyear.ButinvestmentstrategistAlanSkrainkasaysthelonger-termlooksbetter."Noonecanguesswhatwillhappentothemarketoverthenextmonth.Butoverthelong-term,wethinkthemarketlooksverygood.Ifyou'realong-terminvestor,thisisaverygoodentrypointforgettingintothemarketbecausethisiswhatyou'vebeenwaitingfor.Allthefearanduncertaintyinthemarketplaceissettingusupforsomeverygoodvaluesinthemarket."PartIIIVoicemailmaycostcompany’sbusinessAJudJessup(TakeCareHMO):personalizedservice”highservice”gettingarecordingefficientcosteffectiveindividualproblems.StanleyPlogue(PlogueResearch):afourthletoutvoicemailsystemgivenupSandyhale(PacificBell):bottomlinecostsmoreefficientcustomerserviceoperationsavaluabletool.BCFiveyearsago,peoplewerewaryofvoice-mail.TakeCareusedafunnyvoice-mailmessageinitsadvertisements.Voice-maildecreasescontactbetweencustomersandcompanies.Theproblemisnotthetechnology,butthevoice-mailmenus.PartIVBusinessjargonA1.languageshorthand.2.overusebusinessjargonanegativeeffect3.alowopinionmanagementjargonathirdalackofconfidenceoneinfiveuntrustworthycoversomethingup.4.aneffectivebosscaneasilyunderstandofmanagementjargon.BCblue-skythinking:imaginenewordifferentwaysofdoingthingsgetourducksinarow:haveeverythingarrangedefficientlybraindump:telleverythingyouknowaboutaparticularsubjectthinkoutsidethebox:becreativeinhowyouthinkaboutproblemsthehelicopterview:anoverviewaheadsup:awarning7.that’sarealno-brainer:that’ssimpleUnit4WorldNews:UpinSpacePartIWarmingupAToMars/Marchofnextyear.Becauseofamechanicalproblem.5malesand2females.NASA/AttheendofSeptember,83daysafterlanding.5.ToreturnhomeattheKennedySpaceCenteraftercompletingrepairsontheHubbleTelescope.BMirFacts15yearstheSovietUnion,nowRussia$4.2billion(forbuildingandmaintaining)10years(1986—1996)135tons9,900cubicfeet63feetwideand85feetlong104cosmonauts,astronauts46438days747days,threeMar.23rd,PartIINewsreportsASummary:thesmallestandmostearth-likeextrasolarplanet.Answerstoquestions:1.Aboutadozen.2.Fivetimesthemassoftheearth.3.Areddwarf.4.Two.5.OneissimilartoNeptuneandtheotheris8timesthemassoftheearth.BEvent:NASA’s12-yearprogramofMarsStartingtime:1996Finishingtime:2008Firstinstallment:?Namesofspacecrafts:theMarsGlobalSurveyorOrbiter/thePathfinderLanderArrivaltime:1997Mission:TocollectandanalyzerocksSecondinstallment:Namesofspacecrafts:thePolarLander/theMarsClimateOrbiterLaunchtime:DecemberArrivaltime:NextDecemberMission:a.Toinspectforsubsurfacewaterb.Tomeasurethedistributionofwatervapor,condensatesGrandfinale:?Launchtime:2005?Returntime:2008

dust

andMission:ToreturnsoilandrocksamplestoEarth.PartIIIReturningtotheMoonSummary:UK’spossiblecollaborationwithChinaontheChangprogram.Answerstothequestions:1.Fourphasesb.toreturnastronautstothemoonc.tosetupapermanentspacestation3.BuildingofscientificinstrumentsbyUK4.Fivedays5.Thirteendays

’ePartIA11.AsuccessfulbraintissuetransplantcarriedoutbyaSouthAfricansurgeon.Thediscoveryofanewwaytoincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapy.Thepossibilityofanewwaytotreatglaucoma.4.Anewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomes.Anewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessimprovetheirhealth.Thetheoryandfunctionofacupuncture.A21.Aweekago/Parkinson’sdisease.AnaturaldefensemechanismThedeathofbraincellsMeetingpatients’psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.Sideeffects/cutbackonmedication.Theworld’sleadingtransplantsurgeon,DrChristopherBernard,hascarriedoutoneofthemostdifficultbraintissuetransplantsyetattempted.TheSouthAfricansurgeonhassucceededintransplantingtissuesintothehumanbraininwhatisthoughttobethefirstoperationofitskind.Thesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatient

suffering

fromParkinson

’sdisease.

Aportion

ofthepatient

’sadrenal

gland

wasimplanted

into

apart

ofthepatient

’sbrain,anoperationwhichhaspreviouslybeenperformedonlyonratsandmonkeys.Approximatelyathirdofallpeopledevelopcanceratonepointintheirlives.Chemotherapyhasitslimitations,butitisoneofthemajortreatmentoptions.SomeAmericanscientistshavediscoveredtheycanincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapybyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.Glaucomaisresponsibleforblindnessinanestimated67millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Untilnow,treatmentshavefocusedexclusivelyontheeyes.Butthatmaychangeinthenextfewyear,followingthediscoverythatglaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.Newresearchshowsthatthesimpleactofwritingdownthoughtsaboutastressfuleventcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.Thisisthefirststudytoshowthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomesforchronically-illpatients.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatient’spsychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.TraditionalChinesemedicinesaysthatgoodhealthisassociatedwiththebalanceofQi.Qicanbehinderedorhelpedbyyangandyin.Accordingtotraditionaltheory,thegoalofacupunctureistopromotetheflowofqibykeepingyinandyanginbalanceandthisisdonebyinsertingneedlesatvariouspointsalongprimarychannelsandmeridiansthatcrisscrossthebody.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfew,ifany,side-effects;andthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatmentinanesthesia,forexampleitallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication,deliveringthesamelevelofbenefitwithfewernegativeeffects/B1.Instructions/characteristic/DNA/another/organism/geneticallymodifiedorganism/geneticengineering2.Artificialfertilizers/pestcontrol/food/farming/artificialfertilizers/half3.Geneticmaterial/unrelated/anotherspecies/animal/plant/goingacross4.Animals/cows,goatsandpigs/geneticallychanged/pharmaceuticaldrugs/farming5.Novel/1797-1851/scientist/subhuman/destroying/creationthatendsupdestroyingthecreator.、PartII（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）InNorthBeachinSanFrancisco,wheresomeprettysuperfoodgetsservedeverynight.“Absolutelyverysuperfood!”“andIreallylikethetasteofit”Butwe’renotjusttalkingabouttaste.Researchnowshowsthatsomefoods,includingtomatoes,onions,garlic,andoliveoilareamongthesuperfoods.Superfoodsarepackedwithpowerfulchemicalsthatmayofferyourbodygreatprotectionagainstchronicdisease“Includingcancer,obesity,heartdisease.Vibrantlycoloredred,yellow,orangeandgreenallgivingyoudifferenttypesofphytochemicals.”canreducetheriskofcancer,boosttheimmunesystem,andprotecttheheart.Sheshoweduswhateveryoneshouldtrytoeateachweekforoptimalhealth.Onehershoppinglist?Herbs!“Darkgreenones(herbs),

likerosemaryandthyme,andanyintenslycoloredspice

,like

turmericorredpepper.

”“Bothofthosehaveanti-inflammatoryproperties.”Turmericmanyreducetheriskofleukemia,skin,andlivercancers.Hotpeppersmayreducetheriskofcolon,stomach,andrectalcancers.Alsoonthelist:greenveggies.Butnotjustnaygreenveggy.“Brusselssproutsarepartofthecruciferous

vegetablefamilythathassignificantanti-cancerproperties,andthatfamilyalsohasaveryfavorableeffect

on

hormonemetabolism.”Othercruciferousveggiesinclude

cabbage,broccoli,andcauliflower

.Anddon

’tforgetthe

tomato.“itisprobablythebestsourceoflycopene,whichisoneofthephytochemicalsthathasshownsignificantanticancerproperties,especiallywithprostateandpotentially

lungandbreastcanceraswell.”Asforfruit,citruscontainsVitaminsC,limonoids,andphenols,whichinactivatecancercellsandstrengthentheimmunesystem.Cantaloupes,mangosandcarrotscontaincancer-fightingcarotenoids.Andberriesareburstingwithflavonoidsandellagicacidantioxidantsthatprotectagainstcancer,ulcers,andviruses.Natalierecommendsorganic.“Organicfruitsandvegetableshaveshownnotonlytohavelowerpesticidetoxicitiesandlowerpesticidelevels,butalsonowhavebeenshowntohavehigherphytochemicalcontent.

”Don’tforgetthefattyfishorflaxseedbothareexcellentsourceofOmega3fattyacidsthatinhibitthegrowthofcancercellsandboosttheimmunesystem,oliveoil,whichmayreducebreast,prostate,orcoloncancer,andsoy.“soyhasprotectiveeffectsfor

heartdisease

aswellasosteoporosis,potentially.”Andfinallyonions,garlic,andshallots.Theymayprotecttheheartfightcancer,andhelpwithasthma.BHarvardMedicalSchoolBorderlinehighbloodpressureIII.10/7IV.Cardiovascular/byaquarterChancesofdyingfromcardiovasculardiseasefallingby5/1A:nomorethan3gramsB:fastfoodlabelsfreshfruitandvegetables听力原文：Saltiscrucialtoourhealth,buttoomuchofitcanputhumanatriskfromhighbloodpressure,heartdiseaseandstroke.Manyreports,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolsaythesignificantreductioninsaltintakecancutthechancesofheartdiseaseandstrokesbyaquarter.Hereisourhealthcorrespondent,AdamBrimelow.It’slongbeenknownthatcuttingsaltcanreducebloodpressure.Buttherehasbeenmuchlessevidenceofwhatitmeansforcardiovasculardisease,includingheartattacksandstrokes.TheHarvardteamfolloweduppeoplewithborderlinehighbloodpressure,whohadtakeninpartintwosaltreductionstudies,typicallycuttingintakefrom10to7gramsaday.Theriskofdevelopingcardiovasculardiseaseoverthenextdecadeorsowascutbyaquartercomparedwiththosewhodidnotreducetheirsaltintake.Andtheirchan